Guidelines for the use of flow cytometry and cell sorting in immunological studies (third edition)

The third edition of Flow Cytometry Guidelines provides the key aspects to consider when performing flow cytometry experiments and includes comprehensive sections describing phenotypes and functional assays of all major human and murine immune cell subsets. Notably, the Guidelines contain helpful tables highlighting phenotypes and key differences between human and murine cells. Another useful feature of this edition is the flow cytometry analysis of clinical samples with examples of flow cytometry applications in the context of autoimmune diseases, cancers as well as acute and chronic infectious diseases. Furthermore, there are sections detailing tips, tricks and pitfalls to avoid. All sections are written and peer‐reviewed by leading flow cytometry experts and immunologists, making this edition an essential and state‐of‐the‐art handbook for basic and clinical researchers.DFG, 389687267, Kompartimentalisierung, Aufrechterhaltung und Reaktivierung humaner Gedächtnis-T-Lymphozyten aus Knochenmark und peripherem BlutDFG, 80750187, SFB 841: Leberentzündungen: Infektion, Immunregulation und KonsequenzenEC/H2020/800924/EU/International Cancer Research Fellowships - 2/iCARE-2DFG, 252623821, Die Rolle von follikulären T-Helferzellen in T-Helferzell-Differenzierung, Funktion und PlastizitätDFG, 390873048, EXC 2151: ImmunoSensation2 - the immune sensory syste

NANOMATERIAL AND SMALL MOLECULE APPROACHES IN HUMAN HEMATOPOIETIC STEM AND PROGENITOR CELL EXPANSION

Ph.DDOCTOR OF PHILOSOPH

Assessing the cropland changes into agroforestry and its livelihood outcomes: Evidence from northern Bangladesh

This research was conducted to assess the scope and impact of the conversion of croplands into agroforestry orchards considering characterizing agroforestry growers, identify challenges they face during the transition process, and gather their recommended strategies to address these challenges.The investigation took place in Sadar and Biral upazila within Dinajpur district of northern part of Bangladesh. To establish a sample group, an updated roster of total 266 agroforestry growers was procured from the respective Upazila Agriculture Offices. Using a simple random sampling method, 80 growers were selected for participation in this study. Data was gathered through structured and pretested interview schedules administered to respondents between April 15th and May 15th, 2022. The study evaluated ten key attributes of agroforestry growers, encompassing factors like age, educational background, farm size, farming experience, family income, extension network engagement, agricultural knowledge, innovation inclination, marketing orientation, and technological attitude. The central focus of the study centered on the transition from croplands to agroforestry orchards. The study revealed that over the period spanning 1990 to 2022, agroforestry farmers in the study region converted cropland into orchards with varying extents, ranging from 13 % to 19.83 %. The substitution of predominant crops such as rice, maize, and wheat, along with minor crops like potatoes, vegetables, mustard, garlic, turmeric, and napier grass, marked the transition to agroforestry practices. Evaluating the consequences of this transition, approximately 60.00 % of growers perceived medium-level impacts on economic aspects, while 70.00 %, 61.25 %, and 58.75 % alleged the effects on environmental conditions, household food security, and social status, respectively as also moderately. Among the challenges faced during this shift, the most prominent was the difficulty in obtaining fair prices due to intermediary involvement. Conversely, elevated production costs were regarded as a lesser concern. Respondents put forth a variety of solutions, with the primary recommendation being the organization of enhanced training programs for farmers on scientific agroforestry systems management. In contrast, the concept of fostering appropriate coordination among agroforestry practitioners garnered less attention as a potential solution. Therefore, for farmer's enhanced benefit as well as for better environmental outputs and food security, agroforestry product marketing strategy should be strengthening using site specific policy and program

Cotransplantation of Ex Vivo Expanded and Unexpanded Cord Blood Units in Immunodeficient Mice Using Insulin Growth Factor Binding Protein-2-Augmented Mesenchymal Cell Cocultures

10.1016/j.bbmt.2012.01.001Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation185674-682BBMT

The CD4−CD8− MAIT Cell Subpopulation is a Functionally Distinct Subset Developmentally related to the Main CD8+ MAIT Cell Pool

Mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are unconventional innate-like T cells that recognize microbial riboflavin metabolites presented by the MHC class I-like protein MR1. Human MAIT cells predominantly express the CD8α coreceptor (CD8+), with a smaller subset lacking both CD4 and CD8 (double-negative, DN). However, it is unclear if these two MAIT cell subpopulations distinguished by CD8α represent functionally distinct subsets. Here, we show that the two MAIT cell subsets express divergent transcriptional programs and distinct patterns of classic T cell transcription factors. Furthermore, CD8+ MAIT cells have higher levels of receptors for IL-12 and IL-18, as well as of the activating receptors CD2, CD9, and NKG2D, and display superior functionality following stimulation with riboflavin-autotrophic as well as riboflavin-auxotrophic bacterial strains. DN MAIT cells display higher RORγt/T-bet ratio, and express less IFN-γ and more IL-17. Furthermore, the DN subset displays enrichment of an apoptosis gene signature and higher propensity for activation-induced apoptosis. During development in human fetal tissues, DN MAIT cells are more mature and accumulate over gestational time with reciprocal contraction of the CD8+ subset. Analysis of the T cell receptor repertoire reveals higher diversity in CD8+ MAIT cells than in DN MAIT cells. Finally, chronic T cell receptor stimulation of CD8+ MAIT cells in an in vitro culture system supports the accumulation and maintenance of the DN subpopulation. These findings define human CD8+ and DN MAIT cells as functionally distinct subsets and indicate a derivative developmental relationship