Las concepciones sobre la competencia deportiva y los objetivos de logro

El objetivo de esta investigación fue examinar las relaciones entre las concepciones acerca de la naturaleza de la competencia deportiva y los objetivos de logro en dos muestras de individuos con diferentes relaciones con el deporte. En el primer estudio participaron 498 atletas federados de ambos sexos (396 varones y 102 mujeres), con edades entre los 12 y los 33 años. En lo segundo estudio participaron 576 estudiantes (309 varones y 268 mujeres), con edades entre los 12 y los 17 años, que practicaban deporte pero no de modo competitivo. Las concepciones sobre la naturaleza de la competencia deportiva fueran evaluadas por el Conception of the Nature of Athletic Ability Questionnaire (CNAAQ; Sarrazin et al., 1995) y los objetivos de logro fueran evaluados por el Task and Ego in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ; Duda & Nicholls, 1989). La relación entre las seis dimensiones del CNAAQ (es decir, talento natural, mejorable, estable, específica, aprendizaje, y general) y las dos dimensiones del TEOSQ (tarea y ego) se investigó usando el análisis de la correlación canónica que identificó en los dos estudios las dos mismas correlaciones canónicas estadísticamente significativas. La primera función canónica reveló que los atletas que creían más en que la habilidad deportiva es una consecuencia del aprendizage, mejorable, y específico tendían a ser más orientados a la tarea. La segunda función canónica mostró que los atletas que creían más en que la habilidad deportiva es un talento natural, estable, y general tendian a ser más orientados al ego. Las implicaciones motivacionales y comportamentales de las dos funciones parecen ser completamente distintas. Mientras la primera parece constituirse como adaptativa a una práctica deportiva regular y sistematica la segunda parece implicar exactamente lo opuesto.The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationships between the conceptions about the nature of the sport competence with the achievement goal orientations among two samples with different relationships with sport. In the first study participated 498 male (396) and female (102) competitive athletes, aged 12-33 years. In the second study participated 576 male (309) and female (268) students, aged 12-17 years, that practise sport but not in a competitive way. The conceptions about the nature of the sport competence were measured by the Conception of the Nature of Athletic Ability Questionnaire (CNAAQ; Sarrazin et al., 1995) and the achievement goal orientations were measured by the Task and Ego in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ; Duda & Nichols, 1989). The relationships between the six dimensions of the CNAAQ (i.e., natural gift, incremental, stable, specific, learning, and general) and the two dimensions of the TEOSQ (task and ego) were investigated using a canonical correlation analysis, which identified in both studies the same two statistically significant canonical correlations. The first canonical function revealed that athletes with the highest beliefs that sport competence is learnable, incremental, and specific tended to be more task oriented. The second canonical function showed that athletes with the highest beliefs that sport competence is a natural gift, stable, and general tended to be more goal oriented. The motivational and behavioral implications of the two functions seem to be completely different. While the first seems to be adapted to a regular and systematic sport practice, the second seems to imply precisely the opposite

Propriedades psicométricas da versão portuguesa do Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMIp) em contextos de actividade física e desportiva

Com esta investigação pretendeu-se analisar as propriedades psicométricas da versão portuguesa do Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (McAuley et al., 1989), em contextos de actividade física ou desportiva. No primeiro estudo (n=738; 16.00±3.66 anos), a Análise Factorial Exploratória (AFE) permitiu identificar um asolução constituída por quatro factores similares à da versão original, e o cálculo do alfa de Cronbach para cada uma das subescalas e para o instrumento na sua globalidade confirmou na generalidade a sua fiabilidade. No segundo estudo (n=1780; 15.80±3.85 anos) foram submetidos à Análise Factorial Confirmatória (AFC) quatro modelos de medida do IMIp distintos: i)18 itens, factor único; ii) 18 itens, quatro factores; iii)17 itens, factor único; e iv) 17 itens, quatro factores.A análise dos resultados revelou a superioridade dos modelos com 17 itens relativamente aos de 18 itens, e dos modelos com quatro factores face aos modelos com apenas um factor. Ainda assim, os valores dos diferentes indicadores da qualidade de ajustamento dos diferentes modelos investigados sugeriram que o IMIp pode ser utilizado com confiança tanto para avaliar globalmente a motivação intrínseca dos indivíduos para a prática de actividades físicas ou desportivas como para avaliar individualmente cada uma das quatro facetas nele representadas. Finalmente, de realçar que, sem prejuízo do anteriormente referido, uma análise ao conjunto de todos os resultados encontrados nos dois estudos realizados pareceu indicar a possibilidade de melhorar ainda mais as propriedades psicométricas do IMIp

