DOD Mission Engineering and Integration Explorative-Exploitative Architecture for Technology Innovation

The ability of U.S. Department of Defense to achieve timely innovation in support of U.S. National Defense and Military Strategies continues to increase in significance. The growing challenges in U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) technological innovation in a context of global security and rapid pace of global competitiveness continue to reveal many shortcomings in current weapon systems development and acquisition practice. As the pace of technological innovation is accelerating, the DoD faces the challenge that the same disruptive technological advances are also being made available to or developed by its adversaries. Based on literature review, no innovation system theory exists that accounts for organization interaction with the environment given socio-economic objectives and associated missions, including a less closed-system approach to interactions across the private and public sector boundaries. The Mission Engineering Explorative-Exploitative Architecture for Innovation expands Bennan & Tushman’s (2003) and O’Reilly & Tushman (1996) explorative-exploitative theory from a process management, innovation behavior, and private firm’s performance within the context of environmental technological change. A System Theory framework based qualitative content analyzes the innovation and Department of Defense dataset and produced a set of initial seed-categories. These seed-categories were interpreted resulting in architectural views and associated propositions. The resulting architecture contributions are propositional definitions for Mission Engineering and Integration Management functions in the context of military missions and complex situations including constructs for identifying socio-technical misalignments as basis for understanding and identifying technological innovation opportunities and associated partnerships

Cell-free prediction of protein expression costs for growing cells

Translating heterologous proteins places significant burden on host cells, consuming expression resources leading to slower cell growth and productivity. Yet predicting the cost of protein production for any given gene is a major challenge, as multiple processes and factors combine to determine translation efficiency. To enable prediction of the cost of gene expression in bacteria, we describe here a standard cell-free lysate assay that provides a relative measure of resource consumption when a protein coding sequence is expressed. These lysate measurements can then be used with a computational model of translation to predict the in vivo burden placed on growing E. coli cells for a variety of proteins of different functions and lengths. Using this approach, we can predict the burden of expressing multigene operons of different designs and differentiate between the fraction of burden related to gene expression compared to action of a metabolic pathway

Estado sanitário da cidade de Belém no mês de novembro

Em geral o mes de Novembro foi bem doentio para a capital do Pará, e segundo informações que tenho o foi também para os outros lugares do interior da provincia. Deixando de parte as moléstias, que são para bem dizer, habituais, ocupararei-me nesse escrito tão somente das que grassaram formando morbos extraordinários

Escáner lector de color para superficies

Existen infinidad de personas cuyos trabajos dependen directamente de la utilización de colores. En la mayoría de los casos es complicado diferenciar los matices entre distintos colores ya que, en general, estos dependen tanto de factores externos, como la luz que incide sobre ellos en ese momento, como de las propias personas, dotando a la visión del color de cierta subjetividad. Además, hay usuarios que padecen problemas de visión, los cuales les generan dificultades en su día a día debido a la imposibilidad de diferenciar correctamente entre colores. Hoy en día existen sistemas capaces de reconocer los colores de diferentes objetos de forma muy precisa, aunque suelen tener un coste elevado y su uso está principalmente enfocado a la pintura y el arte. El objetivo del estudio es crear un sistema basado en tecnologías de reconocimiento de color. El dispositivo diseñado tiene que ser capaz de ofrecer datos específicos de las características de los colores a las personas que busquen referencias de estos mismos. Con esta finalidad en mente, cabría preguntarse de qué manera se puede desarrollar un sistema, encargado del reconocimiento de colores, con alta precisión, que resulte al alcance de la mayor parte de los usuarios. El sistema desarrollado se presenta en una estructura portátil, perfecta para su uso en cualquier situación sin que su transporte resulte un estorbo. Se ha utilizado un procesador Arduino para su desarrollo, ya que permite una amplia gama de posibilidades con buenos resultados a muy bajo coste. Además, este sistema se comunica, inalámbricamente, con una aplicación móvil. Esto es una gran ventaja para los usuarios que deseen utilizarlo ya que, hoy en día, la mayoría de las personas poseen un teléfono móvil o pueden adquirirlos a un precio reducido. Tras las pruebas finales, realizadas con el sistema completo, los resultados obtenidos muestran una alta precisión del sistema. Ante una repetición de adquisiciones al mismo color, los resultados tienen un error despreciable. Las comparaciones se ejecutan correctamente, ofreciendo resultados muy similares al color medido. Estos resultados facilitan la necesidad de ciertas personas a conocer las características exactas del color que tienen delante, ofreciendo también la posibilidad de obtener los datos del número de referencia de un fabricante que distribuya ese color para una aplicación determinada, por ejemplo, pintura. El sistema puede ayudar en muchos ámbitos a cualquiera de las personas descritas al comienzo. Además, se pueden realizar actualizaciones al sistema que le añadan nuevas características como, por ejemplo, una respuesta de sonido tras las comparaciones de colores o pintar la pantalla del color aproximado que se encuentra en la base de datos.There are countless people whose jobs depend directly on the use of colours. Most of the times it is difficult to differentiate the nuances between different colours, considerate that, in general, they depend on external factors, such as how they are lighted up at that moment. Besides the large number of people who suffer from visual problems, which cause them difficulties in their day to day activities due to the impossibility to distinguish between colours. Nowadays there are systems which are capable of recognize the colours of different objects in a very precise way, although they usually have a high cost and their use is mainly focused on painting and art areas. The objective of this study is to develop a system based on colour recognition technologies. The designed device has to be able to offer specific data of colour’s characteristics to the people who look for references of them.With this purpose in mind, one might wonder how a system can be developed, responsible for the recognition of colours, with high precision, which is available to the majority of users. The developed system is presented in a portable structure, perfect for his use in any situation without its transportation being a hindrance. An Arduino processor has been used for its development, since it allows the system to reach a wide range of possibilities with good results at a very low cost. In addition, this system communicates, wirelessly, with a mobile application. This is a great advantage for users who want to use it because, nowadays, most of people own a mobile phone or can buy it at a reduced price. After the final tests, carried out with the complete system, the results obtained show a high precision of the system. Faced with a repetition of acquisitions of the same colour, the results have a negligible error. The comparisons are executed correctly, offering results very similar to the measured colour. These results facilitate the need for certain people to know the exact characteristics of the colour in front of them, also offering the possibility of obtaining the data of the reference number of a manufacturer that distributes that colour for a given application, for example, painting. After the final tests, done with the system complete, the obtained results show a high precision of the system. compared with repeated acquisitions of the same colour, the results have a negligible error. The comparisons are executed correctly, offering results very similar to the measured colour. These results facilitate the need OF certain people to know the exact characteristics of the colour in front of them, also offering the possibility of obtaining the data of the manufacture’s reference number that distributes that colour for a certain application, for example, painting. Taking into account these results, the system can help many people in a lot of areas, which are described at the beginning. In addition, you can make updates to the system to add new features, for example, a sound response after comparisons of colours or the possibility of painting the screen with the recognised colour.Ingeniería Electrónica Industrial y Automátic

