84 research outputs found
HRVATSKI Å PORTSKOMEDICINSKI VJESNIK ā 30 GODINA IZLAŽENJA
HRVATSKI Å PORTSKOMEDICINSKI VJESNIK ā 30 GODINA IZLAŽENJ
Profil vlastitog doživljaja sebe kod adolescenata s oÅ”teÄenjem vida u RH
The American psychologist Harter developed a few
scales to evaluate the self-concept. Starting point in
her method are multidimensionality and the increasing
differentiation in the competence fields according to age.
A Croatian translation of Harterās questionnaire āThe
Self Perception Profile for Adolescentsā (SPPA) was used
in 30 visually impaired (B2 classification) adolescents.
Reliability, in terms of internal consistency was evaluated
and the results were compared to those of foreign studies
with the sighted adolescent population.
Differences between the results of boys and girls were
discussed, and differences between profiles of a visually
impaired adolescents and their normally sighted peers. Also,
the differences between cultures can be detected because
the questionnaire was used in several international studies.
The aim of this study was to construct a Croatian
version of the Self-Perception Profile for Adolescents
(SPPA) with visual impairment. The research focuses on
the reliability and validity of the Croatian version. The
presented research investigated the reliability and validity
of a Perceived Competence Scale based on the American
(Harterās) original ā SPPA. It was established to assess the
adolescentās perception on school, social, athletic, physical,
job, romantic, behavior, close friendship and global selfworth
domains. The subjects (N=30) were tested twice in
order to investigate the stability between test and retest.
The results indicate high test-retest correlations and high
internal reliabilities. The correlations among subscales were
moderate good.
It is concluded that SPPA is a reliable and valid
instrument for determining the perception of adolescents
on all domains mentioned above. Further research is needed to make the construct of
competence more useful for visually impaired adolescents,
because the feeling of competence will encourage the
adolescent to learn new skills.AmeriÄka psihologinja Harter je osmislila nekoliko
skala kako bi procijenila samopoimanje pojedinca. Polazna
toÄka u njezinoj metodi je viÅ”edimenzionalnost i poveÄanje
diferencijacije u podruÄjima kompetentnosti u skladu s dobi
ispitanika.
Upitnik Susan Harter,āThe Self Perception Profile for
Adolescentsā (SPPA), preveden je na hrvatski i koriÅ”ten
na uzorku od 30 slijepih i slabovidnih (B2 klasifikacija)
adolescenata. Pouzdanost, u smislu unutarnje konzistencije
je procijenjena, a rezultati su usporeÄeni s rezultatima
inozemnih studijama provedenih na uzorku adolescenata
bez problema s vidom.
Raspravljalo se o uoÄenim razlikama izmeÄu rezultata
djeÄaka i djevojÄica i razlike izmeÄu profilia slabovidnih
adolescenata i njihovih vrŔnjaka bez problema s vidom .
TakoÄer, uoÄene su i kulturoloÅ”ke razlike izmeÄu, s obzirom
da je upitnik bio koriÅ”ten i u nekoliko meÄunarodnih studija.
Cilj ovog rada bio je izraditi hrvatsku verziju
upitnika za izradu profila za adolescente s oÅ”teÄenjem
vida, na temelju samoprocjene (SPPA). Istraživanje se
fokusira na utvrÄivanje pouzdanosti i valjanosti hrvatske
verzije upitnika. Ovo istraživanje je ispitalo pouzdanost
i valjanost skale percepcije osobnih kompetencija
(Perceived Competence Scale) temeljene na originalnom
ameriÄkom upitniku (SPPA). Upitnikom je procijenjena
percepcija adolescenata o sljedeÄim podruÄjima: Å”kolska
domena, socijalna domena, sport, fiziÄka domena,
posao, romantiÄna domena, blisko prijateljstvo i opÄe
samopoŔtovanje. Ispitanici (N = 30) su testirani dva
puta kako bi se istražila stabilnost izmeÄu testa i retest.
