47 research outputs found
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT WALL FUNCTIONS ON THE PREDICTION OF FLOW AND HEAT TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS IN PLATE FIN AND TUBE HEAT EXCHANGERS
In the present study, effects of wall functions available in the Fluent software on the fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics of a plate fin and tube heat exchanger are investigated in the range of 6000Re500 ≤≤ for a non-dimensional fin spacing of 233.0=sF and the results are compared with experimental data. As it is well-known, wall functions are used to bridge the viscosity-affected region between the wall and the fully turbulent region in the flow domain. Both Standard k-ε and RNG k-ε turbulence models are employed in order to predict the flow and heat transfer characteristics inside the flow passage of the plate fin and tube heat exchanger comprised of four-row of staggered tube layout with wavy fin configuration. The test heat exchanger model is selected from the experimental work exists in the literature and the best wall function that has close agreement with the experimental data is chosen as Enhanced Wall Treatment
Effect of pitching delta wing on vortex structures with and without impingement plate
Flow past the leading edge of a delta wing oscillating about its mid-cord in a pitch plane with a reduced frequency of K=0.74 generates primary vortices having mostly elongated shapes. Their shapes and orientations vary with the pitching angle of the delta wing in upstroke and downstroke directions. Unsteady flows around the impingement plate placed downstream of the delta wing and in the flow field downstream of the onset of vortex breakdown are characterized by the existence of unsteady large-and small-scale vortices. These time-dependent vortex core formations and breakdowns apply aerodynamic loads to the impingement plate. For the pitching delta wing, the development of the vortex core and degree of hysteresis are found to be a strong function of reduced frequency.Flow past the leading edge of a delta wing oscillating about its mid-cord in a pitch plane with a reduced frequency of K=0.74 generates primary vortices having mostly elongated shapes. Their shapes and orientations vary with the pitching angle of the delta wing in upstroke and downstroke directions. Unsteady flows around the impingement plate placed downstream of the delta wing and in the flow field downstream of the onset of vortex breakdown are characterized by the existence of unsteady large-and small-scale vortices. These time-dependent vortex core formations and breakdowns apply aerodynamic loads to the impingement plate. For the pitching delta wing, the development of the vortex core and degree of hysteresis are found to be a strong function of reduced frequency
İKİ FAZLI KATI-GAZ AKIŞI
Dikey-vatay ve yalay-dikey 90\" dirseklerden sonraki iki fazlı katı-yaz akışının karakteristikleri deneysel olarak incelenmiştir. Kati faz olarak ortalama parçacık çapı 50 pm olan kömür parçacıkları kullanılmıştır. Gaz fazı olarak kullanılan havanın hızı l b:ıl-7 ile 30 m s arasında değiştirilmiştir. Deneyler hava-kömiir kütlesel debi oranının 1 ve 3 değerleri için yapılmıştır. Parçacık konsantrasyon ve hız ölçümleri yatay ve dikey borular boyunca değişik istasyonlarda fiber optik prob kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Dirsek içerisinde merkezkaç kuvvetinden dolayı kömür parçacıklarının kömür topağı adı verilen kömür konsantrasyonun çok fazla olduğu bir yapının oluştuğunu ve bu yapının akış içerisinde sanki üçüncü bir fazmış gibi hareket ettiği gözlemlenmiştir. Dirsek çıkış ekseninden uzaklaştıkça bu yüksek konsantrasyonhı yapının akışın türbülansf/iığının ve ikincil akışların etkisi He parçalandığı görülmüştür. Deneyler aynı zamanda dirsek konfigürasyonunun akış üzerinde önemli bir etkiye sahip okluğunu göstermişti
Bababurnu-Çanakkale Bölgesindeki Rüzgar Enerji Yoğunluğu İstatistik Analizi
