An analysis regarding effectiveness of coalitions and single party power in multi-party systems: The case of TurkeyÇok partili sistemlerde koalisyon ve tek parti iktidarının etkinliğine ilişkin bir inceleme: Türkiye örneği

With the transition to democratic life and the adoption of multi-party systems in the world, the concepts of majority and pluralism have become increasingly important. Majority and pluralism which are based on the concept of self-rule, have changed the management power in favor of the ruled, on the other hand they brought some debates in terms of government. Single party power which means the domination of majority and coalition process means pluralism are criticized in terms of merit in administration. Although democracy gives the right to equal participation in governance, state administration merit and experience represent a process that has become the foreground of state tradition. In particular, inter-party conflicts of interests in the coalition government, conflicts in management and polyphony can lead to a slower pace of government while at the same time bringing democracy into practice. For this reason, it is important that the difference between coalition and single-party power should be examined and put forth in multi-party systems. In this study, it is aimed to reveal this difference through the political history ofTurkey. According to the results obtained by literature review in the study, although coalition-based administration leads to delay in making decisions in state administration and public service but it is seen as a necessity of democracy. As a result, it is argued that the main problem in a fast-growing country likeTurkeyis conflict of interests between coalition partners, not coalition governments.Extended English abstract is in the end of PDF (TURKISH) file. ÖzetDemokratik yaşama geçiş ve çok partili sistemlerin dünyada yerini almasıyla birlikte, çoğunluk ve çoğulculuk kavramları giderek önem kazanmıştır. Her iki kavram temel olan halkın kendi kendisini yönetmesi ilkesi, bir yandan yönetim gücünü yönetilen lehinde değiştirirken, bir yandan da yönetim açısından bazı tartışmaları da beraberinde getirmiştir. Çoğunluğun hükmetmesi anlamına gelen tek parti iktidarı ile çoğulculuğun hükmetmesi anlamına gelen koalisyon süreci üzerine yapılan eleştirilerin başında, yönetimde liyakat konusu gelmektedir. Demokrasi her ne kadar yönetime eşit katılma hakkı verse de, devlet yönetimi liyakat ve deneyimin, devlet geleneğinin ön plana çıktığı bir süreci ifade etmektedir. Özellikle koalisyon yönetimindeki partiler arası çıkar çatışmaları, yönetimdeki anlaşmazlıklar ve çok seslilik, bir yandan demokrasiyi uygulama alanına taşırken, diğer yandan yönetimde daha yavaş bir seyre  neden olabilmektedir. Bu nedenle çok partili sistemlerde koalisyon ve tek parti iktidarları arasındaki farkın incelenmesi ve ortaya koyulması önemlidir. Yapılan bu çalışmada, bu farkın Türkiye siyasal tarihi üzerinden ortaya konması amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada elde edilen sonuçlara göre koalisyona dayalı yönetim devlet yönetiminde karar almada gecikmeye neden olup, kamu hizmetlerinin aksamasına yol açsa da, demokrasinin bir gereği olarak görülmektedir. Neticede Türkiye gibi hızlı büyüyen bir ülke yönetimindeki temel sorunun koalisyon yönetimleri değil, koalisyon ortaklarının arasındaki çıkar çatışmaları olduğu savunulmaktadır

Lumbar opening pressure and radiologic scoring in idiopathic intracranial hypertension : is there any correlation?

Background: To investigate correlation between lumbar opening pressure (LOP) and radiological scores based on cranial MRI and contrast-enhanced MR venography in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). Material/Methods: Patients with IIH who underwent brain MRI and contrast-enhanced MR venography before measurement of LOP between 2010-2014 were evaluated retrospectively. Three experienced radiologists (blinded to LOP values) evaluated a total of 51 patients. They reached a consensus on the presence or absence of 6 radiological findings identified in the literature as characteristic for IIH: empty sella, perioptic dilation, optical tortuosity, flattening of the posterior globe, swelling of the optic disc, and bilateral transverse sinus stenosis. The radiological score was obtained by giving 1 point for the presence of each finding, with the highest possible score of 6 points. The correlation between the calculated radiological scores and LOP was evaluated. Results: There was no significant correlation between LOP and radiological scores (r=0.095; p=0.525, Spearman's rank coefficient). Similarly, no significant correlation was detected between LOP and each of the radiological findings (partial empty sella [p=0.137], perioptic dilation [p=0.265], optical tortuosity [p=0.948], flattening of the posterior globe [p=0.491], swelling of the optic disc [p=0.881], and bilateral dural sinus stenosis [p=0.837], Mann-Whitney U test). Conclusions: There was no significant correlation between LOP and reliable radiological features of IIH

Optimum Support Policy Component for the Development of Agricultural Production: Potato Producer