Qualitative Methodologies as a Vehicle for Understanding the Emotional Process in Soccer Players

A descriptive-exploratory investigation with pre-experimental design tried to answer the question how sports performance in competition is influenced by emotions? Two assessing instruments were built – Questionário Emoção e Desempenho Desportivo (QEDD, study 1) and Sistema de Observação do Desempenho Desportivo - (SODD -1, study 3). Interviews were used to identify the emotions’ triggers and which sports performance factors were influenced by those emotions (study 2). Study 4 intended to answer the research question, with two football players. For both players different kinds of emotions were generated by the same trigger and by different triggers. For player 1, positive and negative emotions always had a functional effect in sports performance; for player 2, positive emotions had only a functional effect on sports performance, negative emotions had both effects in sports performance (functional and dysfunctional), and some of the studied emotions had no influence in sports performance.  Uma investigação descritivo-exploratória com desenho pré-experimental procurou responder à questão como é que o desempenho desportivo, em competição, é influenciado por emoções? Foram construídos 2 instrumentos de avaliação - (QEDD, estudo 1) e Sistema de Observação do Desempenho Desportivo - (SODD -1, estudo 3). Realizaram-se entrevistas para identificar os desencadeadores de emoções e quais os fatores de desempenho desportivo que foram influenciados por essas emoções (estudo 2). O estudo 4 pretendia responder à questão de pesquisa, com dois jogadores de futebol. Para ambos os jogadores, diferentes tipos de emoções foram gerados pelo mesmo desencadeador e por desencadeadores diferentes. Para o jogador 1, as emoções positivas e negativas sempre tiveram um efeito funcional no desempenho desportivo; para o jogador 2, as emoções positivas tiveram apenas o efeito funcional no desempenho desportivo, as emoções negativas tiveram ambos efeitos no desempenho desportivo (funcional e disfuncional) e, algumas das emoções estudadas não influenciaram o desempenho desportivo. &nbsp

Salmonellosis in Children at a Portuguese Hospital: A Retrospective Study

Introduction: Salmonellosis represents a considerable health, social and economic burden in both high- and low-income countries. Recently, in Portugal, most cases of Salmonella infections have been reported in children under 15 years of age. The main aim of this study was to characterize, from an epidemiological, microbiological, and clinical perspective, cases of Salmonella isolation among children. Material and Methods: The authors performed a descriptive study using retrospective analysis of cases of salmonellosis, in pediatric age, at a Portuguese Level II Hospital, between January 2015 and July 2020. Results: The population included a total of 63 children, of which 81% were Portuguese. Ethnicity was identified in 13 children, most of whom were African. The median age at diagnosis was four years old (3.5 - 9 years old). Despite the small number of cases per year in our study (11), one-third were severe enough to require hospitalization. Overall, 13% of patients were treated with antibiotics. In 63% of the isolates, serotype was identified: Salmonella Enteriditis (38%), Salmonella Typhimurium (22%), and Salmonella Typhi (3%). Antibiotic resistance rates were 19% for ampicillin and 6.4% for amoxicillinclavulanic acid and cotrimoxazole. No resistance to third-generation cephalosporins was found. Conclusion: Given the obtained results, we intend to improve knowledge on salmonellosis in Portugal and, consequently improve prevention strategies, treatment and its notification. Although the incidence of salmonellosis has been decreasing in recent years it is the second most frequent gastrointestinal infection in the European Union, contributing to significant rates of hospitalizations and use of antibiotics in Portugal

Low frequency of TERT promoter mutations in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs).

