Prevalence And Physiological Significance Of Gene Looping In Saccharomyces Cerevisiae

My Ph.D. dissertation work is focused on studying the role of promoter-bound transcription initiation factors involved in gene looping. In this study we showed that the RNAP II subunit Rpb4 has a significant effect on termination of transcription. Gene looping is disrupted in the absence of Rpb4. Rpb4 shows a strong physical interaction with the Mediator subunit Srb5. Mediator subunit Srb5 crosslinked to the 5\u27 and 3\u27 ends of INO1 and CHA1 genes and is required for proper termination of transcription of these genes. Srb5 affected termination of transcription through its interaction with the CF1 complex. Srb5 interaction with the CF1 complex as well as its crosslinking to the 3′ end of the genes is dependent on gene looping. Even in the presence of Srb5, proper termination INO1 and CHA1 was compromised in the absence of gene looping. These results strongly indicate a role for gene looping in Srb5-mediated termination of transcription. More importantly, this study has identified a yet another biological role for gene looping in transcription. The prevalence of gene looping was analyzed by genomewide TFIIB ChIP-Seq. The simultaneous presence of TFIIB on both the promoter and terminator of a gene was taken as a measure of gene looping. Our results suggest that gene looping is not restricted to a few transcriptionally active genes in yeast, but is probably a general feature of actively transcribing genes in budding yeast

Analysis of pollutants present in the ground water due to Leachates at Thuraipakkam Dumpyard, Chennai

Water is a gift of nature, but many regions are facing water shortage due to its being polluted by human activities, or increasing demand by industrialization and high population growth. In the present scenario most of the wastes which are discharged into natural water bodies such as lakes and rivers, it also affects the ground water quality. Groundwater is the alternative source of fresh water in areas where surface water is polluted and deficit. However, the ground water that is polluted by various sources e.g. solid waste, Industrial waste etc. The leachate from Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) landfills is a highly concentrated, so it can pollute large amounts of groundwater and hence it becomes unsuitable for domestic purposes. In this study we have analyzed the physical and chemical parameters of ground water samples at Thuraipakkam dumpyard located at Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India and the impacts of leachates on ground water is evaluated. In this report we have summarized the laboratory results of all the samples collected from the study area against the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) for drinking water. Spatial maps also created using ArcGIS Software for various parameters. The results of this study demonstrated that, the high concentration of Total Dissolved Solids, Electrical Conductivity, Hardness, Nitrates, Chlorides, Sulphates in ground water near landfill deteriorates the quality of water are compared to the samples away from the dumping yard. Keywords: ground water quality, leachate, ArcGIS, spatial maps

Dynamic Interactive Voice Response System Using Ontology and Java Expert System Shell

AbstractInteractive Voice Response (IVR) System is a technology that permits automated technologies to interact by way of customers via voice or Dual Tone Multi Frequency (DTMF) signalling keypad. An IVR system (IVRS) receives a combination of speech telephone input and keypad choice and affords suitable responses in the custom of voice. This paper is about the Dynamic IVRS for service oriented applications. In this system the request and response are handled as a services. The services can co-operate with each further to convey sophisticated added-value services. Ontologies are designed to maintain the insufficient information, hidden facts, knowledge sharing and also to handle the complete service functionalities. An ontology is a depiction (like a proper specification of a program) of the concepts and relationships that can exist for a customer. This system uses Java Expert System Shell for dynamic menu generation. JESS is a rule-engine and scripting environment which has the capability to context analysing by its intelligence. The objective of this paper is to reduce the execution delay which is measured in terms of the call length. This research optimizes the search space using Finite State Machine (FSM). It leads to better utilization and virtualization of IVR system

