Moisture sorption isotherms and thermodynamic properties of Asteriscus graveolens leaves

Asteriscus graveolens is a medicinal and aromatic plant which has been used to treat several diseases.Moisture equilibrium data of the plant leaves were determined by using the gravimetric static method at 30°C, 40°C, and 50°C for water activity

Characterization of volatile compounds of Daucus crinitus Desf. Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction as alternative technique to Hydrodistillation

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Traditionally, the essential oil of aromatic herbs is obtained using hydrodistillation (HD). Because the emitted volatile fraction plays a fundamental role in a plant's life, various novel techniques have been developed for its extraction from plants. Among these, headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) can be used to obtain a rapid fingerprint of a plant's headspace. <it>Daucus crinitus </it>Desf. is a wild plant that grows along the west coast of Algeria. Only a single study has dealt with the chemical composition of the aerial part oils of Algerian <it>D. crinitus</it>, in which isochavicol isobutyrate (39.0%), octyl acetate (12.3%), and β-caryophyllene (5.4%) were identified. Using GC-RI and GC-MS analysis, the essential oils and the volatiles extracted from separated organs of <it>D. crinitus </it>Desf. were studied using HS-SPME.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>GC-RI and GC-MS analysis identified 72 and 79 components in oils extracted using HD and in the volatile fractions extracted using SPME, respectively. Two types of essential oils were produced by the plant: the root oils had aliphatic compounds as the main component (87.0%-90.1%), and the aerial part oils had phenylpropanoids as the main component (43.1%-88.6%). HS-SPME analysis showed a more precise distribution of compounds in the organs studied: oxygenated aliphatic compounds were well represented in the roots (44.3%-84.0%), hydrocarbon aliphatic compounds were in the leaves and stems (22.2%-87.9%), and phenylpropanoids were in the flowers and umbels (47.9%-64.2%). Moreover, HS-SPME allowed the occurrence of isochavicol (29.6 - 34.7%) as main component in <it>D. crinitus </it>leaves, but it was not detected in the oils, probably because of its solubility in water.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This study demonstrates that HD and HS-SPME modes could be complimentary extraction techniques in order to obtain the complete characterization of plant volatiles.</p

Preparation de synthons lactoniques par reaction de Diels-Alder

SIGLECNRS T Bordereau / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueFRFranc

Conception de nouveaux antivasculaires antitumoraux à partir de modèles naturels (synthèse et évaluation biologique)

Lors de son développement, une tumeur ne peut survivre sans passer par une étape invasive afin de subvenir à ses besoins en nutriment et en oxygène. Cette étape, appelé angiogenèse tumorale, conduit à la formation de vaisseaux sanguins dits tumoraux , différents des vaisseaux sanguins normaux. Afin de stopper la croissance de la tumeur, il est possible de détruire les vaisseaux sanguins tumoraux formés pendant l angiogenèse tumorale grâce à des molécules antivasculaires. Ces molécules vont désorganiser la structure du vaisseau et diminuer le flux sanguin au sein de la tumeur pour mener à la nécrose de cette dernière. Parmi ces molécules antivasculaires, la prodrogue phosphate de la combrétastatine A-4 naturelle (CA-4) est le composé actuellement le plus efficace en développement clinique de phase III contre le cancer de la thyroïde. L objectif de ce travail de thèse a été d étudier des nouveaux analogues contraints d aroylindoles et des dérivés de chromène. La série préparée comportera donc la partie triméthoxyphénylique commune à la plupart de ces dérivés, en particulier aux 3-aroylindoles, à savoir des pyrrolo [3,4-a] carbazolediones, et le motif privilégié 2,2-diméthylchromène. Nous avons enfin réalisé l étude systématique des activités biologiques des molécules synthétisées en déterminant leur cytotoxicité sur mélanome B16, leur aptitude à inhiber la polymérisation de la tubuline et à modifier la morphologie de cellules EA hy926.Pas de résumé en anglaisPARIS5-Bibliotheque electronique (751069902) / SudocPARIS-BIUM-Bib. électronique (751069903) / SudocSudocFranceF