Somatic mutations in the promoter region of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene, mainly at positions c. − 124 and c. − 146 bp, are frequent in several human cancers; yet its presence in gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) has not been reported to date. Herein, we searched for the presence and clinicopathological association of TERT promoter mutations in genomic DNA from 130 bona fide GISTs. We found TERT promoter mutations in 3.8% (5/130) of GISTs. The c. − 124C4T mutation was the most common event, present in 2.3% (3/130), and the c. − 146C4T mutation in 1.5% (2/130) of GISTs. No significant association was observed between TERT promoter mutation and patient’s clinicopathological features. The present study establishes the low frequency (4%) of TERT promoter mutations in GISTs. Further studies are required to confirm our findings and to elucidate the hypothetical biological and clinical impact of TERT promoter mutation in GIST pathogenesis.This project was partially supported by Barretos Cancer Hospital internal research funds (PAIP) and CNPq Universal Grant (476192/2013-7) to RMR. NCC is a recipient of an FAPESP Doctoral Fellowship (2013/25787-3). Further funding from the project ‘Microenvironment, metabolism and cancer’ that was partially supported by Programa Operacional Regional do Norte (ON.2—O Novo Norte) under the Quadro de Referência Estratégico Nacional (QREN) and the Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional (FEDER). IPATIMUP is an Associate Laboratory of the Portuguese Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education that is partially supported by the FCT

Impact of rearing systems in the Eastern Amazon on cholesterol, β-carotene and vitamin E homologues in steer

IntroductionThe quality of meat, with a focus on compounds important for human health, is directly related to the rearing systems in which the animals are produced. The search for a balanced diet, with an emphasis on low cholesterol and adequate levels of vitamins, aligns with society’s emphasis on healthy eating, directly correlated with the importance of the offer made by producers for the cattle’s diet.Objective and methodologyThe objective was to verify the impact of different rearing systems, in the Eastern Amazon, during the rainy season, on the concentrations of vitamins (A, E) and cholesterol in the muscle (Longissimus lumborum) of crossbred Nelore cattle, castrated, aged between 24 and 36 months, and weighing between 410 and 628 kg. Twelve animals, from each of the three pasture rearing systems: native pasture in flooded areas of Monte Alegre; native pasture in a flooded area of Santa Cruz do Arari; and pasture cultivated on dry land in São Miguel do Guamá, all located in Pará, Brazil—were sampled in commercial slaughterhouses.ResultsA notable influence was observed in the concentrations of β-carotene (p < 0.01), α-Tocopherol (p = 0.02), β-Tocopherol (p < 0.01) and the combined sum of β-Tocotrienol and γ-Tocopherol (p < 0.01), as well as δ-Tocopherol (p < 0.01) when contrasting extensive with intensive systems (confinement). However, there was a difference in the content of vitamins and cholesterol between the isolated extensive systems, or between the four rearing systems (p > 0.05). Extensive systems, mainly in Monte Alegre, demonstrated greater amounts of α-Tocopherol and δ-Tocopherol.ConclusionOn the other hand, the intensive system exhibited higher levels of other investigated compounds, clarifying the nutritional variations generated by different livestock rearing practices in the region. Therefore, the results obtained are innovative in the Eastern Amazon, Brazil, in addition to inspiring the development of new research to meet other demands in this field, and achieve additional results, such as determining which meat, coming from cattle in production systems in the country, presents the better compositional quality of vitamins and lipids

Chronic Urticaria in the Real-Life Clinical Practice Setting in Portugal: Baseline Results from the Non-Interventional Multicentre AWARE Study

Introduction: There is a paucity of information regarding chronic urticaria patients’ care in a real-world setting. The objective of this study was to report and evaluate the baseline characteristics of Portuguese chronic urticaria patients refractory to H1-antihistamines included in the AWARE study. Material and Methods: This is a non-interventional cohort study. Adult patients with a diagnosis of chronic urticaria with symptoms for at least two months, refractory to H1-antihistamines, consulting one of the 10 participating urticaria centers throughout Portugal have been included in the study. Baseline sociodemographic data, medical history, clinical parameters, medication, weekly urticaria activity score, and dermatology quality of life index have been collected. Results: Seventy six patients were included, of which 76.3% were women. The majority of patients had a diagnosis of chronic spontaneous urticaria (88.2%) and 39.5% had angioedema. Around 91.0% of patients were medicated with non-sedative H1-antihistamines and 35.4% with a third line therapy. Median dermatology quality of life index was 5.0 and median weekly urticaria activity score was 13.0. Discussion: The baseline results suggest that patients with chronic urticaria refractory to H1-antihistamines are being under-treated in the real-world setting. Conclusion: The AWARE study demonstrates the real impact of chronic urticaria on Portuguese patients refractory to H1-antihistamines treatment, and 30% report a very large or extremely large deleterious effect on their quality of life. The follow-up of these patients will allow evaluating strategies aimed at optimizing disease control