The total of feasible wind energy potential is estimated to be 47 GW in Turkey, and especially Çanakkale, İzmir, Balıkesir and Hatay basins are excellent wind resources for wind farm installations. Therefore, the capability of the wind power potential of Bababurnu-Çanakkale province in the Marmara region of Turkey was reported in the context of this study. Parameters including the superior wind velocity direction, average wind velocity, Weibull and Rayleigh parameters, probability distribution, and wind power potential of this province were processed and analyzed in terms of annual, seasonal and monthly point of view. Finally, at a level of 10 m over the ground surface, the average wind velocity and average wind energy potential in this site were determined as 6.01 m/s and 257 W/m2 , respectively according to the whole processed data. These data indicated that Bababurnu-Çanakkale region has an acceptable wind energy potential, which is quite reasonable for planting wind power turbines.Türkiye’deki uygulanabilir rüzgar enerjisi potansiyelinin 47 GW dolaylarında olduğu tahmin edilmektedir. Özellikle, Çanakkale, İzmir, Balıkesir ve Hatay havzaları rüzgar çiftliklerinin kurulumu için mükemmel rüzgar kaynaklarına sahip bölgelerdir. Bu sebeple, Türkiye’nin Marmara Bölgesi, BababurnuÇanakkale yöresindeki rüzgar gücü potansiyelinin uygulanabilirliği, bu çalışma kapsamında bildirilmektedir. Bu yörenin rüzgar hızı ve yönü, ortalama rüzgar hızı, Weibull ve Rayleigh parametreleri, olasılık dağılımı ve rüzgar gücü potansiyeli gibi parametreleri, yıllık, mevsimlik ve de aylık işleme tabii tutularak analiz edilmiştir. Sonuçta, yer seviyesine ilaveten 10 m üzeri bir rakım değerinde, mevcut verilerin analiziyle, bu mevkiye ait, ortalama rüzgar hızı ve ortalama rüzgar hızı potansiyeli, sırası ile 6,01 m/s ve de 257 W/m2 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Böylece, Bababurnu bölgesinin; rüzgar türbinlerinin inşaası kapsamında, kabul edilebilir bir rüzgar enerjisi potansiyeline sahip olduğu gösterilmiştir
Numerical investigation of flow structure along the cylinder-valve geometry in internal combustion engines
Bu çalısmada, silindir içi akıslar bir silindir-supap modelinde 5 ve 7 mm supap açıklıklarında sonlu hacimler yöntemi (FLUENT paket programı) kullanılarak incelenmistir. Silindir içerisinde olusan akısın hız vektörleri, akım çizgileri ve girdap değerlerinin değisimi elde edilmis olup, akıs yapısının supap açıklığı ile silindir kafasından olan mesafeye bağlı olarak değisimi belirlenmistir.In this study, FLUENT package program based on the finite volume method was used to model the flow in the cylinder of an internal combustion engine. Numerical studies were carried out at 5 and 7 mm valve clearances. The variation of velocity vectors, streamlines and vortex values was obtained along the cylinder. Besides this, the flow structure was determined to change with the valve clearance and along the cylinder stroke
Control of flow structures around a cylinder in deep water employing a passive control element
This study aimed to experimentally investigate the swirling flow characteristic in the periphery of a cylinder located vertically in a deep water channel using a particle image velocity measurement method (PIV). In addition to the PIV method, paint visualization experiments were performed to observe the structures of vortical flow qualitatively. Based on the cylinder diameter, Reynolds numbers were changed incrementally as 2.5 x 10(3), 5 x 10(3), and 7.5 x 10(3), while the length of the control element, L = 180 mm was kept constant. The flexible splitter plate made of a plastic material was easily deformed under the influence of vortical flow. In the horizontal plane, taken from the middleheight of the cylinder, instantaneous flow data was measured first. Along these measurements, the distributions and magnitude of the velocity vectors, , vorticity concentrations, , patterns of streamlines, , root mean square of velocity component such as and , correlations of shear stresses, , and , turbulent kinetic energy, TKE, and spectral analysis is conducted to define the frequency, f of vortex formations. The presence of a flexible flow control element located along the central axis line of the cylinder significantly affects the vortex formations. The existence of the flexible flow control element can significantly influence the wake flow region. Furthermore, many of the value of flow characteristics decreased as mentioned with respect to the bare case
Silindir Ardındaki Girdabin Ağ Yapılı Silindir ile Kontrolü
