Modern Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Control Systems

Рассмотрены современные системы автоматического управления беспилотными летательными аппаратами, их функции и недостатки. Описаны факторы, которые могут негативно повлиять на работу автопилота и их устранение.Розглянуто сучасні системи автоматичного керування безпілотними літальними апаратами, їх функції та недоліки. Висвітлено фактори, які можуть негативно вплинути на роботу автопілоту та їх усунення.The automatic control systems of the modern unmanned aerial vehicles are considered. The description of the negative factors and their influence on UAV autopilot and ways of their correction are considered

Nanostructured multielement (TiHfZrNbVTa)N coatings before and after implantation of N+ ions (1018 cm 2 ): Their structure and mechanical properties

Multielement high entropy alloy (HEA) nitride (TiHfZrNbVTa)N coatings were deposited by vacuum arc and their structural and mechanical stability after implantation of high doses of N+ ions, 1018 cm 2 , were investigated. The crystal structure and phase composition were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Transmission Electron Microscopy, while depth-resolved nanoindentation tests were used to determine the evolution of hardness and elastic modulus along the implantation depth. XRD patterns show that coatings exhibit a main phase with fcc structure, which preferred orientation varies from (1 1 1) to (2 0 0), depending on the deposition conditions. First-principles calculations reveal that the presence of Nb atoms could favor the formation of solid solution with fcc structure in multielement HEA nitride. TEM results showed that amorphous and nanostructured phases were formed in the implanted coating sub-surface layer (100 nm depth). Concentration of nitrogen reached 90 at% in the near-surface layer after implantation, and decreased at higher depth. Nanohardness of the as-deposited coatings varied from 27 to 38 GPa depending on the deposition conditions. Ion implantation led to a significant decrease of the nanohardness to 12 GPa in the implanted region, while it reaches 24 GPa at larger depths. However, the H/E ratio is P0.1 in the sub-surface layer due to N+ implantation, which is expected to have beneficial effect on the wear properties

Nanostructured multielement (TiHfZrNbVTa)N coatings before and after implantation of N+ ions (1018 cm 2 ): Their structure and mechanical properties

Multielement high entropy alloy (HEA) nitride (TiHfZrNbVTa)N coatings were deposited by vacuum arc and their structural and mechanical stability after implantation of high doses of N+ ions, 1018 cm 2 , were investigated. The crystal structure and phase composition were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Transmission Electron Microscopy, while depth-resolved nanoindentation tests were used to determine the evolution of hardness and elastic modulus along the implantation depth. XRD patterns show that coatings exhibit a main phase with fcc structure, which preferred orientation varies from (1 1 1) to (2 0 0), depending on the deposition conditions. First-principles calculations reveal that the presence of Nb atoms could favor the formation of solid solution with fcc structure in multielement HEA nitride. TEM results showed that amorphous and nanostructured phases were formed in the implanted coating sub-surface layer (100 nm depth). Concentration of nitrogen reached 90 at% in the near-surface layer after implantation, and decreased at higher depth. Nanohardness of the as-deposited coatings varied from 27 to 38 GPa depending on the deposition conditions. Ion implantation led to a significant decrease of the nanohardness to 12 GPa in the implanted region, while it reaches 24 GPa at larger depths. However, the H/E ratio is P0.1 in the sub-surface layer due to N+ implantation, which is expected to have beneficial effect on the wear properties