313 research outputs found

    TA3 Pubic Symphysis Data

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    Objectives We estimate adult age distributions from Unar 1 and Unar 2, two late Umm an-Nar (2400-2100 BCE) tombs in the modern-day Emirate of Ras al-Khaimah, United Arab Emirates. These collective tombseach contained hundreds of skeletons in commingled, fragmented, and variably cremated states. Previous studies placed the vast majority of this mortuary community in a generalized “adult” category, as have most analyses of similar tombs from this period. We sought to test how adult age estimation methods compare in identifying young, middle, and old age individuals in commingled assemblages. Materials and Methods We employed Transition Analysis 3 (TA3) and traditional age estimation methods to generate adult age distributions for each tomb. We compared these distributions between tomb contexts as well as by method. Results Unar 1 and Unar 2 had similar adult age distributions within each method, but TA3 age distributions included significantly more middle and older adult individuals than those generated by traditional methods. Discussion These results support findings of earlier iterations of Transition Analysis in regard to sensitivity in old adult age estimation, compared to traditional methods. Our findings indicate a potential use of TA3 in reconstructing age distributions and mortality profiles in commingled skeletal assemblages. Increasing our understanding of everyday life in the distant past necessitates better understandings of adult age, and here, we illustrate how age estimation method choice significantly changes bioarchaeological interpretations of aging in Bronze Age Arabia

    TA3 Distal Humerus Data

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    Objectives We estimate adult age distributions from Unar 1 and Unar 2, two late Umm an-Nar (2400-2100 BCE) tombs in the modern-day Emirate of Ras al-Khaimah, United Arab Emirates. These collective tombseach contained hundreds of skeletons in commingled, fragmented, and variably cremated states. Previous studies placed the vast majority of this mortuary community in a generalized “adult” category, as have most analyses of similar tombs from this period. We sought to test how adult age estimation methods compare in identifying young, middle, and old age individuals in commingled assemblages. Materials and Methods We employed Transition Analysis 3 (TA3) and traditional age estimation methods to generate adult age distributions for each tomb. We compared these distributions between tomb contexts as well as by method. Results Unar 1 and Unar 2 had similar adult age distributions within each method, but TA3 age distributions included significantly more middle and older adult individuals than those generated by traditional methods. Discussion These results support findings of earlier iterations of Transition Analysis in regard to sensitivity in old adult age estimation, compared to traditional methods. Our findings indicate a potential use of TA3 in reconstructing age distributions and mortality profiles in commingled skeletal assemblages. Increasing our understanding of everyday life in the distant past necessitates better understandings of adult age, and here, we illustrate how age estimation method choice significantly changes bioarchaeological interpretations of aging in Bronze Age Arabia

    TA3 Proximal Humerus Data

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    Objectives We estimate adult age distributions from Unar 1 and Unar 2, two late Umm an-Nar (2400-2100 BCE) tombs in the modern-day Emirate of Ras al-Khaimah, United Arab Emirates. These collective tombseach contained hundreds of skeletons in commingled, fragmented, and variably cremated states. Previous studies placed the vast majority of this mortuary community in a generalized “adult” category, as have most analyses of similar tombs from this period. We sought to test how adult age estimation methods compare in identifying young, middle, and old age individuals in commingled assemblages. Materials and Methods We employed Transition Analysis 3 (TA3) and traditional age estimation methods to generate adult age distributions for each tomb. We compared these distributions between tomb contexts as well as by method. Results Unar 1 and Unar 2 had similar adult age distributions within each method, but TA3 age distributions included significantly more middle and older adult individuals than those generated by traditional methods. Discussion These results support findings of earlier iterations of Transition Analysis in regard to sensitivity in old adult age estimation, compared to traditional methods. Our findings indicate a potential use of TA3 in reconstructing age distributions and mortality profiles in commingled skeletal assemblages. Increasing our understanding of everyday life in the distant past necessitates better understandings of adult age, and here, we illustrate how age estimation method choice significantly changes bioarchaeological interpretations of aging in Bronze Age Arabia

    TA3 Femora Data

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    Objectives We estimate adult age distributions from Unar 1 and Unar 2, two late Umm an-Nar (2400-2100 BCE) tombs in the modern-day Emirate of Ras al-Khaimah, United Arab Emirates. These collective tombseach contained hundreds of skeletons in commingled, fragmented, and variably cremated states. Previous studies placed the vast majority of this mortuary community in a generalized “adult” category, as have most analyses of similar tombs from this period. We sought to test how adult age estimation methods compare in identifying young, middle, and old age individuals in commingled assemblages. Materials and Methods We employed Transition Analysis 3 (TA3) and traditional age estimation methods to generate adult age distributions for each tomb. We compared these distributions between tomb contexts as well as by method. Results Unar 1 and Unar 2 had similar adult age distributions within each method, but TA3 age distributions included significantly more middle and older adult individuals than those generated by traditional methods. Discussion These results support findings of earlier iterations of Transition Analysis in regard to sensitivity in old adult age estimation, compared to traditional methods. Our findings indicate a potential use of TA3 in reconstructing age distributions and mortality profiles in commingled skeletal assemblages. Increasing our understanding of everyday life in the distant past necessitates better understandings of adult age, and here, we illustrate how age estimation method choice significantly changes bioarchaeological interpretations of aging in Bronze Age Arabia

    A Transition from Tradition: Employing TA3 and Traditional Age & Sex Estimation Methods to Study Paleodemography in Umm an-Nar Arabia

