Reaction of Alpine-Borane with Aldehydes: Reactivity Rate Assessment by Observation of the Disappearance of the Carbonyl n - Pi* Peak by UV-Visible Spectroscopy

Due to an unexpectedly difficult reduction of indole-3-carbaldehyde and of isobutyraldehyde using the chiral reducing agent Alpine-Borane, the reactivity of several aliphatic, aromatic, and unsaturated aldehydes was investigated. This was done in order to determine whether there was a relationship between aldehyde structure and reduction rate. It was found that aliphatic aldehydes and aromatic aldehydes with no strongly electron-donating groups on the arene ring reduced faster than unsaturated aldehydes

One hundred years of EEG for brain and behaviour research

On the centenary of the first human EEG recording, more than 500 experts reflect on the impact that this discovery has had on our understanding of the brain and behaviour. We document their priorities and call for collective action focusing on validity, democratization and responsibility to realize the potential of EEG in science and society over the next 100 years

One hundred years of EEG for brain and behaviour research

On the centenary of the first human EEG recording, more than 500 experts reflect on the impact that this discovery has had on our understanding of the brain and behaviour. We document their priorities and call for collective action focusing on validity, democratization and responsibility to realize the potential of EEG in science and society over the next 100 years

Synthesis of amino acid derivatives via vinylalumination and hydroboration

The addition of a vinylaluminum species across aldehydes or imines to afford the corresponding allylic alcohols or amines is termed as vinylalumination. This reaction allows the inclusion of several functional groups on the vinyl moiety for the convenient synthesis of functionalized allyl alcohols and amines. For example, vinylalumination has been used for the preparation of α-alkylidene-β-hydroxy esters. Due to its shorter reaction time, compatibility with fluorocarbonyls, and accommodation of β-substitution, it can be considered a superior alternative to the Baylis-Hillman reaction. Hydroalumination of ethyl-2-butynoate followed by reaction with aldehydes provides exclusively Z-crotonates. Addition of LDA to the reaction followed by quenching with a bulky proton source provides the E-crotonates in one pot. Further application has been demonstrated by the addition of the aluminate intermediate to aldehydes and ketones to furnish 1,5-diols. Conversion of vinylalumination alcohols to acetates, followed by SN2\u27 reaction with a variety of nucleophiles gives substituted α,β-unsaturated esters. A series of GABA-uptake inhibitor analogs were prepared by the nucleophilic attack of a chiral allylic amine onto vinylalumination acetates, followed by protection and ring-closing metathesis. The SN2\u27 tandem conjugate addition-elimination by the Schiff base of benzophenone tert-butyl ester onto vinylalumination acetates using a chiral phase-transfer catalyst gives 4-alkylidenyl glutamic acid derivatives. Hydroboration of fluorostyrenes with BH2I·SMe2 followed by oxidation or amination selectively afforded the corresponding primary alcohols and amines, respectively. Conversion of the intermediate borane to the 9-BBN derivative, followed by boron alkylation of a Schiff base cation equivalent provided fluoroamino acid derivatives

One hundred years of EEG for brain and behaviour research

RCUK | Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council https://doi.org/10.13039/501100000268DH | National Institute for Health Research https://doi.org/10.13039/501100000272Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft https://doi.org/10.13039/501100001659University of Electronic Science and Technology of China https://doi.org/10.13039/501100005408Chengdu Science and Technology Bureau https://doi.org/10.13039/501100010822Fondation Brain Canada https://doi.org/10.13039/10000940

#EEGManyLabs: Investigating the Replicability of Influential EEG Experiments

There is growing awareness across the neuroscience community that the replicability of findings on the relationship between brain activity and cognitive phenomena can be improved by conducting studies with high statistical power that adhere to well-defined and standardized analysis pipelines. Inspired by efforts from the psychological sciences, and with the desire to examine some of the foundational findings using electroencephalography (EEG), we have launched #EEGManyLabs, a large-scale international collaborative replication effort. Since its discovery in the early 20th century, EEG has had a profound influence on our understanding of human cognition, but there is limited evidence on the replicability of some of the most highly cited discoveries. After a systematic search and selection process, we have identified 27 of the most influential and continually cited studies in the field. We plan to directly test the replicability of key findings from 20 of these studies in teams of at least three independent laboratories. The design and protocol of each replication effort will be submitted as a Registered Report and peer-reviewed prior to data collection. Prediction markets, open to all EEG researchers, will be used as a forecasting tool to examine which findings the community expects to replicate. This project will update our confidence in some of the most influential EEG findings and generate a large open access database that can be used to inform future research practices. Finally, through this international effort, we hope to create a cultural shift towards inclusive, high-powered multi-laboratory collaborations