Design and development consideration for intrusion detection and prevention systems.

The Concept of networking and storage had been introduced in the world decades before and thus gives us opportunity to share, store and disseminate the information among different people from different destination regardless of the transmission technology used via computer networks. The readily available information brings very comfort to human society, but it also makes the data / information vulnerable to attacks and threats. In order to counter with such issues, some remedy have been implemented to secure the information in networking technology, one field emerges recently known as “Intrusion Detection System”. The field emerges from the Anderson’s paper which was released in 1984. Up to this time, researchers and security professionals were using firewalls and antivirus for securing information, but were not fully secure. For the same intrusion detection system came into existence. While implementing the intrusion detection system, the researcher and security professionals face lot of problems viz selection of appropriate intrusion detection system for an organization, reduction in false alarm rate and increase in detection rate. The thesis has made an attempt to cover the topics mentioned above. The thesis is divided in six chapters, in first chapter, the author tries to throw some light on the introduction of the intrusion detection system with motivation for taking the topic and the challenges faced in the recent intrusion detection system. The chapter also describes the contribution made by the author during the present study.Digital copy of Ph.D thesis.University of Kashmir

Growth Inhibition by Bupivacaine Is Associated with Inactivation of Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinase 1

Bupivacaine is an amide type long acting local anesthetic used for epidural anesthesia and nerve blockade in patients. Use of bupivacaine is associated with severe cytotoxicity and apoptosis along with inhibition of cell growth and proliferation. Although inhibition of Erk, Akt, and AMPK seemingly appears to mediate some of the bupivacaine effects, potential downstream targets that mediate its effect remain unknown. S6 kinase 1 is a common downstream effector of several growth regulatory pathways involved in cell growth and proliferation known to be affected by bupivacaine. We have accordingly attempted to relate the growth inhibitory effects of bupivacaine with the status of S6K1 activity and we present evidence that decrease in cell growth and proliferation by bupivacaine is mediated through inactivation of S6 kinase 1 in a concentration and time dependent manner. We also show that ectopic expression of constitutively active S6 kinase 1 imparts substantial protection from bupivacaine induced cytotoxicity. Inactivation of S6K1 though associated with loss of putative mTOR mediated phosphorylation did not correspond with loss of similar phosphorylations in 4EBP1 indicating that S6K1 inhibition was not mediated through inactivation of mTORC1 signaling pathway or its down regulation

Impact of spray drying conditions on the reconstitution, efficiency and flow properties of spray dried apple powder-optimization, sensorial and rheological assessment

Spray drying is a preferred choice for development of highly soluble, rapidly dispersible apple powder. However, adhesion during spray drying of syrups and juices is encountered which leads to product loss. The main solution to reduce adhesion is using drying aids. Besides, control of spray drying operating parameters (inlet air temperature and feed flow rate) also closely govern the powder yield, physical, functional and microstructural properties of spray dried fruit powder. Thus, the aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of inlet air temperature (IAT), carrier agent concentration (MD:GA), feed flow rate (FFR) & feed TSS (FTSS) on moisture content, hygroscopicity, dispersibility, water solubility index (WSI), bulk density (BD), porosity (Φ), flowability, lightness (L*) and radical scavenging activity (RSA). Design expert predicted IAT of 160 °C, MD and GA concentration of 14% and 6% respectively, FFR of 350 rpm & FTSS of 15oBrix as optimum condition for development of easily dispersible, highly soluble and least hygroscopic powder. The powder developed after following the optimized condition (SDAP) recorded moisture content as 2.91%, hygroscopicity as 25.29%, dispersibility as 92.50%, WSI as 94.17%, bulk density as 314.1 kg/m3, porosity as 57.19, flowability as 25.83°, L* value as 70.54 and RSA as 14.37. Among different powder reconstitution concentrations, 25% w/v concentration came out to be the best for reconstitution on the basis of sensory evaluation and rheological test. Frequency sweep test for all the reconstituted juice samples showed higher storage modulus than loss modulus for all the applied frequencies. The results of the study conferred that the developed powder could be used for commercial purpose