Challenging the pro-development role of trade agreements when remoteness counts: the Ecuadorian experience

The question whether global financial integration is beneficial for everyone remains highly disputed. It is often assumed that financial globalization involves threshold effects, where integration is worthwhile only when certain preconditions are met. However, it has also been noted that financial account liberalization also brings about considerable additional indirect benefits. These indirect benefits are often the same as the preconditions, such that there exists a complex two-way relationship between financial globalization and the preconditions/additional benefits. Such a relationship can lead to financial globalization traps, where some economies are trapped at a low level stable equilibrium, while others enjoy ever increasing financial integration. In this paper, we use de facto indicators of international financial integration to investigate if the dynamics of financial integration exhibit signs of such thresholds and traps. We present a parametric way of estimating these important parameters, based on recently developed sample splitting and threshold estimation methods. We find that there are indeed signs of multiple equilibriums if we look at the growth rates of total assets and liabilities. We also find that a group of countries are apparently caught in a high debt stock trap.

Propuestas para la mejora de la competitividad del sector exportador de flores cortadas en el Ecuador

SE REALIZA UN DIAGNOSTICO DE EVOLUCION DEL SECTOR PRODUCTOR Y EXPORTADOR, VARIEDADES QUE SE COMERCIAN,PRINCIPALES PRODUCTORES Y COMPETIDORES DE FLORES A NIVEL MUNDIAL. MERCADO DE DESTINOS PARA LOS PRODUCTOS FLORICOLAS ECUATORIANOS. SE DETERMINA BENEFICIOS SOCIALES Y ECONOMICOS PARA LA APLICACION DE SELLOS ECOLOGICOS SOCIALES PARA LA PRODUCCION DE FLORES.. SE ANALIZA EL ROL DEL TRANSPORTE EN EL COMERCIO INTERNACIONAL Y LA COMPETENCIA DE LA UNA ECONOMIA GLOBALIZADA. OBJETIVO FUNDAMENTAL ES SATISFACER LA DEMANDA LOCAL Y CONSEGUIR DE ALGUNA MANERA INGRESAR EL PRODUCTO A ESTADOS UNIDOS