Rezultati ukazuju na visoku test-retest povezanost i visoku
pouzdanost. Povezanost izmeÄu subskala je umjereno dobra. ZakljuÄeno je da SPPA pouzdan i valjan instrument za
utvrÄivanje osobne percepcije adolescenata u svim gore
navedenim podruÄjima.
Daljnja istraživanja su neophodna kako bi se izradio
Å”to korisniji instrument za utvrÄivanje percepcije slijepih i
slabovidnih adolescenata, jer osjeÄaj veÄe kompetencije Äe
biti poticaj adolescentima da nauÄe nove vjeÅ”tine
Vlijanie morfologiÄeskih harakeritik na uspevaemost\u27 v basketbole
MorfoloÅ”ke karakteristike znaÄajno utjeÄu na uspjeÅ”nost mladih koÅ”arkaÅ”a u pojedinim segmentima igre, tako i u igri u cjelini. Zbog same strukture igre, uspjeh igraÄa u igri bazirat Äe se prvenstveno na kvalitetnoj muskulaturi tijela, a zatim na nekim karakteristikama longitudinalne i transverzalne dimenzionalnosti skeleta - visina tijela, dužini ruke i Å”irini Å”ake. Uloga masnog tkiva zanemarljiva je u ovom uzrastu koÅ”arkaÅ”a.The investigation carried out on a sample of 115 young basketball players had as its aim to establish achievement in various phases of the game, in defence and attack, as well as the efficiency throughout the duration of the match.
The measures of anthropometric features were selected in such way as to represent each latent morphological dimension by three variables. In order to assess the longitudinal dimensions of the skeleton, height of the body, length of arms and legs were measured. The width of the fist, knee diameter helped to assess the transversal dimensions of the skeleton whereas the body weight, circumference of the upper arm and thigh gave data as to volume and mass of the body. Furthermore, the assessment of fat tissue depended upon the measurements of fold on the upper arm, back and lower leg.
The effect of anthropometric variables upon the game parameters was established through application of regression analysis. A significant correlation was obtained between the morphological characteristics of young basketball players and their achievement in both the various segments of the game and the game as a whole. First of all, successful attack and defence in the game is related to the mass and volume of the body (the muscle mass). A whole series of defence and attack actions requiring good realization of simple and complex motor tasks rest upon optimally developed musculature even in young players. Furthermore, the efficiency and success are significantly positively related to the longitudinal dimensions of the skeleton, i. e. height, length of arms and legs. Bearing in min basic aims of the game these results are more expected and they have been confirmed in earlier studies.
A significant correlation between the measures of transversal dimensionality of the skeleton and achievement in the game is particularly expressed by the correlation coefficient of the width of the fist and success in defence (.49), attack (.46) and efficiency throughout the game (.47).
Considering the results, this morphological characteristic is undoubtedly essential for the achievement of players in the game, very likely because every manipulation of the ball during attack is closely related to the fist, partly due to the size of the ball and also because every manipulation of the ball during attack is closely related to the fist, partly due to the size of the ball and also because efficient defence relies greatly u on arm activity and, particularly, upon the most extreme part of the arm, fist.
