Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

Cleaning effectiveness of a nickel-titanium ultrasonic tip in ultrasonically activated irrigation: a SEM study

Abstract In endodontic treatment, regardless of the instrumentation technique, the presence of a smear layer covering contaminated dentin walls is always a concern. Thus, irrigation plays an essential role in reducing bacterial load. To enhance irrigation effectiveness, different ultrasonic activation methods and the use of different tips have been studied. This study assessed the cleaning capacity of the novel NiTi ultrasonic tip for smear layer removal using ultrasonically activated irrigation (UAI) with passive or continuous ultrasonic irrigation (PUI or CUI, respectively), compared with conventional irrigation. Forty-five single-rooted human mandibular premolars were decoronated to a standardized length of 16 mm. Instrumentation was performed using the Genius system up to size 50.04 and irrigated with 3% NaOCl. The specimens were divided into three groups (n = 15) according to the final irrigation activation technique: conventional irrigation (CI), as control group; PUI; and CUI, following the manufacturer’s protocol. The samples were longitudinally cleaved and analyzed under a scanning electron microscope for smear layer removal according to a cleanliness score for the cervical, middle, and apical thirds. Data were evaluated by means of the Kruskal-Wallis and Tukey’s tests, with a 5% level of significance. UAI enhanced cleaning compared to conventional irrigation, mainly at the apical third. CUI showed the best results, with statistically significant lower scores than PUI and CI (p < 0.05). Final irrigant activation with the NiTi tip showed better cleaning capacity than conventional irrigation. In addition, CUI resulted in better smear layer removal than PUI

Caracterização da população de cães e gatos e avaliação do nível de conhecimento dos moradores sobre zoonoses e posse responsável dos animais de estimação, em bairros do município de Jaboticabal/SP

A proposta vem ao encontro de uma demanda social importante dentro das políticas públicas de saúde, que é o controle populacional de cães e gatos, fato que preocupa as autoridades sanitárias, especialmente com relação à disseminação de zoonoses. O diagnóstico alcançado estabelece dados, quanto ao número de cães e gatos e também fornece uma avaliação da população quanto ao conhecimento sobre zoonoses e posse responsável. Objetivos: Caracterizar a população de cães e gatos e avaliar sua dinâmica; avaliar o nível de conhecimento das pessoas sobre zoonoses e posse responsável. Metodologia: Ação integrada entre o grupo PET Medicina Veterinária, os alunos da disciplina Planejamento e Administração em Saúde Animal e Saúde Pública Veterinária do Curso de Medicina Veterinária, bolsistas PROEX/Unesp, e aluna do Programa de Pós Graduação em Medicina Veterinária da FCAVJ/UNESP. Há apoio da Secretaria da Saúde do Município de Jaboticabal - Setor de Controle de Zoonoses. Foram aplicados questionários a 1/3 (amostra definida estatisticamente) dos moradores dos bairros Residencial e Jardim Boa Vista. Iniciou-se pelos locais mais problemáticos, onde existe um grande número de animais soltos nas ruas. Foram cadastradas pessoas interessadas em castrar seus animais. A perspectiva é atingir todos os bairros do município. Os dados desses questionários estão sendo tabulados no programa Microsoft Excel e, com base nos resultados, é estabelecida a estratégia de ação educativa. Resultados: Dos 280 domicílios visitados, 182 possuíam, no mínimo, um animal de estimação, totalizando 317 cães e 81 gatos, para um total de 1103 pessoas. A relação animal por habitante foi 1:3,47 para cães e 1:13,61 para gatos, próximas a estimativa oficial que é de 1:4. Quanto à vacinação, 74% dos cães e 45% dos gatos receberam vacina anti-rábica em 2009, sendo que 67% e 73% destes, respectivamente, foram vacinados nas campanhas de vacinação gratuitas. Vinte (20%) dos cães e 7% dos gatos receberam outras vacinas além da anti-rábica. Quando perguntados se os animais poderiam transmitir doenças para as pessoas, 18,9% e 19% responderam sim para cão e gato, respectivamente. Quanto à pergunta se alguém da casa foi agredido ou ferido por cão ou gato, 10% responderam afirmativamente. Desses, 75% procuraram auxílio médico. Quanto a posturas de posse responsável, 13% disseram levar seus animais periodicamente ao veterinário, 57% levam apenas quando adoecem e 30% nunca os levam. Ainda, 92,8% dos respondentes disseram que há muitos animais soltos na ruas e, desses, 57% declararam que se sentem incomodados e 94% citaram a adoção como uma alternativa para esse problema. Conclusão: Tendo em vista que a cobertura vacinal foi insatisfatória além da existência de animais soltos nas ruas, é necessário um trabalho de conscientização permanente para a posse responsável e importância do controle de zoonoses

Matemática Comercial e Financeira

Ensino Médio::MatemáticaOs alunos deverão ter familiaridade com a especificação de fórmulas matemáticas bem formadas e, também, com calculadoras simplesO simulador "Matemática Comercial e Financeira" é constituido por seis situações que, para serem resolvidas, utilizam conceitos de juros simples e compostos, descontos e amortizações.Este simulador funciona como um jogo, no qual progredir para a segunda situação implica resolver corretamente a primeir

Matemática Comercial e Financeira

O simulador "Matemática Comercial e Financeira" é constituido por seis situações que, para serem resolvidas, utilizam conceitos de juros simples e compostos, descontos e amortizações.Este simulador funciona como um jogo, no qual progredir para a segunda situação implica resolver corretamente a primeiraOs alunos deverão ter familiaridade com a especificação de fórmulas matemáticas bem formadas e, também, com calculadoras simplesEnsino Médio::Matemátic