6 research outputs found
Hydrazine complexes of transition metals as perspective explosives
Przeprowadzono syntez臋 azotanowych i nadchloranowych kompleks贸w kobaltu, niklu, kadmu, cynku i chromu z hydrazyn膮. Struktur臋 otrzymanych zwi膮zk贸w potwierdzono metodami instrumentalnymi stosuj膮c spektrofotometri臋 w podczerwieni, analiz臋 elementarn膮 i fluorescencyjn膮 spektroskopi臋 rentgenowsk膮. Otrzymane zwi膮zki przebadano pod k膮tem ich wra偶liwo艣ci na bod藕ce proste, takie jak tarcie, uderzenie i elektryczno艣膰 statyczn膮.Synthesis of nitrate and perchlorate complexes of cobalt, nickel, cadmium, zinc and chromium with hydrazine was done. Structure of obtained compounds was confirmed by instrumental methods, like: infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis and x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. Obtained compound was tested for them friction, impact and electrostatic sensitivity
Synthesis and Safety Properties of New Explosive Coordination Compounds
The present paper details the synthesis of new explosive complexes of the DDT type and the investigation of their sensitiveness to friction and impact. Fourteen new compounds, specifically nitrate and perchlorate complexes of various transition block metals with 5-(2,4,6-trinitrophenylamino)tetrazole, commonly called picrylaminotetrazole (PAT), were synthesised. The nitrate complexes were obtained in yields varying between 8.1% and 75.1%, whereas the perchlorate complexes had yields between 24.9% and 67.3%, with yields typically near the upper bound of the given ranges for both classes of complexes and the low yields obtained for [Co(PAT)3](NO3)3 and [Cd(PAT)3](ClO4)3 being the exception rather than the rule. The structures of these compounds were unambiguously established via XRF and IR spectroscopy, as well as via elemental analysis. Detailed analyses of the safety properties of these new materials were performed in terms of their sensitiveness to friction and impact. In general, the obtained compounds present relatively low sensitivity to mechanical stimuli, like friction and impact, with the nitrate complexes of Ni and Zn exhibiting high sensitivity to impact (1-2 Nm). The rest of the investigated compounds show low sensitivity to mechanical stimuli, comparable to classical blasting materials like PETN, RDX or HMX. It should be noted that, in general, the nitrates were more sensitive to mechanical stimuli than their perchlorate analogues
Shaped charge and numerical modeling of their detonation
艁adunki kumulacyjne stosowane s膮 szeroko zar贸wno w wojsku, przemy艣le, jak i g贸rnictwie. Pozwalaj膮 na niszczenie element贸w uzbrojenia przeciwnika, a tak偶e umo偶liwiaj膮 perforacj臋 otwor贸w wiertniczych w bran偶y gazu i ropy naftowej. Numeryczne modelowanie procesu detonacji 艂adunk贸w kumulacyjnych, pozwala na dok艂adne, tanie i skuteczne ich projektowanie, bez konieczno艣ci stosowania drogich surowc贸w, niebezpiecznych materia艂贸w i prowadzenia prac poligonowych.The shaped charges are applied wide both in army, industry, how and the mining. They allow to become spoiled the elements of the enemy armament, and also make possible the perforation of drilling openings in the trade of gas and petroleum. Numerical modeling the process of the detonation of shaped charges, projecting allows to exact, cheap and effective their, without the necessity of applying dear materials, dangerous materials and testing ground
Coordination explosives
Historia i rozw贸j materia艂贸w wybuchowych si臋gaj膮 oko艂o dw贸ch tysi膮cleci wstecz. Pocz膮wszy od prochu czarnego, poprzez nitrozwi膮zki i nitroestry, aktualne kierunki rozwoju dotycz膮 m.in. bada艅 nad koordynacyjnymi zwi膮zkami metali przej艣ciowych, zwanych potocznie solami z艂o偶onymi. Prace te doprowadzi艂y do otrzymania szeregu nowych struktur maj膮cych cechy materia艂贸w wybuchowych, zar贸wno krusz膮cych, inicjuj膮cych jak i miotaj膮cych.The history and evolution of explosives reach about two millennia backwards. Starting form the black powder, thought nitro-compounds and nitro-esthers, current directions of researches concern coordination transition metal compounds, called compounded salt. This researches leads to a number of new chemical structures which posses explosive parameters, just like blasting or primary explosives and propellants
Effect of low-energy impact damage on integrity of fabric-reinforced laminates
Om贸wiono problem uszkodze艅 wywo艂anych w kompoz.ycie polimerowym przez poprzeczne obci膮偶enia udarowe. Uszkodzenia udarowe obni偶aj膮 wytrzyma艂o艣膰 materia艂u oraz u艂atwiaj膮 inicja-cj臋 korozji napr臋偶eniowej, co ogranicza efektywno艣膰 stosowania kompoz.yt贸w polimerowych. Om贸wiono wyniki bada艅 wp艂ywu uszkodze艅 udarowych na struktur臋 i wytrzyma艂o艣膰 laminatu epoksydowo-szklanego wzmocnionego tkanin膮. Przedstawiono rezultaty pr贸b zm臋czeniowych pr贸bek z uszkodzeniem udarowym. Stwierdzone zmiany wytrzyma艂o艣ci na zginanie badanego la-minatu stanowi膮 potencjalnie mniejsze zagro偶enie w por贸wnaniu do otwartych p臋kni臋膰 poprzecz-nych widocznych ju偶 przy najmniejszej stosowanej energii uderzenia.Damage in polymer composite induced by lateral impact loads is discussed. This type of dama-ge reduces strength characteristics of a material and gives rise to stress corrosion being thus a principal limiting factor in application of composites in many areas of technology. The paper pre-sents results of investigations on the effect of impact damage on microstructure and strength of a glass-fabric reinforced epoxy laminate. Both static and cyclic tests were carried out to assess the most common combination of loads found in service. The chief conclusion states that open lateral cracks arising from impact pose the severest danger. They are formed by even mild impacts and must be regarded more detrimental to the material integrity than the observed decrease in bending strength
Polyolefin composites for special applications
Na przyk艂adzie wybranych aplikacji w artykule przedstawiono szerokie mo偶liwo艣ci zastosowa艅 tworzyw poliolefinowych jako materia艂贸w specjalnego przeznaczenia. Polimery te stosuje si臋 mi臋dzy innymi jako lepiszcza w plastycznych materia艂ach wybuchowych, paliwach rakietowych, w bezpiecznych 艣rodkach inicjuj膮cych aktywowanych 艣wiat艂em lasera oraz w elementach elastycznych 艂adunk贸w kumulacyjnych. Poliolefiny wykorzystuje si臋 r贸wnie偶 do produkcji element贸w chroni膮cych przed szkodliwymi czynnikami dzia艂aj膮cymi na polu walki.The article presents wide spectra of applications of polyolefin composites as materials for special purposes. These polymers are used as binders in plastic bonded explosives, in rocket propellants, in safe optical priming charges as well as in elements of flexible linear shaped charges. Polyolefins are also used for production of protective elements against harmful agents on the battlefield