Bu çalışmada derin su içerisindeki dairesel silindir arkasındaki akışın silindir çevresine yerleştirilmiş ağ yapılı dış silindirler kullanarak kontrolüne çalışılmıştır. Geçirgenlik oranının etkisini anlayabilmek için sekiz farklı geçirgenlik oranı (?0,4, 0,5, 0,6, 0,65, 0,7, 0,75, 0,8 ve 0,85) kullanılmıştır. Deneyler boyunca dış silindir çapının iç silindir çapına oranı D/d2,5 olarak seçilmiştir. İç silindir çapı 30 mm iken, ağ yapılı dış silindir çapı D75 olarak alınmıştır. Deneysel sonuçlar geçirgenlik oranının, silindir arkasındaki akışın kontrolü üzerine önemli etkileri olan önemli bir parametre olduğunu göstermektedir. Geçirgenlik oranı 0,75'e kadar geçirgenlik oranın artmasıyla, ağ yapılı dış silindir dairesel silindir arkasındaki girdap dökülmesini önemli derecede azaltır. Geçirgenlik oranı ?0,7 değeri, akış kontrolünün en iyi sağlandığı durumdurIn this present work, the flow control downstream of a circular cylinder in deep water using an outer permeable cylinder is studied experimentally. To reveal the effect of the porosity, eight different porosity values were selected as ?0,4, 0,5, 0,6, 0,65, 0,7, 0,75, 0,8 and 0,85. The ratio of outer cylinder diameter to inner cylinder diameter, D/d was selected as 2,5, i.e. the inner cylinder diameter is d30 mm where the outer cylinder diameter is D75 mm. The results indicated that the porosity is an important parameter to control the flow behind the inner cylinder - outer permeable cylinder arrangement. The outer permeable cylinder significantly suppresses the vortex shedding downstream of the inner cylinder-outer permeable cylinder arrangement with increasing the porosity until the porosities of ?0,75. The porosity of ?0,7 is the most suitable case to control the vortex shedding downstream of the circular cylinde
Çift etkili basınç yükselticinin hidrodinamik davranışının incelenmesi
Bu çalışmada, su jeti ile kesme sisteminin en önemli parçasını oluşturan çift etkili basınç yükselticisi, piston karakteristikleri, akışkanın hacimsel debisi, eksenel kuvvet, viskoz sürtünme kuvveti, gerekli pompa gücü ve strok zamanı gibi önemli tasarım parametrelerinin etkileri göz önünde bulundurularak teorik olarak incelenmiştir. Pistonlara etkiyen basınç da hidrodinamik olarak incelenmiştir. Ayrıca, piston performansını etkileyen en önemli parametrelerden biri olan radyal açıklıktaki kaçak akışın, piston ve silindir yüzeylerinin birbirine paralel veya iki yüzey arasında eksen kaçıklığının olduğu göz önünde bulundurularak teorik olarak analizi yapılmıştır.In this study, double acting intensifier which is the main component of the water-jet cutting system was investigated theoretically by considering the effects of important design parameters such as; piston characteristics, fluid volume flow rate, axial force, viscous frictional force, the necessary pump power and stroke time. Pressure exerted on both pistons was examined hydrodynamically. Furthermore, the fluid leakage in radial clearance which is the most effective parameter on the piston performance was analyzed theoretically considering the piston having parallel surface and the eccentricity between piston and cylinder
Vortex structure on a delta wing at high angle of attack
The structure of the leading-edge vortex from a delta wing at high angle of attack is addressed using a scanning laser version of high-image-density particle image velocimetry. Emphasis is on the global patterns of instantaneous vorticity. These patterns are related to distributions of averaged and fluctuating velocity and vorticity. At low angle of attack, in the absence of vortex breakdown, it is possible to detect a total of five distinct layers of vorticity; they all exhibit small-scale concentrations of azimuthal vorticity. Immediately downstream of the trailing edge of the wing, larger-scale vorticity concentrations appear in the outermost vorticity layers. At sufficiently high angle of attack, vortex breakdown evolves from the innermost two vorticity layers. For all of these classes of vortical structures, the values of dimensionless wavelength and circulation are assessed. Moreover, the onset of vortex breakdown is interpreted in terms of both instantaneous and averaged patterns of velocity and vorticity. These considerations lead to a direct comparison of vorticity-based and stagnation criteria for breakdown. In turn, these criteria are linked to the onset of regions of fluctuating vorticity in the initial region of breakdown