The present study aimed to determine the optimum policy component in an example of potato cultivation development based on the principle of the efficient use of scarce resources and maximizing the benefit of the producer. Agricultural support policies are commonly implemented by adopting a top-down approach. Regarding benefit maximization at the target group level, policies for agricultural products should be determined with a bottom-up approach. In this manner, in the present study, potato producers were determined to be the target group. Therefore, this study investigated the policy component that provides the highest benefit in line with the demands, expectations, and tendencies of the target group. The micro-data obtained from the potato-growing enterprises operating in provinces where potato cultivation was intensively carried out within the scope of Turkey constituted the research data. A face-to-face survey technique was used as the method for collecting the producer data. Simple descriptive statistics and one of the multivariate analysis techniques, conjoint analysis, were applied in the analysis and evaluation of the data. The optimum policy component setup was determined to be “Price and Payment Support: Above Market Price and 2 months term, Support Area and Amount: to production, 25.47 USD/da (23.04 EUR/da), time of announcement for the supports: pre-planting, and producer’s declaration: I do (I declare)” for the potato product. Accordingly, the necessity of a bottom-up approach in the planning and implementation of an agricultural support policy in Turkey is explained based on the results obtained. Therefore, it is considered necessary and beneficial to measure the level of producer benefits on the focus of applications that encourage potato production

Variability of phenolic composition and tocopherol content of some commercial Almond cultivars

The phenolic (gallic acid, catechin, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, epicatechin, ferulic acid, kaempferol, naringenin, and p-coumaric acid) and tocopherol contents (α, β, γ, and δ) of some commercially significant almond cultivars were determined in the research. Wide variations in phenolic and tocopherol contents were detected among the cultivars in the research. The highest rate among the phenolic substances was obtained in catechin, with the average values of 27.35 µg g-1 in 2008 and 39.87 µg g-1  in 2009. The highest catechin content was recorded in cultivar ‘Ferraduel’ in both years, with the values of 117.59 µg g-1 in 2008 and 145.86 µg g-1 in 2009. The highest rate among the tocopherols was obtained in α-tocopherol, and the average values were detected as 312.29 mg kg-1 in 2008 and 467.31 mg kg-1 in 2009. The highest α-tocopherol contents were determined as 899.49 mg kg-1 and 945.41 mg kg-1  in cultivar ‘Supernova’ in both years, respectively. In the research, α-tocopherol turned out to be the major tocopherol

Sodyum Tripolifosfat (Na5P3O10)’ın çimento harçlarının mühendislik özelliklerine etkisi

Sodyum tripolifosfat; gıda sektörü ve deterjan üretiminde pH değerini artırmak için kullanılan inorganik bir tuz olup; ayrıca dispersiyon ajanı, stabilizatör ve su yumuşatıcı olarak da kullanılmaktadır.  Bu çalışmada, sodyum tripolifosfat çözeltisini karışım suyu olarak içeren çimento pastalarının ve çimento harçlarının mühendislik özellikleri araştırılmıştır. Deneysel çalışmada, bir tanesi distile su içeren iki tür çimento pastası ve çimento harcı karışımı hazırlanmıştır. İkinci karışımda, sodyum tripolifosfat distile suyun %3’ ü kadar kullanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, sodyum tripolifosfatın karışım suyunda kullanılması çimento pastalarının priz başlangıç ve priz bitiş sürelerini, çimento harçlarının yayılma çapı ile 7 ve 28 günlük basınç dayanımını arttırmıştır. Ayrıca sodyum tripolifosfat çözeltisi ile üretilen çimento pastasının SEM görüntüsü incelendiğinde, tripolifosfat’ın hidratasyon ürünleri olan CH ve CSH oluşumlarına olumsuz bir etkisinin bulunmadığı görülmüştür

Effectiveness of sugammadex for cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury

AbstractCerebral ischemia may cause permanent brain damage and behavioral dysfunction. The efficacy and mechanisms of pharmacological treatments administered immediately after cerebral damage are not fully known. Sugammadex is a licensed medication. As other cyclodextrins have not passed the necessary phase tests, trade preparations are not available, whereas sugammadex is frequently used in clinical anesthetic practice. Previous studies have not clearly described the effects of the cyclodextrin family on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) damage. The aim of this study was to determine whether sugammadex had a neuroprotective effect against transient global cerebral ischemia. Animals were assigned to control, sham-operated, S 16 and S 100 groups. Transient global cerebral ischemia was induced by 10-minute occlusion of the bilateral common carotid artery, followed by 24-hour reperfusion. At the end of the experiment, neurological behavior scoring was performed on the rats, followed by evaluation of histomorphological and biochemical measurements. Sugammadex 16 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg improved neurological outcome, which was associated with reductions in both histological and neurological scores. The hippocampus TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling) and caspase results in the S 16 and S 100 treatment groups were significantly lower than those of the I/R group. Neurological scores in the treated groups were significantly higher than those of the I/R group. The study showed that treatment with 16 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg sugammadex had a neuroprotective effect in a transient global cerebral I/R rat model. However, 100 mg/kg sugammadex was more neuroprotective in rats