Comportamiento funcional y ambiental de los diques exentos de baja cota de coronación y su importancia en la ingeniería de costas

La costa constituye una estrecha franja sometida a grandes desequilibrios; en muchos puntos se encuentra en profundo estado de regresión, como consecuencia de múltiples y variadas causas: oleaje, mareas y corrientes, construcción de obras marítimas que interrumpen las corrientes litorales y el transporte de sedimentos, subida del nivel medio del mar, desarrollo de áreas costeras y urbanismo masivo en la zona activa de las playas, etc. Todo ello provoca la erosión de un gran número de playas, así como su degradación ambiental y paisajística. Esta situación precaria del litoral constituye, hoy en día, un serio y preocupante problema, al que los Ingenieros de Costas dedican su actividad, en busca de soluciones que garanticen la estabilidad de la costa. Con este fin, se han venido utilizando, a lo largo del tiempo, diferentes métodos de protección, basados la mayoría en la construcción de obras marítimas, de entre las que hay que destacar los diques exentos. Los diques exentos son obras artificiales inspiradas en el funcionamiento de formaciones naturales que existen en el litoral, paralelas generalmente a la orilla, que protegen de la acción del oleaje un determinado tramo, y que son capaces de crear zonas de acreción en la costa. Es por ello que estas obras marítimas se han venido utilizando de forma generalizada desde los años setenta en países como Japón, EE.UU., Israel, España, Italia o Australia. El estudio llevado a cabo para la realización de esta Tesis Doctoral se centra precisamente en este tipo de obras marítimas, y se plantea como objetivo principal el desarrollo de un método de diseño funcional y ambiental (no estructural) que permita definir las características fundamentales de un dique exento en función del efecto que se quiera inducir en la costa, satisfaciendo las demandas sociales y preservando o mejorando la calidad del medio ambiente litoral. Además, se busca la aplicabilidad general del método, mediante la consideración de relaciones entre variables de distinta naturaleza (climáticas, geomorfológicas y geométricas) que influyen en los cambios de la costa tras la construcción del dique exento. El estudio de las relaciones entre las distintas variables se realiza sobre los datos de una base de diecinueve diques exentos reales, existentes en el litoral mediterráneo español, y siguiendo una metodología basada en el planteamiento de algunos monomios adimensionales y en la búsqueda de relaciones de dependencia entre ellos. Finalmente, la discusión de los resultados obtenidos conduce a la propuesta de un método de diseño de diques exentos, que considera algunas de las relaciones gráficas encontradas entre las variables estudiadas y con el que se consigue el objetivo principal anteriormente expuesto. ABSTRACT The coast is a narrow strip subjected to large imbalances. At many points, it is in a profound state of regression as a consequence of many, varied causes: wave action, tides and currents; maritime constructions interrupting sediment transportation; mean sea level rise; development of coastal areas and massive town planning in the active area of beaches, etc. All these reasons lead to the erosion of a large number of beaches and their environmental and landscape degradation. This precarious coastline situation today constitutes a serious problem of great concern. Coastal Engineers, aware of the generalised beach erosion problem, are focusing their work seeking solutions to guarantee coastal stability. Different methods of protection have been used throughout time mostly based on artificial beach nourishment and the building of structures, amongst which detached breakwaters play a major role. Detached breakwaters are artificial structures, inspired on the coastal natural formations. These structures are generally parallel to the coastline, protecting a certain stretch from wave action and being able to create accretion areas. This is why detached breakwaters have been in general use since the 1970s, with different results, in countries such as Japan, the USA, Israel, Spain, Italy or Australia. The study undertaken for this thesis focuses precisely on this type of maritime structure, with the main purpose of developing a functional and environmental design method (not structural) which let us define the most fundamental characteristics of a detached breakwater, based on the effects that we want to produce on the shoreline, satisfying social requests and preserving or improving the quality of the coastal environment. Moreover, the research looks for the general application of the method, considering relationships among different kind of variables (climatic, geomorphologic and geometrical) with influence on the changes that the coast undergo after the detached breakwater construction. The study among the different variables is carried out with a database of nineteen real cases on the Mediterranean Spanish coastline, following a methodology based on the identifying of some non-dimensional monomials and the search of dependency rates among them. Finally, the discussion of the obtained results leads to the proposal of a detached breakwater design method, which takes into account graphic relationships founded out among the studied variables, and achieving the previously exposed main objective