Three-dimensional Stem Cell Aggregates for Cartilage Tissue Engineering

Osteoarthritis is the degradation of the knee cartilage within the joints that is often painful and can be debilitating and affect movement, thus impacting the overall quality of life. Current approved treatment methods include microfracture, autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) and osteochondral autograft transfer system (OATS). Tissue engineering approaches that are still under clinical trials include naturally derived or synthetic biocompatible scaffolds that possess good mechanical properties, or minimally manipulated devices like decellularized juvenile cartilage that are yet to demonstrate long-term benefits. Using the therapeutic potential of undifferentiated stem cells not only provides a sustainable and long-term approach but also promotes natural healing of the damages cartilage through biochemical cues. The current thesis work describes the evaluation of 3D stem cell aggregates for the regeneration of the osteochondral interface to overcome some of the limitations posed by the above surgical techniques. In vitro and in vivo studies were completed to evaluate the performance of aggregates in both a hydrogel system and a rat in vivo system. Compared to conventional cell suspensions, aggregates had improved cellular response, biochemical content and higher chondroinductive gene expression. Furthermore, the chondrogenic nature of the aggregate was next investigated as a consequence of cellular media priming and substrate coating. Specifically, ‘raw materials’ such as chondroitin sulfate and aggrecan in the culture medium outperformed growth factors in chondroinductive gene expression and collagen production, thus producing chondromimetic cellular aggregates. In vivo studies demonstrated the feasibility and efficacy of cellular aggregate technology with two different cell densities and combining them with fibrin at the defect site. In the Sprague-Dawley rat knee, implants with higher cell density aggregates received higher morphology scores, better immunohistochemistry staining, and demonstrated the best defect filling compared to the fibrin-alone group. Moreover, this thesis has taken the cell-aggregate technology from an in vitro proof of concept study to a translational in vivo animal model, thus opening new avenues of investigation for further refinement of the technology. The important next steps will be to characterize the mechanical properties of the scaffolds in an in vivo model, and further explore the regenerative-potential of the stem cell aggregates in a large animal model

Congestion Control for Adaptive Satellite Communication Systems with Intelligent Systems

With the advent of life critical and real-time services such as remote operations over satellite, e-health etc, providing the guaranteed minimum level of services at every ground terminal of the satellite communication system has gained utmost priority. Ground terminals and the hub are not equipped with the required intelligence to predict and react to inclement and dynamic weather conditions on its own. The focus of this thesis is to develop intelligent algorithms that would aid in adaptive management of the quality of service at the ground terminal and the gateway level. This is done to adapt both the ground terminal and gateway to changing weather conditions and to attempt to maintain a steady throughput level and Quality of Service (QoS) requirements on queue delay, jitter, and probability of loss of packets. The existing satellite system employs the First-In-First-Out routing algorithm to control congestion in their networks. This mechanism is not equipped with adequate ability to contend with changing link capacities, a common result due to bad weather and faults and to provide different levels of prioritized service to the customers that satisfies QoS requirements. This research proposes to use the reported strength of fuzzy logic in controlling highly non-linear and complex system such as the satellite communication network. The proposed fuzzy based model when integrated into the satellite gateway provides the needed robustness to the ground terminals to comprehend with varying levels of traffic and dynamic impacts of weather

An Open Label Prospective Study on Uricosuric Effects of Losartan in Hypertensive Patients with Hyperuricaemia

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY : In essential hypertension, the comorbidity of hyperuricaemia is very common which leads to cardiovascular morbidity. So the present study was done to focus on the uricosuric effect of losartan in newly diagnosed hypertensive patients with hyperuricaemia. OBJECTIVES : 1. Changes in serum uric acid & urinary uric acid excretion from baseline to the endpoint. 2. Changes in blood pressure and lipid profile from baseline to the endpoint. 3. Improvement in quality of life score. 4. Tolerability of tablet losartan. METHODOLOGY : Fifty four hypertensive patients with hyperuricaemia who fulfilled the eligible criteria were included in the study.All the study participants were given T.Losartan 50mg once daily for four weeks. At the end of 1st,2nd, 3rd and 4th week blood pressure control, tolerance and compliance were monitored. At the end of 4th week all the baseline laboratory parameters like renal function test, liver function test, lipid prolife, random blood sugar, serum uric acid and urinary uric acid elimination were performed. The EQ-5D questionnaires were completed at two points in the study time: at the patient’s initial visit and after 4 weeks of Losartan therapy. RESULTS : The results were statistically analysed. There was statistically significant reduction in mean serum uric acid from 6.43mg/dl to 5.33mg/dl with p<0.0001. The mean urinary uric acid excretion was increased from 418.12mg/day to 467.84md/day which was statistically significant( p<0.001). The mean systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure and lipid profile values were reduced significantly with p<0.0001. Improvements in the QOL parameters, paralleled with improvement of the clinical picture.Losartan was well tolerated. CONCLUSION : Losartan is safe and effective in treating hypertensive patients with hyperuricaemia due to its uricosuric effect and it also has benefits of reducing serum glucose, lipid levels; and improvement in the quality of life

A study to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on awareness and readiness to change the abusive behavior among persons with alcohol use in selected community at Coimbatore

