Picking a Winner? Evidence from the Non-Manufacturing High-Tech Industry in the Blacksburg MSA

Regional scientists have developed numerous concepts and measures of economic diversity and diversification, primarily motivated by the desire to establish a relationship between diversity and economic performance. Rather than striving for a unified theory with a singular measure, this paper argues that economic developers should employ a multi-dimensional framework that combines the comparative advantages of a range of theoretical approaches. The application of locational, agglomerational and risk-reward measures to the non-manufacturing high-tech industry for the Blacksburg MSA in southwestern Virginia reveals specific policy implications and offers lessons for economic policy design.Economic Development; Industry Concentration; Dispersion; Quantitative Measures

The Transformation Problem: A Tale of Two Interpretations

Over 100 years since Marx's value theory of labour was first published, the so-called ``transformation problem'' -- deriving prices from values and providing a theory of profits as arising from surplus value -- has inspired the imagination of economists of all shades of intellectual suasion. However, while mainstream economists have by and large come to dismiss the transformation problem as a trivial technical exercise, the issue has recently received renewed attention in Marxian economic theory. This paper provides a broad historical overview of the transformation problem and specifically focuses on similarities and differences of how the transformation problem has been interpreted, why it was put to rest in mainstream economics and how it has regained prominence in Marxian economics.History of Economic Thought; Marxian Economics; Value Theory of Labour

Riding the Yield Curve: Diversification of Strategies

Riding the yield curve, the fixed-income strategy of purchasing a longer-dated security and selling before maturity, has long been a popular means to achieve excess returns compared to buying-and-holding, despite its implicit violations of market efficiency and the pure expectations hypothesis of the term structure. This paper looks at the historic excess returns of different strategies across three countries and proposes several statistical and macro-based trading rules which seem to enhance returns even more. While riding based on the Taylor Rule works well even for longer investment horizons, our empirical results indicate that, using expectations implied by Fed funds futures, excess returns can only be increased over short horizons. Furthermore, we demonstrate that duration-neutral strategies are superior to standard riding on a risk- adjusted basis. Overall, our evidence stands in contrast to the pure expectations hypothesis and points to the existence of risk premia which may be exploited consistently.Term Structure, Interest Rates, Market Efficiency, Taylor Rule