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    Background: Transition Analysis 3 (TA3) has enormous potential for the study of commingled skeletal material. Previous demographic analyses on commingled remains from Umm an-Nar (2700-2000 BCE) tombs Unar 1 and Unar 2 at the site of Shimal (Ras al-Khaimah, UAE) placed the majority of individuals in a generalized “adult” category using dental eruption. We hypothesized that we would identify more older adults (50+) in both tombs using TA3, and that more would be found in Unar 2, prior to the intensification of agriculture and regional aridification. Methods: Commingled and fragmentary skeletal fragments (pubic symphyses (n=51), humeri (n=85), femora (n=194)) were sorted and scored if two features were present for TA3 software to estimate age. Age was also estimated using the Suchey-Brooks with Hartnett adaptation. Results: Proximal and distal humeri delivered average age estimates of 42.7 and 47.8 years, respectively, while mean age-at-death for the femur was 47.8 years and for the pubic symphysis was 40.4 years. Conversely, Suchey-Brooks estimates from the same pubic symphyses gave an average of approximately 31 years. There were no statistically significant age distribution differences in older adults between the two tombs using TA3. Conclusion: We found that at least some individuals in these communities lived into old age, suggesting that despite the intensification of agriculture, aridification, and other major social changes happening during the third millennium BCE, community structure remained resilient, and that living to older ages was possible for those interred in both tombs. Funding Statement: This research has been funded through the National Science Foundation Research Experiences for Undergraduates Program (Award #1852426).https://jagworks.southalabama.edu/present_yr2/1000/thumbnail.jp

    Association of Pain Centralization and Patient‐Reported Pain in Active Rheumatoid Arthritis

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    Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/156205/2/acr23994_am.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/156205/1/acr23994.pd

    Age and Inclusivity in Umm an-Nar Communal Tombs from Southeastern Arabia

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    Umm an-Nar (2700-2000 BCE) tombs in the United Arab Emirates contained the commingled remains of hundreds of individuals interred across multiple generations. Archaeologists commonly reference tomb demographics as being inclusive of all ages, but this assumption is based on a handful of studies that rarely distinguish age categories beyond “subadult” or “adult.” An undergraduate research training program sought to examine age distributions – and thus inclusivity in tomb membership – in greater detail, with a particular focus on fetal and older adult age categories. A combination of traditional and novel aging techniques were applied to bones from tombs Unar 1 (U1; MNI = 194) and 2 (U2; MNI = 410) at Shimal. Transition Analysis 3 scores for the femur, humerus, and pubic symphysis revealed older age categories not previously recognized in the region, with means ranging from 40.4-47.8 years, contrasting with an average of 31 years produced by Suchey-Brooks. Measurements identified fetuses and perinates in both tombs using the basilar (U1: 5; U2: 10), petrous (U1 left: 29; U2 right: 33), and distal femur (U1 left: 5; U2 left: 11), some as young as 20-22 fetal weeks. MicroCT scans of suspected fetal humeri (U1: 10; U2: 14) revealed a lack of bioerosion, confirming that stillborn infants were permitted access to tombs. These data substantiate the presence of very young and older adults in both tombs, and demonstrate that despite subsistence and environmental changes tied to increasing social stratification during this period, no age group was separated from the larger community in death.https://jagworks.southalabama.edu/present_yr2/1003/thumbnail.jp

    U2.31.137_TA3 06.22.21 Dist. Humerus.ta3

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    Objectives We estimate adult age distributions from Unar 1 and Unar 2, two late Umm an-Nar (2400-2100 BCE) tombs in the modern-day Emirate of Ras al-Khaimah, United Arab Emirates. These collective tombseach contained hundreds of skeletons in commingled, fragmented, and variably cremated states. Previous studies placed the vast majority of this mortuary community in a generalized “adult” category, as have most analyses of similar tombs from this period. We sought to test how adult age estimation methods compare in identifying young, middle, and old age individuals in commingled assemblages. Materials and Methods We employed Transition Analysis 3 (TA3) and traditional age estimation methods to generate adult age distributions for each tomb. We compared these distributions between tomb contexts as well as by method. Results Unar 1 and Unar 2 had similar adult age distributions within each method, but TA3 age distributions included significantly more middle and older adult individuals than those generated by traditional methods. Discussion These results support findings of earlier iterations of Transition Analysis in regard to sensitivity in old adult age estimation, compared to traditional methods. Our findings indicate a potential use of TA3 in reconstructing age distributions and mortality profiles in commingled skeletal assemblages. Increasing our understanding of everyday life in the distant past necessitates better understandings of adult age, and here, we illustrate how age estimation method choice significantly changes bioarchaeological interpretations of aging in Bronze Age Arabia

    U2.37.143_TA3 06.24.21 PS.ta3

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    Objectives We estimate adult age distributions from Unar 1 and Unar 2, two late Umm an-Nar (2400-2100 BCE) tombs in the modern-day Emirate of Ras al-Khaimah, United Arab Emirates. These collective tombseach contained hundreds of skeletons in commingled, fragmented, and variably cremated states. Previous studies placed the vast majority of this mortuary community in a generalized “adult” category, as have most analyses of similar tombs from this period. We sought to test how adult age estimation methods compare in identifying young, middle, and old age individuals in commingled assemblages. Materials and Methods We employed Transition Analysis 3 (TA3) and traditional age estimation methods to generate adult age distributions for each tomb. We compared these distributions between tomb contexts as well as by method. Results Unar 1 and Unar 2 had similar adult age distributions within each method, but TA3 age distributions included significantly more middle and older adult individuals than those generated by traditional methods. Discussion These results support findings of earlier iterations of Transition Analysis in regard to sensitivity in old adult age estimation, compared to traditional methods. Our findings indicate a potential use of TA3 in reconstructing age distributions and mortality profiles in commingled skeletal assemblages. Increasing our understanding of everyday life in the distant past necessitates better understandings of adult age, and here, we illustrate how age estimation method choice significantly changes bioarchaeological interpretations of aging in Bronze Age Arabia
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