The evolution and change of allied war-time policy and diplomacy as revealed through a study of postwar four power arrangements for dealing with the city of Berlin

In 1941, for the second time in the twentieth century, much of the world was at war. Once again, it was a struggle of life and death, a fight for survival of democracy directed against a dictatorial agressor, Germany. In World War I, it had been the aim of the United States as expressed by President T. Woodrow Wilson to make the world safe for democracy. This failed. During World War II, the United Nations fought for a similar goal, attempting to assure a better outcome by means of conferences in which they set forth their aims. The disastrous results of the Paris Peace Settlement had taught a lesson. It was though that definite plans for postwar actions had to be agreed upon prior to the end of the fighting, if chaoss was to be avoided and reasonably stable future assured. Thus, to achieve the highly idealistic goal of a democratic world, it was determined to deal with postwar planning in a realistic manner at a series of Allied conferences

Citizen Scientists: Efforts by the Tri-Societies to Inject Science Into US Policymaking

The Tri-Societies (American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America and Soil Science Society of America), the largest life science professional societies in the United States (US) dedicated to the agronomic, crop and soil sciences, encompass approximately 18,000 members globally and include approximately 14,000 certified professionals who are a direct conduit to the farming communities across the US. The Tri-Societies\u27 US-based federal science policy programmes have been active for decades. There is a Washington, DC-based Director of Science Policy, Congressional Science Fellows (CSF) and Science Policy Interns

Integracja rynków pracy na polsko-saksońskim obszarze przygranicznym

Cechą wspólną łączącą znaczną część Saksonii oraz południową i zachodnią część województwa dolnośląskiego jest ich peryferyjne położenie w krajowych układach powiązań. Od początku lat 90. XX w. polscy i niemieccy eksperci postulują zintensyfikowanie współpracy transgranicznej w celu przezwyciężenia problemów demograficznych i ekonomicznych tych obszarów. Rozszerzenie Unii Europejskiej w 2004 r. umożliwiło utworzenie instytucjonalnych ram współpracy w zakresie m.in. integracji rynków pracy, czego efektem było utworzenie w 2007 r. sieci partnerstwa polsko-czesko-niemieckiego TriRegio pod patronatem Europejskich Służb Zatrudnienia. Artykuł ma na celu określenie stopnia powiązań funkcjonalnych obu regionów, przedstawienie szans i barier integracji oraz określenie rekomendacji dla intensyfikacji dalszej współpracy. Zaprezentowano w nim odnoszące się do relacji polsko-niemieckich wyniki projektu badawczego Mobilität und Arbeitsmarktverflechtungen in der EURES-TriRegio-Region (Mobilność i przenikanie się rynków pracy na obszarze EURES-TriRegio) realizowanego na zlecenie niemieckiej Federalnej Agencji Pracy przez Leibniz Institut für Länderkunde w Lipsku przy współpracy z Instytutem Geografii Społeczno-Ekonomicznej i Gospodarki Przestrzennej UAM w Poznaniu

Improving Social Impact Bonds: Assessing Alternative Financial Models to Scale Pay-for-Success

Social Impact Bonds (SIBs) represent a new and innovative tool for promoting social welfare. If implemented correctly, they could represent a new frontier for public-private partnerships and philanthropic-private contracts. The limitations on the private provisioning of social welfare programs are decreasing, and recent technology allows for more accurate cost-benefit analysis and the measurement of more meaningful performance indicators. Taken together, these factors increase the technical feasibility of SIBs

Is Androgen Excess Masked in Alopecia Areata Patients: A Retrospective Data Analysis of 1,587 Patients

Studies on the pathophysiology and comorbidities associated with alopecia areata (AA) are limited. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of androgen excess in AA and its subtypes, in relation to demographics and comorbidities. Medical records of 1,587 Patchy AA, AT, AU, and ophiasis patients seen in the Department of Dermatology at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation in Ohio between 2005 and 2015 were reviewed. Out of this cohort, 226 patients met the inclusion criteria. There is evidence that patients with AA had significantly greater prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) than the general population (p\u3c0.001). Androgen excess was identified in 42.5% (n=96) of the 226 patients with AA or any subtype (p\u3c0.001). The androgen excess group was significantly more likely to present with irregular menses, hirsutism, adult acne, PCOS, and/or ovarian cysts (p\u3c0.001). This study was limited by being retrospective. Our study demonstrated that AA is associated with androgen excess