Viewed as a whole, the results lead to a conclusion that is irrelevant which part of the game is being assessed so long as we observe the relation between morphological characteristics and achievement in the game. Namely, the same morphological characteristics are equally important in attack, defence and game as a whole
Projekt: Znanje o prehrani i prehrambene navike sportaŔa
Prehrana sportaÅ”a interes je znanstvenika veÄ desetljeÄima, od kada postoje takmiÄenja prisutno je pitanje Å”to jesti i piti da bi se poboljÅ”ao rezultat. Danas sigurno znamo da prehrana sportaÅ”a utjeÄe na njegovo zdravlje, sastav tijela i masu, iskoristivost energenata za vrijeme aktivnosti, oporavak i igru. Ā Sport postavlja velike zahtjeve na sportaÅ”e. Trenira se Å”est dana u tjednu, ponekad i dva puta dnevno, a tome se u natjecateljskoj sezoni prikljuÄuju i utakmice jednom ili dva puta tjedno. VeÄina vrhunskih sportaÅ”a je aktivna tijekom cijele godine, s kratkotrajnim periodima odmora. Trenažna optereÄenja naravno variraju vezano uz razliÄite dijelove sezone. GledajuÄi s energetske osnove, znaÄajni se zahtjevi postavljaju na anaerobni energetski sustav ili aerobni, ovisno o sportskoj disciplini. Kako bi sportaÅ”i zadovoljili svoje energetske potrebe te takoÄer osigurali adekvatne koliÄine hranjivih tvari za izgradnju organizma, adekvatna prehrana jedna je od neobiÄno znaÄajnih sastavnica sveukupnog trenažnog procesa. Prehrana, bolje reÄeno edukacija o prehrani trebala bi biti sastavni dio treninga. LoÅ”a prehrana jednako kao i loÅ” trening može uvjetovati nazadovanje u sportskom rezultatu. Ovdje su posebno vulnerabilne sportaÅ”ice koje su riziÄnija grupa jer imaju veÄe moguÄnosti za razvoj komplikacija i ozljeda koje su vezane za velika tjelesna optereÄenja uz loÅ”e prehrambene navike (Bass i sur, 2001; Benardot, 1996; Cupisti i sur, 2002)
Znanje o prehrani i prehrambene navike sportaŔa
Prehrana sportaÅ”a interes je znanstvenika veÄ desetljeÄima, od kada postoje takmiÄenja prisutno je pitanje Å”to jesti i piti da bi se poboljÅ”ao rezultat. Danas sigurno znamo da prehrana sportaÅ”a utjeÄe na njegovo zdravlje, sastav tijela i masu, iskoristivost energenata za vrijeme aktivnosti, oporavak i igru
Vrijednost aplikativnih metoda motoriÄkog uÄenja u radu s koÅ”arkaÅ”kim poÄetnicima
The aim of this study was to identify the efficacy of three different teaching methods existing in contemporary sport: the analytical, synthetic and situational methods. The sample of subjects comprised 90 boys, 9 ā 10 years of age, who were beginners in basketball. A six-month program was implemented that, regarding the groups analyzed, varied only according to the selection of the motor teaching methods. The assessment of the effects of certain methods was carried out through the analysis of the development of the basic elements of basketball technique. The effects of the program were analyzed using the variance analysis. The kinesiological influence that the subjects were exposed to led to significant changes, regardless of the teaching method, in most of the applied tests for the assessment of the basic motor abilities and the specific motor skills. The biggest effects were initiated by the synthetic teaching method; the analytical method proved to be the most successful one in the most demanding elements, whereas the positive effects of the situational teaching method were manifested the least.Cilj je ovog istraživanja bio utvrditi djelotvornost metoda uÄenja ā analitiÄke, sintetiÄke, situacijske, u poduci koÅ”arkaÅ”ke igre. Uzorak ispitanika Äinilo je 90 djeÄaka uzrasta od 9 do 10 godina, koÅ”arkaÅ”kih poÄetnika. Proveden je Å”estomjeseÄni program rada koji se razlikovao jedino prema navedenim metodama uÄenja izmeÄu odabranih podskupina. Procjena efekata pojedinih metoda uÄenja provedena je uvidom u razvoj specifiÄnih motoriÄkih znanja ā temeljnih elemenata koÅ”arkaÅ”ke tehnike i uspjeÅ”nosti u igri. UÄinci programa analizirani su jednosmjernom analizom varijance.