Halı ipliği yapımında kullanılan yünlerin teknolojik özellikleri üzerinde araştırmalar

-86- 5. Oz-i-jt ve son uç Halı, Türk evinin vazgeçilmez bir parçası ve Türkiye ekonomisinin önemli bir liretim sektörü olma ö- zelligini günümüzde de sürdürmektedir. Halen el ve ma- kina hrlısı olarak iki grupta toplanan halı üretiminin en öjıemli hammaddSUMMARY INVESTIGATIONS ON THE TECHNOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF WOOLS WHICH ARE USED IN WOOLLEN CARPET YARN PRODUCTION Carpet has taken a very important place in Tur kish house. The carpet production sums in two groups; called Handwoven Carpets and Machine Carpets. The main raw material for the woollen yarn and wocfllen tex tile sector is wool. Total wool requirement for 1982 was 62.075 tons in Turkey. The production of wool is completely used in the country. Generally the wool is obtained in two ways; through local production and th rough imports. Native wools are conrae and mixed. At present a little amount of handmade woollen carpet yarns are being produced in nome regions of Tur key. But a big amount of woollen yarns, that the textile sector need it, produce through fabrication. That is why some troubles have been presented about woollen yarns Because of this type of production, lasted a decrease of quality at the carpet yarns which can easily be seen. Certainly the quality of the carpet yarns effects the quality of the carpet which used in production of it. Therefore the downing of the quality of carpets is be ing connected with non-standardized woollen carpet yarns at recently years. At present Everybody complains of that problem "and want to take a measure about it. The aim of this study is to determine some technological properties of wools, in order to point out the solution of that prob lem. Then, using the results obtained from this studysome proposals have been made to produce better carpet yarns. For this investigation 96 various types of samples were assembled which represantato approximately 90 $> of the carpet yarn production of Turkey from 17 factories. All samples were tested about physical and quantitative chemical properties which are; foreign material, fineness, length, stelometer strength, pH, grease, cystine+cysteine and solubility of alkaline. The results are summarized as follows : 1- The type of wool affected the ratio of the foreign material in different ways. The type of wool affected the ratio of the foreign material in the samples differently. 2- The difference between Lanameter fineness values of greasy and non-greasy samples has been found not significant. 3- Difference between Micronaire fineness values of greasy and non-greasy samples has been found significant. 4- The average length of fibres bad variated in large boundries due to type of factory in which various types of wools were being blended. 5- The type of wool has effected the value of 'average stapel length relate to adding the "kemling" into yarn blend as some factories were done.6- The values of Stelometer Strength of dyed Bampw lea were found an significantly lower than undyed samples. It oould been suggested that during dyeing process at the factories some damage were being created on the wool fib res. 7- It has been found that very significant diffe rences between dyed and undyed samples, relate to values of pH which had it. Somehow it has been Btfggested that the values of pH of dyed wools were decreased during the dyeing process by dyes and used some chemical liquids. 8- According to the results were obtained from this study, the types of factory and wool had effected the ratio of the grease which were presented on the wool. Sig nificant differences among factories were found in reB- pect of various greasing methods. Which were applied at the factories. As same the differences between the type of wools had created due to fact that adding a large amount of grease into yarn blends for carding it easily and speedy. 9- The percentage of cystine + cysteine of wool samples was not affected by the type of factory and wool and dyeing processes. They have been found not signifi cant and also skin wools contained the lower value of cystine.«.cysteine than others relate to high value of pH that samples had. 10- The dyeing processes had affected directly 'the solubility of alkaline of wool samples. During that process the wools were damaged and therefore due to fact the values of solubility of alkaline of the samples were highly increased

Kamu alımlarında İdari Denetim

Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- Kırıkkale Üniversitesi79072

