Protecting social interest in free invention

Intellectual property

Intellectual property rights and product effectiveness

Recent economic literature concludes that an invention-importing country, where domestic invention is scarce or nonexistent, may reduce its welfare and, in some cases, world welfare, by protecting intellectual property developed elsewhere. The analysis presented in this article uses economic theory to show that such a conclusion may not be fully warranted for a wide range of products, such as antibiotics, fungicides, herbicides, and pesticides, whose effectiveness diminishes with cumulative use. Both developed and developing countries may find that protecting intellectual property rights for these products will enhance welfare - even when their invention is provided for free.Intellectual property ; Imports

Centering the Right: Mapping the Queer Discourse of the Family Research Council and Focus on the Family

Religious Right organizations like Focus on the Family and the Family Research Council have been known for their vitriolic discourse when it comes to the Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual (LGB) community. The ways in which they have discussed queer rights have characterized the LGB community as especially sinful and a threat to American society. Specifically targeting Focus on the Family and the Family Research Council, this paper looks at rhetorical strategies they have used when discussing gay rights. The paper identifies a significant shift in their discursive practices such that recently the LGB community is portrayed in a more sympathetic light, though still as problematic. The purpose of this paper is to map the rhetorical moves that Focus on the Family has employed over the years in order to better understand the Religious Right’s rhetorical strategies regarding the LGB community

From VLEs to Learning Webs: The Implications of Web 2.0 for Learning and Teaching

This is an Author's Accepted Manuscript of an article published in Brown, S. (2010) From VLEs to learning webs: The implications of web 2.0 for learning and teaching. Interactive Learning Environments, 18 (1), pp. 1-10 in the Interactive Learning Environments 2010 [copyright Taylor & Francis], available online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10494820802158983

Some Instances of Ic1/Ic5 Interaction in Post-Tonal Music (and Their \u3ci\u3eTonnetz\u3c/i\u3e Representations)

Drawing on the author’s Dual Interval Space methodology, this essay uses a Tonnetz model to explore the interaction of interval classes 1 and 5 in pieces by Bartók, Stravinsky, and Webern. The analyses attest to the importance of ic1/ic5 pairing for a significant range of post-tonal music, while illuminating processes and relationships that transcend the standard pitch-class operations. In addition, the analyses demonstrate that a generalized Tonnetz model, freed from its customary associations with voice-leading smoothness, can serve as a compelling means for interpreting post-tonal music. This article is part of a special, serialized feature: A Music-Theoretical Matrix: Essays in Honor of Allen Forte (Part V)

Extension Program Marketing and Needs Evaluation Using Craigslist

Craigslist is a mostly free Internet classified ad website that is accessed by over 30 million American viewers each month. This article describes how Craigslist was used to market Cooperative Extension Service programs in the Mat-Su District of Alaska. The result was much larger program participation than obtained through traditional marketing sources such as newspapers and newsletters. Program marketing through Craigslist also resulted in more non-traditional audiences than normally experienced in the Mat-Su District. Participants tended to be ethnically and culturally more diverse, younger and less financially stable. Most had never heard of the Cooperative Extension Service

ANALYTICAL INVESTIGATIONS IN MAGNETIC RECORDING

The Fourier method is used to provide new analytic solutions for idealized mathematical models of double-element shielded magnetoresistive (MR) recording heads. The general two-dimensional model allows analysis of various recording head configurations; a single pole head, a ring head, a dual stripe head and a differential head. The analysis accommodates both longitudinal recording (with no soft magnetic underlayer present) and perpendicular recording (in the presence of a soft underlayer). Typical field, spectral response function and output voltage pulse plots for double-element MR heads are given and compared to published, approximate solutions. The integrals arising in the determination of the Fourier series coefficients, magnetic potential and magnetic field components are expressed either as rapidly convergent infinite series or in terms of special functions to provide a more efficient means of evaluation than numerical integration. It is shown that, in many situations, it is only necessary to take the first Fourier coefficient in the calculation of output voltage pulse shapes in order to achieve sufficiently accurate results. Bi-variate regression techniques are used to provide a convenient method to approximate the first Fourier series coefficient for a broad range of typical head dimensions. The thesis goes on to examine high speed switching behaviour in two classes of recording media by considering two different particle orientation distributions; 2D random media - intended to simulate a modern thin film rigid disk, and 3D oriented media- simulating a single domain particulate tape media. The gyromagnetic switching constant of a medium is calculated directly from the Landau - Lifshitz - Gilbert (L-L-G) equation of motion, which is solved numerically. The switching constants produced are discussed and compared with published experimental values for different media

A Kansas and Alaska Example of Extension Opportunities in Emergency Preparedness

Emergency preparedness and management show great potential as growth areas for Extension programming. This Commentary examines two such programs. In Brown County, Kansas, Extension\u27s decision to get involved in emergency management resulted in significantly increased funding, a renewal of faith by local county government, and a successful response to the 2007 ice storm. In Alaska, the decision to begin teaching emergency response officials and the public how to use Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers resulted in a large new audience in a previously untapped program area outside of 4-H

Site symmetry analysis of the 738 nm defect in diamond

Based on a detailed analysis of polarized Raman and luminescence measurements of a ‘‘mosaic’’ diamond film, symmetry properties of a ubiquitous point defect observed in diamond films are determined. Specifically, the defect, which gives rise to emission at 738 nm, is determined unequivocally to be a 〈110〉‐oriented defect with the transition dipole moment of the center oriented along the 〈110〉 symmetry axis. These results represent the first analysis of the symmetry properties of this point defect and aid in the development of structural model of the center. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/69825/2/JAPIAU-78-6-4069-1.pd