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM: A study to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on awareness and readiness to change the abusive behavior among persons with alcohol use in the selected community at Coimbatore. OBJECTIVES: 1. To assess the awareness about the hazards of alcoholism and readiness to change the abusive behaviour among persons with alcohol use. 2. To administer the structured teaching programme about the hazards of alcoholism and its management. 3. To evaluate the effectiveness of Structured teaching programme regarding the hazards of alcoholism and its management. 4. To correlate the hazards of alcoholism and readiness to change the abusive behaviour among persons with alcohol use. 5. To associate the effectiveness of Structured teaching programme awareness about the hazards of alcoholism and readiness to change the abusive behavior among persons with alcohol use. HYPOTHESIS: H1: There will be a significant difference between the pretest and posttest score on awareness about the hazards of alcoholism and readiness to change the abusive behaviour. H2: There will be a significant association between the effectiveness of Structured teaching programme on awareness and readiness to change the abusive behaviour with selected demographic variables. METHODOLOGY: One group pre-test and post-test designwas used. The population in the study includes the alcohol abusers in the age group of 20-65 years and who are residing in Podanur community area Coimbatore.The pre-test was done by using the Structured Questionnaire on awareness of the hazards of alcoholism and Modified Socrates readiness to change Questionnaire. Then the structured teaching programme was given on the hazards of alcoholism and its management by the lecture method with audio-visual aids for 45 minutes.Post-test was conducted on the 15th day by using the same questionnaire. Inferential and descriptive statistics were used to analyze the statistical values. CONCLUSION: The improvement means a score of awareness of hazards of alcoholism and its management was 11.16 with the standard deviation of 7.32 and the "t" value was 10.77 which was significant at 0.05 level. In case of readiness to change, the mean value was 32.42 with the standard deviation was 22.99 and the "t" value was 9.07 which was significant at 0.05 level. There was a significant positive correlation between awareness and readiness to change the abusive behavior found in the analysis. There was a significant association found between age and post-test scores regarding awareness about the hazards of alcoholism among persons with alcohol use

Development and Evaluation of Extended Release Tablets of Repinirole using various Polymes

AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE WORK : The aimof the present study was to formulate and evaluate extended release tablets of ropinirole. The main objectives of the present work are 1. To reduce Dosing frequency of drug by sustaining its release. 2. To Study Drug and Polymer interactions. 3. To develop Stable, pharmaceutically equivalent formulation. 4. Compare the developed formulation with that of reference formulation. 5. To develop cost effective medicine when compared to marketed products. 6. Short term stability study of the optimized formulation according to ICH Guidelines. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION:R o pinirole Extended Release Tablets were Generic product of REQUIP XL(Innovator) of GlaxoSmithKline. The Preformulation studies includes drug excipient compatibility by HPLC was conducted and the results obtained showed that good compatible with Ropinirole.In the present study, the tablets were prepared by dry granulation. During the core optimization, formulation (F1(4)(3)(3)) shows better drug release over 24 hrs of time and its release is 98%, this formula is optimized for functional coating optimization, Among ratios of ethyl cellulose and Opadry white the ratio of 20:80 was found to provide the desired release profile and the tablets were evaluated for Thickness, Hardness, Friability, and Assay. From the drug release kinetics follows Higuchi model Non-fickian transport. Dissolution profile concludes that our product and innovator product are pharmaceutically equivalent. Stability studies conducted according to ICH guidelines carried out for a period of 3 months in short term period. The results were within the specification at accelerated conditions concludes our formulation is stable

A STUDY ON ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTY OF HERBAL-BIOPOLYMER NANOENCAPSULATE TREATED FABRIC

The present study deals with the eco friendly antibacterial finish that has been integrated into bamboo/cotton woven treated fabric in the form of nanocapsules using ethanolic terminalia chebula, Rosmarinus officinalis and Opuntia littoralis (2:1:2) ratio and Chitosan biopolymer extracts&nbsp; by exhaust method in order to reduce the bacterial growth on the fabric. This herbals-biopolymer extract was evaluated for activity against medically challenging bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The in-vitro antibacteria were performed by AATCC 147 for the treated nanoencapsule coated sample. Then the coated sample was analyzed for morphology using FTIR, FESEM and Cytotoxicity test. Thus the study supports the concept of nano encapsulation providing better additional properties to bamboo/cotton fabric and the application of nanotechnology is one of the supreme ways for humanizing the antibacterial activity