Autogenous Shrinkage Properties Of High Performance Cement Based Products

Tez (Doktora) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2006Thesis (PhD) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, 2006Bu çalışmada çimentoda bulunan çözünen alkalilerin ve süperakışkanlaştırıcı kullanımının, yüksek performanslı çimentolu ürünlerin otojen rötresi üzerindeki etkileri deneysel olarak araştırılmıştır. Değişik kimyasal bileşenlere sahip çimentolar kullanılarak değişik su/çimento oranlarında, süperakışkanlaştırıcı içeren ve içermeyen hamur, harç ve beton numuneler üretilmiş, erken ve ileri yaşlarda yapılan deneylerle bu numunelerin otojen rötreleri belirlenmiştir. Bu çimentoların hidratasyon aşamaları da çeşitli yöntemlerle takip edilmiş, çimentolarla üretilmiş hamurlar üzerinde yapılan mikroporozite deneyleriyle numunelerin kılcal boşluk dağılımları ve oranları belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak otojen rötrenin gelişimi, hidratasyonla olan ilişkileri ortaya çıkarılmış, çözünen alkalilerin ve süperakışkanlaştırıcı kullanımının otojen rötre üzerindeki etkileri belirlenmiştir.In this experimental study; the effects of soluble alkalis in cement and superplasticizer usage on autogenous shrinkage of high performance cement based products were investigated. Cement paste, mortar and concrete specimens were produced with different water to cement ratios, with or without superplasticizer, using the cements having different chemical combinations. Autogenous shrinkage of these mixes were obtained by conducting early age and long term tests. Hydration stages of these cements were also monitored by using different techniques. Capillary pore distribution and capillary pore ratios were measured by microporosity tests using paste samples. The effects of cement hydration on the development of autogeneus shrinkage were investigated. As a result, the effecs of soluble alkalis and superplasticizer on the autogenous shrinkage were determined.DoktoraPh

Administrative supervision in public procurements

YÖK Tez ID: 190672Kamu alımlarında sözleşmenin karşı tarafının belirlenmesine ilişkin usul veesaslar; konunun karmaşıklığı ve beşeri faktörlerden kaynaklanan sıkıntılar sebebiyleöteden beri önemli bir iç hukuk meselesi olarak kabul edilmekteyken, dünya ticaretininküreselleşmesi sonrasında uluslararası düzenlemelere de konu olmaya başlamıştır.Son yıllarda Türkiye'de özellikle kamu alımlarında görülen yolsuzluklarınönüne geçilebilmesi amacıyla uluslararası düzenlemeler paralelinde kamu maliyönetiminde yapılan yeniliklerden ilki, hiç kuşkusuz beraberinde bir çok yeniliği getirenKamu İhale Kanunu olmuştur. Bu sebeple çalışmanın ilk bölümü, ulusal ve uluslararasıdüzenlemeler ekseninde kamu alımlarının gelişim seyrine ve Kamu İhale Kanunuylabenimsenen kamu alım rejimine ayrılmıştır.Kamu İhale Kanunuyla, tüm kamu kurumları tarafından yapılan kamu alımlarınailişkin usul ve esaslar tek bir çerçeveye bağlanmış, bunun yanında sözleşme öncesidönemdeki idari işlemlerin hukuka uygunluğunun sağlanması için de iki aşamalı birdenetim mekanizması kurulmuştur.Çalışmanın son bölümünde, Türk mevzuat tekniğine yabancı sayılabilecek biranlayışla hazırlanan Kamu İhale Kanununda düzenleme konusu yapılan denetimmekanizmasının hukuki niteliği; kapsamı ve sınırları yanında uygulamaya ve yargıyayansıyan boyutuyla birlikte değerlendirildikten sonra Danıştay'ın konu ile ilgili tutumuda yargı kararları incelenerek tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Diğer taraftan henüz çok yenibir disiplin olması sebebiyle denetim mekanizmasının uygulamasında yaşanan bazısıkıntılara da, karşılaştırmalı idare hukuku bağlamında yapılan değerlendirmelerneticesinde bir takım çözüm önerileri getirilmeye çalışılmıştır.The principles and procedures concerning to determination of other party of thecontract in public procurements; that had been accepted as an important domestic lawissue for a long time due to difficulties aroused from human factors and complexity ofthe subject, have also started to become a topic in international regulations afterglobalization of the world trade.Public Procurement Law that brought lots of changes along with have definitelybeen the first of the changes of executed public fiscal administration with parallel tointernational regulations in order to be able to prevent corruptions especially in publicprocurements in Turkey in recent years. For this reason, first part of this study has beenopened up the development of public procurements within the framework of nationaland international regulations and public procurement regime adopted by PublicProcurement Law.With Public Procurement Law; the principles and procedures regarding to publicprocurements are made by all public institutions connected to one framework, besides,two-tier administrative supervision mechanism has been set up in order to provideconformity with the law of those administrative operations before the period of contract.In last part of the study, legal characteristic of supervision mechanism thatperformed arrangement matter in Public Procurement Law which prepared unfamiliarunderstanding of Turkish legislation technics; has tried to ascertain with analysingverdict decision of Council of State?s way of behaving regarding issue after togetherevaluation of reflection to the verdict of jury and implementation alongside scope andborders. On the other hand, as a result of assesments performed in context ofcomparative administrative law, certain solution suggestions have been able to be triedto bring to some difficulties which are occurred at the implementation of supervisionmechanism due to its being very new discipline