KinezioloÅ”ki program kojemu su bili podvrgnuti ispitanici ukljuÄivao je tri koÅ”arkaÅ”ka treninga tjedno i nastavu tjelesne i zdravstvene kulture. Tijekom trajanja programa doÅ”lo je do znaÄajnih pozitivnih promjena, neovisno o metodi uÄenja u svim testovima za procjenu specifiÄnih motoriÄkih znanja. NajveÄi pomaci kako kod veÄine elemenata koÅ”arkaÅ”ke tehnike tako i kod uspjeÅ”nosti u igri uoÄljivi su uvidom u rezultate grupe koja je trenirala sintetiÄkom metodom uÄenja. AnalitiÄka metoda pokazala se najprimjenjivijom kod usvajanja složenijih elemenata osnovne koÅ”arkaÅ”ke tehnike, dok su pozitivni efekti situacijske metode bili najmanje izraženi. Prema dobivenim rezultatima i provedenoj analizi može se zakljuÄiti da je za populaciju djece, koÅ”arkaÅ”kih poÄetnika, u procesu uÄenja koÅ”arkaÅ”ke igre najprimjenjivija sintetiÄka metoda, dok bi se analitiÄka metoda trebala primjenjivati u procesu uÄenja strukturalno složenih elemenata
CHANGES OF RESPIRATORY EXCHANGE RATIO IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS: A LONGITUDINAL STUDY
We conducted a longitudinal study to examine changes in the respiratory exchange ratio (RER) during progressively increasing body exertion in children and adolescents of female sex. In this analysis we only included 23 examinees for whom we had all yearly measurements from examinee\u27s age 9 years until 18 years of age.
The data were analyzed according to the chronological and biological age. According to both criteria, the highest RER values were recorded at moments of maximum exertion and they did not increase with age. We found the highest RER values were in the year of the menarche.
We interpret these results as related to the effect of estrogen. The beginning of sexual development involves a gradual increase in estrogen plasma concentrations. At one point serum levels of estrogen reach a level high enough to allow for maximum RER values, i.e. causing the optimium anaerobic capacity of the examinee. this threshold estrogen value varies between individuals
Einfluss der physischen AktivitƤten auf die Entwicklung der basisch - motorischen FƤhigkeiten bei den jungen
Studija je provedena s ciljem da se utvrde razlike izmeÄu baziÄnih motoriÄkih sposobnosti djeÄaka, koji su pohaÄali redovnu nastavu tjelesnog odgoja, i djeÄaka koji su uz tjelesni odgoj redovito trenirali koÅ”arku u okviru koÅ”arkaÅ”kih pionirskih Å”kola. BaziÄne motoriÄke sposobnosti testirane su putem 9 standardnih testova na poÄetku Å”kolske godine i nakon Å”est mjeseci. Rezultati analize varijance pokazali su da su obje grupe statistiÄki znaÄajno poboljÅ”ale baziÄne motoriÄke sposobnosti u periodu od Å”est mjeseci. Eksperimentalna grupa pionira koÅ”arkaÅ”a imala je bolje rezultate u veÄini testova u prvom, kao i u drugom mjerenju. Eksperimentalna grupa ostvarila je znaÄajno veÄa, poboljÅ”anja u testovima koordinacije i frekvencije pokreta.This study contrasted the basic motor abilities of twelve-year-old boys who participated in a regular elementary school physical education curriculum with those who participated in a regular elementary school physical education curriculum with the addition of basketball training three times a week. Motor abilities were tested with 9 standard tests at the beginning of the school year and after six months. The results of the variance analysis have shown that both groups significantly improved their basic motor abilities within the six monthās period. The experimental group that had a basketball training added to their physical education curriculum had better results in almost all tests in the first and in the second testing. The experimental group had made significantly greater improvements on the tests of co-ordination and frequency of movements.Das Ziel dieser Forschung war die Feststellung der Unterschiede bei den basisch-motorischen FƤhigkeiten der Jungen, die regelmƤĆig nur dem Sportunterricht beiwohnten, im Gegensatz zu denen, die neben dem normalen Unterricht noch regelmƤĆig Basketball im Rahmen einer Kindersportschule fĆ¼r Basketball trainierten. Die basisch-motorischen FƤhigkeiten wurden am Anfang des Schuljahres durch neun Standardtests geprĆ¼ft und noch einmal nach 6 Monaten. Die Resultate der Varianzanalyse haben gezeigt, dass beide Gruppen Statistisch bedeutend ihre basisch-motorischen FƤhigkeiten innerhalb von 6 Monaten verbessert haben. Die Experimentalgruppe des Basketballnachwuchs hatte bessere Resultate in meisten Tests erreicht, sowohl bei der ersten als auch bei der zweiten Messung. Die Experimentalgruppe zeigte bedeutenderen Fortschritt in der Koordination und in der Bewegungsfrequenz
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