CYTOMORPHOLOGICAL DETECTION OF MALIGNANT EFFUSIONS IN NON-HODGKIN LYMPHOMA: AN INSTITUTIONAL EXPERIENCE IN A DEVELOPING COUNTRY

Objective: Lymphomatous effusions of the body cavity may be the presenting feature or develop later as a complication of systemic disease. The detection rate of lymphoma in cytologic specimen is low, especially in the absence of clinical details and ancillary studies. The present study was carried out to identify light microscopic features that are useful in identifying lymphomas on effusion cytology. Methods: A 5-year retrospective study of all patients with fluid cytology or tissue biopsy reported as suspicious or positive for non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in a tertiary care was done. The cytology, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry slides were reviewed. Results: A total of 27 cases were included in the study. Correlation with the histopathological sections of all the positive cases revealed that the cytomorphology of the abnormal lymphoid cells was monomorphous and similar to those seen in the tissue biopsy. Mercury drop karyorrhexis when present was characteristic of lymphomatous effusions. The detection rates of large cell lymphomas are higher than low-grade counterparts. Non-lymphomatous effusions showed heterogeneous lymphoid cell population and lacked karyorrhexis. Conclusion: Lymphomas can give rise to effusions. In the absence of resources in developing countries, it is important to distinguish lymphomatous effusion from a reactive process based on morphology. Monomorphous population of the lymphoid cells and presence of mercury drop karyorrhexis are useful morphological clues in identifying a lymphomatous effusion. Further, tuberculosis is a common non-neoplastic process that can be mistaken for a low-grade NHL

A pure and bizarre ovarian malignancy - choriocarcinoma: case report

Germ cell malignancies represent 15% of ovarian cancers in Asians. Choriocarcinoma is a malignant tumor of the ovary with trophoblastic differentiation can be gestational or non-gestational in origin the study is aimed to increase awareness of rare malignant cancer in children that can present in uncommon symptoms and is diagnosed only if the doctor is vigilant. It is a prospective observational case report. Though uncommon a cancer, choriocarcinoma cases have been reported several times in the literature with no definitive treatment plan. The neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery has proven too successful in the above case. A multidisciplinary approach to juvenile cancer can have a fruitful outcome with high cure rates. The rarity of this cancer makes it difficult to have clear cut diagnosis fixed treatment plan. A good history taking and easy availability of ultrasound with fast-track referral can save many lives from the deadly disease like cancer. Due to paucity of data in regard to pure choriocarcinoma this case report may help in gathering more attention to the research towards this cancer

Fibrous Pseudotumour of the Testis

Fibrous pseudotumour of the testis is a rare benign lesion involving the paratesticular region. It usually presents in nodular form and may cause diagnostic dilemma resulting in unnecessary sacrifice of the testes. We report a rare case of diffuse fibrous pseudotumour which had to be treated by orchiectomy. [J Interdiscipl Histopathol 2013; 1(4.000): 227-229

Conjunctival Myxoma-A Case Report

Ocular myxomas are rare neoplasms. We report a case of conjunctival myxoma in a 33-year-old male. Clinically, it was diagnosed as a conjunctival cyst. Histopathological findings revealed spindle, and fusiform cells in loose myxoid stroma with cystic change. There were no systemic abnormalities detected

Spontaneous Resolution of Emphysematous Gastritis with Vaso-occlusive Disease-A Case Report

Emphysematous gastritis secondary to vaso-occlusive disease is a surgical emergency. It is a rare yet severe form of widespread phlegmonous gastritis. It is caused by corrosive ingestion, alcohol abuse, and on rare occasions, infections. The clinical presentation is diagnostic with supportive information from contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) of the abdomen and gastroduodenoscopy. Here, we describe a case of emphysematous gastritis with spontaneous vaso-occlusive disease that was successfully managed without surgery

Pure Red Cell Aplasia Following Thymothymectomy: A Case Report

Thymoma, a rare epithelial neoplasm, is the most common anterior-superior mediastinal tumour. Thymoma can occur sporadically or in association with other conditions, such as myasthenia gravis, pure red cell aplasia (PRCA), and hypogammaglobulinemia. Only 5% of thymoma cases develop PRCA; however, 10–50% of patients presenting with PRCA have an associated spindle cell type thymoma. Thymoma complicated by PRCA is associated with a poor outcome. We report the case of a 38-year-old female who presented with chest pain, and was diagnosed with an anterior mediastinal mass. A thymectomy was performed, and histopathological examination revealed mixed thymoma; two months later, the patient developed PRCA. The present case reinforces the need for clinicians to be vigilant with thymoma patients, even following thymectomy

Case of Benign Phyllodes Tumour Associated with Hypoglycemia

Benign phyllodes tumour is a rare non-cancerous growth of the breast characterized by a solitary unilateral tumour in one breast, or rarely multifocal in one or both breasts. It is diagnosed on the basis of physical examination, imaging studies, and fine-needle aspiration cytology. In this report, we present a case of benign phyllodes tumour with an unusual presentation of recurrent attacks of hypoglycemia, which can be attributed to secretion of insulin-like growth factor II from the tumour

“A tumour registry initiative”

Background: Published literature on epidemiological profile of paediatric brain tumours in India is limited. Aim: To present a retrospective analysis of the histological spectrum of 158 paediatric age group central nervous system tumours operated in a single tertiary care hospital in Coastal South India between January 2015 and December 2021. Material and methods: Retrospective analysis of the data regarding frequencies of various primary brain tumours among 158 paediatric patients (<18 years of age). The tumours were categorised according to the revised 4th edition of World Health Organization (WHO) classification of tumours of the Central Nervous system. Results: Paediatric CNS constituted 8.5% of total intracranial tumours (158/1860) operated in the study period. The mean age of the patients was 10.2 years and a definite male predominance was noted (1.54:1) Astrocytomas, glioneuronal tumours, and neuronal tumours constituted the majority (72/158; 45.6%) followed by embryonal tumours (31/158; 19.6%) and craniopharyngiomas(24/158; 15.4%).Of the glial neoplasms majority were pilocytic and other astrocytic tumours(41.6%), followed by mixed neuroglial tumours (19.4%), diffuse high grade astrocytomas (Grade III/IV) (11.1%), diffuse low -grade astrocytomas (Grade II) (9.7%) and ependymomas (13.8%). Our series also included six meningiomas (3.8%), five germ cell tumours (3.16%), four nerve sheath tumours (2.53%), two choroid plexus tumours (1.26%), two pineal parenchymal tumours (1.26%) and one metastasis from a soft tissue sarcoma from the thigh. Supratentorial tumours (58.2%) were more common than posterior fossa (34.6%) and spinal tumours (7.6%) and visual pathway gliomas accounted for 5.6% of all our tumours. Conclusions: Paediatric central nervous system tumours are more common in boys and in the second decade of life. Astrocytomas are the most common paediatric brain tumours followed by medulloblastomas and craniopharyngiomas. Pediatric tumours affect the supratentorial compartment more often than the infratentorial compartment. The profile of paediatric brain tumours in our series is similar to that reported from other Indian centres as well as most western literature

Incidental Renal Botryomycosis in a Nonfunctioning Kidney

Botryomycosis is a unique form of bacterial infection, closely mimicking actinomycosis. The usual site of occurrence is the skin and renal botryomycosis is very rare. The most common organism is Staphylococcus aureus which can be identified using Gram stain and confirmed by culture. Early and accurate diagnosis can ensure appropriate antibiotic therapy. We present a young lady diagnosed to have incidental botryomycosis of the kidney, following nephrectomy