Mathematical Modeling of Moisture Sorption Isotherms and Determination of Isosteric Heats of Sorption of Ziziphus Leaves

Desorption and adsorption equilibrium moisture isotherms of Ziziphus spina-christi leaves were determined using the gravimetricstatic method at 30, 40, and 50 ∘ C for water activity ( ) ranging from 0.057 to 0.898. At a given , the results show that the moisture content decreases with increasing temperature. A hysteresis effect was observed. The experimental data of sorption were fitted by eight models (GAB, BET, Henderson-Thompson, modified-Chung Pfost, Halsey, Oswin, Peleg, and Adam and Shove). After evaluating the models according to several criteria, the Peleg and Oswin models were found to be the most suitable for describing the sorption curves. The net isosteric heats of desorption and adsorption of Ziziphus spina-christi leaves were calculated by applying the Clausius-Clapeyron equation to the sorption isotherms and an expression for predicting these thermodynamic properties was given

Mathematical Modeling of Moisture Sorption Isotherms and Determination of Isosteric Heats of Sorption of Ziziphus Leaves

Desorption and adsorption equilibrium moisture isotherms of Ziziphus spina-christi leaves were determined using the gravimetric-static method at 30, 40, and 50°C for water activity (aw) ranging from 0.057 to 0.898. At a given aw, the results show that the moisture content decreases with increasing temperature. A hysteresis effect was observed. The experimental data of sorption were fitted by eight models (GAB, BET, Henderson-Thompson, modified-Chung Pfost, Halsey, Oswin, Peleg, and Adam and Shove). After evaluating the models according to several criteria, the Peleg and Oswin models were found to be the most suitable for describing the sorption curves. The net isosteric heats of desorption and adsorption of Ziziphus spina-christi leaves were calculated by applying the Clausius-Clapeyron equation to the sorption isotherms and an expression for predicting these thermodynamic properties was given

Essential oil from Rhaponticum acaule L. roots: Comparative study using HS-SPME/GC/GC–MS and hydrodistillation techniques

The composition of essential oil extracted from Rhaponticum acaule L. roots growing wild in Algeria was studied by hydrodistillation (HD) and by Head-Space Solid Phase Micro-Extraction (HS-SPME). Quantitative but not qualitative differences have been found in the chemical composition of both analysed samples depending on the extraction method. However, the oil obtained from R. acaule roots shows that aliphatic alcohols were found to be the major class (69.2%), followed by the terpenes (5.5%), alkenes (5.2%) and alkynes (4.0%). In both cases the analysis were carried out using Gas Chromatography (GC) and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS). Our study shows that HS-SPME extraction could be considered as an alternative technique for the isolation of volatiles from plant. 25 components were identified in oil vs. 39 in the HS-SPME. However the oil composition of roots was mainly represented by a variety of aliphatic hydrocarbons (alcohols, aldehydes and ketones) and terpenes which are known for their antimicrobial activities

Antibacterial Activity of Daucus crinitus Essential Oils along the Vegetative Life of the Plant

The essential oils from the aerial parts of Daucus crinitus Desf. were analyzed at three developmental stages (early vegetative, early flowering, and full flowering). Oil yield was found to vary depending on the stage of development, and the highest content of oil (0.15% w/w) was obtained at full flowering. The chemical composition of essential oils studied by GC and GC-MS showed a total of 71 compounds: 27 aliphatic compounds, 18 sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, 9 hydrocarbons monoterpene, 5 oxygenated monoterpenes, 5 phenolic compounds, 4 oxygenated sesquiterpenes, 2 oxygenated diterpenes, and 01 diterpene hydrocarbons. Whatever the analyzed stage, phenolic compounds were the most abundant group. Their level significantly increased during ripening and varied from 36.4 to 82.1%. Antimicrobial activities of oils were tested on four different microorganisms. The oils of various phenological stages showed high activity against Candida albicans (30 mm) and Staphylococcus aureus (11–28 mm) bacteria strains which are deemed very dangerous and very difficult to eliminate. Thus, they represent an inexpensive source of natural antibacterial substances that may potentially be used in pathogenic systems