Case Report: Congenital tuberculosis in an aborted dromedary camel fetus

Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious public health problem worldwide, especially in tropical developing countries. Nevertheless, reports on congenital TB in humans and animals are extremely rare. In this study, abortion was reported in an 8-year-old she-camel at the 9th month of gestation. The she-camel appeared healthy in clinical examination, had a good body condition score, normal appetite, and had no signs of respiratory disease and fever. The expelled placenta was dark red-colored, thickened, and edematous with multifocal to coalescing ecchymotic hemorrhages on the allantoic surface. The striking finding was multiple, white-yellow, solid nodular lesions in the fetal lung, the pleura, and the liver. On histopathology, typical granulomatous lesions were detected in the lung and the liver characterized by caseous necrosis surrounded by lymphocyte and macrophage infiltration and concentric layers of fibrosis. The Ziehl-Neelsen staining detected scarce acid-fast bacilli in lung and liver tissues. The DNA extracted from tubercular lesions from the lung and liver showed amplification of the IS6110 region of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex by PCR. The sequencing and phylogenetic analysis revealed a close association of these sequences with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The she-camel was detected positive for a single intradermal tuberculin test performed 24 h after abortion. This is the first report on congenital TB caused by M. tuberculosis in a dromedary camel fetus with a possible vertical transmission

Not Available

Not AvailableSheep farming is a traditional occupation of shepherds in arid, semiarid, coastal and mountain harsh topographies of the country. In the recent past, sheep farming has been undergoing rapid changes with the growing demand of mutton and remunerative price in the market. To enhance the sheep production, the adoption of newer economic and viable technologies is important. ICAR-CSWRI, Avikanagar is a premier institution engaged in research and development activities of sheep and wool. It has developed a large number of technology and innovations in sheep production and management in the recent past. Many of them are being used by the farmers in their flocks and harvesting the beneft of it in terms of increase in production of wool and mutton and higher return. Still, many of the technologies are not being used by the farmers in-spite of their positive perception for the technology, due to lack of capital, awareness and direction from the government and extension agencies. Te aim of this publication is to provide the stakeholders with up-to-date knowledge of sheep production and utilization technologies to enhance per animal productivity and to meet outrising demand of mutton and wool in the country.Not Availabl

Not Available

Not AvailablePCR amplification of callipyge gene yielded an amplified product of 426 bp in Indian sheep breeds. RFLP study of callipyge gene with FaqI (BsmFI) restriction enzyme revealed presence of wild type allele A with only one genotype (AA) and absence of the mutant allele G which is responsible for callipyge phenotype and enhanced mutton quality. The results revealed that there is absence of polymorphism at this locus and callipyge mutation is not found in all the studied Indian sheep breeds and fat tailed dumba sheep.Not Availabl

Not Available

Not AvailableBacterial esterases are gaining the importance in pharmaceuticals and agrochemical industries due to their excellent biocatalytic properties and a wide range of applications. In the present study, a novel gene encoding an esterase (designated as Est-CR) was identified from shotgun metagenomic sequencing data of camel rumen (Camelus dromedarius) liquor. The open reading frame consisted of 1,224bp, which showed 84.03% sequence identity to Bacteroidales bacterium, corresponding to a protein of 407 amino acids and has a catalytic domain belonging to an esterase. Est-CR belonged to family V with GLSMG domain. The purified enzyme with a molecular mass of 62.64 kDa was checked on SDS-PAGE, and its expression was confirmed by western blotting. The enzyme was active and stable over a broad range of temperature (35–65 °C), displayed the maximum activity at 50 °C and pH 7.0. Individually all metal ions inhibited the enzyme activity, while in combination, K2+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and Mn2+ metal ions enhanced the enzyme activity. The detergents strongly inhibited the activity, while EDTA (10 mM) increased the activity of the Est-CR enzyme. The enzyme showed specificity to short-chain substrates and displayed an optimum activity against butyrate ester. This novel enzyme might serve as a promising candidate to meet some harsh industrial processes enzymatic needs.Not Availabl

Not Available

Not AvailableBacterial esterases are gaining the importance in pharmaceuticals and agrochemical industries due to their excellent biocatalytic properties and a wide range of applications. In the present study, a novel gene encoding an esterase (designated as Est-CR) was identified from shotgun metagenomic sequencing data of camel rumen (Camelus dromedarius) liquor. The open reading frame consisted of 1,224bp, which showed 84.03% sequence identity to Bacteroidales bacterium, corresponding to a protein of 407 amino acids and has a catalytic domain belonging to an esterase. Est-CR belonged to family V with GLSMG domain. The purified enzyme with a molecular mass of 62.64 kDa was checked on SDS-PAGE, and its expression was confirmed by western blotting. The enzyme was active and stable over a broad range of temperature (35–65 °C), displayed the maximum activity at 50 °C and pH 7.0. Individually all metal ions inhibited the enzyme activity, while in combination, K2+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and Mn2+ metal ions enhanced the enzyme activity. The detergents strongly inhibited the activity, while EDTA (10 mM) increased the activity of the Est-CR enzyme. The enzyme showed specificity to short-chain substrates and displayed an optimum activity against butyrate ester. This novel enzyme might serve as a promising candidate to meet some harsh industrial processes enzymatic needs.Not Availabl

Not Available

Not AvailableThe aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in antioxidant activity and insulin content of camel milk after thermal treatment. Camel milk samples were collected from dairy farm (ICAR-National Research Centre on Camel, Bikaner, India). The samples were processed with two heat treatment methods: High Temperature Short Time (HTST) and Low Temperature and Long Time (LTLT) and fresh camel milk (untreated) was used as control. The antioxidant activity of the milk was measured by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and 2, 2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity. Insulin concentration was determined using ELISA kits in the different milk samples. DPPH radical scavenging activity was significantly lower (p0.05) difference in the insulin content in heat treated groups when compared with control group. Thus, data suggested that the milk processing by HTST pasteurisation preserves the antioxidant activity as well as insulin content in camel milk.Not Availabl

Not Available

Not AvailableBackground Camels are known for their survival under harsh and nutrient deficient climates. Camel rumen ecosystem presents a unique opportunity to study the ruminal microbes helping the camel in this task. The genus Aspergillus is extensively studied filamentous fungus due to its ability to secret industrially important enzymes. The present study was aimed to isolate and characterize microbes with lignocellulolytic capacity from camel rumen.Not Availabl