Entre consumos suntuários e comuns: a posse de objetos exóticos entre alguns habitantes do Porto (séculos XVI – XVII)

O estudo da documentação referente aos doadores da Misericórdia do Porto entre os séculos XVI e XVII, através dos objetos exóticos patentes nos respectivos testamentos e inven- tários – estes últimos provenientes de uma área que se estende de Macau ao Brasil –, permite discernir uma panóplia de objetos que mudaram a cultura material dos portuenses em contato com os territórios da expansão portuguesa. Um levantamento sistemático permitiu já rastrear, até o ano de 1699, 257 doadores, dos quais se apresentarão aqui apenas alguns, referentes a benfeitores que, não obstante possuírem bens móveis nesse âmbito, não são dados como tendo estado nos territórios de expansão transoceânica. Argumentar-se-á que essa circulação de objetos não foi exclusiva das elites nobiliárquicas, nem dos grandes centros urbanos, pelo que a sua difusão atingiu maiores proporções do que aquelas que a historiografia tem admitido até agora. A cidade em observação neste estudo – o Porto dos séculos XVI e XVII – estava longe de ser das maiores da Europa nesse período, quer em dimensão territorial, quer em efetivos populacionais, embora se situasse numa região de demografia pujante, que canalizou os seus excedentes desde cedo para a emigração interna e externa – o Entre Douro e Minho. Como teremos ocasião de verificar, fidalgos e nobres possuíam bens exóticos, mas estes encontravam-se também entre mercadores e até artesãos mais desafogados. Por outro lado, nem todos os objetos provenientes dos espaços da expansão transoceânica devem ser conotados com bens de luxo.The study of the sources referring to the donors of the Misericórdia of the city of Porto during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries has revealed the presence of numerous exotic objects in their last wills and inventories. A survey has traced 257 donors until 1699, some of them having died in an area that extends from Macao to Brazil. Only a small number of cases shall be presented here, pertaining to benefactors who, in spite of owning objects of transoceanic origin, seem to have remained in mainland Portugal. It shall be argued that the circulation of objects has not been exclusive either to the elites of the nobility or to the large urban centres, their diffusion having been on a larger scale than what has been admitted until now. The city under scrutiny in this study – Porto during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries – was not one of the bigger cities in this period, either in what respects to size or population, although it was located in an area of flourishing demography, that channelled its surplus population early on to internal and external emigration. Fidalgos and noblemen owned exotic goods, but these were to be found among merchants and even well-to-do artisans. On the other hand, not all objects originating from the areas of transoceanic expansion should be considered as luxury goods.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Viral genetic clustering and transmission dynamics of the 2022 mpox outbreak in Portugal

Pathogen genome sequencing during epidemics enhances our ability to identify and understand suspected clusters and investigate their relationships. Here, we combine genomic and epidemiological data of the 2022 mpox outbreak to better understand early viral spread, diversification and transmission dynamics. By sequencing 52% of the confirmed cases in Portugal, we identified the mpox virus sublineages with the highest impact on case numbers and fitted them into a global context, finding evidence that several international sublineages probably emerged or spread early in Portugal. We estimated a 62% infection reporting rate and that 1.3% of the population of men who have sex with men in Portugal were infected. We infer the critical role played by sexual networks and superspreader gatherings, such as sauna attendance, in the dissemination of mpox virus. Overall, our findings highlight genomic epidemiology as a tool for the real-time monitoring and control of mpox epidemics, and can guide future vaccine policy in a highly susceptible population.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Viral genetic clustering and transmission dynamics of the 2022 mpox outbreak in Portugal

Pathogen genome sequencing during epidemics enhances our ability to identify and understand suspected clusters and investigate their relationships. Here, we combine genomic and epidemiological data of the 2022 mpox outbreak to better understand early viral spread, diversification and transmission dynamics. By sequencing 52% of the confirmed cases in Portugal, we identified the mpox virus sublineages with the highest impact on case numbers and fitted them into a global context, finding evidence that several international sublineages probably emerged or spread early in Portugal. We estimated a 62% infection reporting rate and that 1.3% of the population of men who have sex with men in Portugal were infected. We infer the critical role played by sexual networks and superspreader gatherings, such as sauna attendance, in the dissemination of mpox virus. Overall, our findings highlight genomic epidemiology as a tool for the real-time monitoring and control of mpox epidemics, and can guide future vaccine policy in a highly susceptible population.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio