ENDOSCOPIC TYPMPANOMASTOID EXPLORATION [FUNCTIONAL ENDOSCOPIC EAR SURGERY-FEES]

Tympano mastoidectomy is usually performed using operating microscope. This study reports a case series of tympanomastoidectomy which was performed using an endoscope.Endoscopic Tympanomastoidectomy for atticoantral type of CSOM is an excellent technique for complete removal of cholesteatoma especially from inaccessible areas of middle ear cleft including facial recess, sinustympani Transmeatal removal of disease from mastoid antrum and even tip cells is possible withendoscopes. Preservation of as much of normal mucosa of the middle ear cleft is possible with thistechnique, which promotes early reaeration of the mastoid cavity leading to better hearing outcome.Soft wall reconstruction has distinctive advantage of short additional time for reconstruction procedures, restoration of self cleaning EAC, early post operative epithelisation of tympanicmembrane and the EAC. Limitation of endoscopic technique: The endoscopic technique of tympanomastoidectomy with softwall reconstruction is not possible in cases with large mastoid cavity and in ears where a thin lateral rim of bony meatal wall (that can support soft wall) is retained, because of extensive disease.Like Functional Endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) for nose, Endoscopes have changed thetreatment concept of atticoantral disease, with complete removal of the disease andpreservation of normal mucosa, that restores the normal physiology of middle ear cleft. Thishas led to the development of new concept of Functional Endoscopic Ear Surgery (FEES) foratticoantral type of CSOM.

An unusual presentation of morel- lavallee lesion in the arm: a case report

Morel-lavallee lesions (MLL) are post traumatic closed internal de-gloving injury with abrupt separation of skin and subcutaneous tissue from the underlying fascia. The shearing force damages the blood vessels and lymphatics, resulting in collection of the serosanguinous fluid and necrotized fat. Early diagnosis and management minimize complications like infections or extensive skin necrosis. MLLs commonly described in pelvic and lower extremity trauma, and there are limited reports in other locations. A 28-year-old male presented with pain and swelling over the left elbow for 6 days with multiple deep bruises over the skin extending from mid arm to proximal forearm.  Ultrasound of the arm revealed a large encapsulated collection consistent with MLL. An open debridement with excision of all necrotic skin and necrotic tissue was performed followed by skin grafting. Intra-operative cultures were negative and pathology was consistent with MLL. Morel-lavallee lesions should always be considered as early diagnosis of previous trauma regardless the location. The key to recognize this injury depends on suspicious mechanism involving significant shear forces. Aggressive surgical debridement remains the key to prevent significant morbidity and mortality

Employment, Income and Labour Supply Decision of Rural Households : An Economic Analysis of MGNREGS in Tamil Nadu

In India, Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGMGNREGS) is one of the major rural development programmes. It provides guaranteed employment to the rural households for 100 days in a year. This paper has attempted to find out the employment status, income and labour supply decision of the participants and non-participants of MGNREGS in Tamil Nadu. It has also studied the household nutritional security of these households. The study has revealed that the number of migrants in the family, number of livestock units owned, and number of person-days employed in agriculture, nonagriculture and MGNREGS are significantly influenced by the household income of the participants and non-participants of MGNREGS. The analysis of household food-security has shown that the expenditure for all commodities, viz. leisure, cereals, pulses, oils, fruits & vegetables, milk, chicken and fish are positive and significant in the case of MGNREGS participants, whereas the expenditure variable is significant only for two commodities, viz. cereals and oils in case of MGNREGS non-participants. It shows that the MGNREGS participants consume more high-value commodities like milk, chicken and fish, as compared to MGNREGS non-participants. The labour supply decision of sample respondents has shown that the elasticity of labour supply with respect to wage rate is more than one in both participants and non-participants of MGNREGS, indicating that an one per cent increase in wage rate increases labour supply by 1.92 per cent and 2.36 per cent, respectively. In addition, as the number of dependents increases, the household increases labour supply to derive additional income to meet the increased household expenditures. An interesting and encouraging observation is that the scheme has reduced the migration of people from rural to urban areas.MGNREGS, employment, income, labour supply, Agricultural and Food Policy, J21, J22, H23, I31,

Effect of sodium arsenite on liver function related enzymes of cat fish Heteropneustes fossilis and its chelation by zeolite

Arsenic has been associated with a multitude of health problems and various works to study its impact on different organisms are being done in different parts of the world. Remediation of metal toxicity in environment and animal body including man is a controversial topic. Fishes accumulate the toxicant easily through food chain and water and transfer it to humans. In the present study the impact of arsenic on enzymes of the fish Heteropneustes fossilis and the ability of synthetic zeolite as chelating agent were carried out. The alteration in activities of GPT, GOT and Alkaline phosphatase in the liver of Heteropneustes fossilis and the chelating effect of synthetic zeolite on it was studied after exposure to different concentrations of sodium arsenite for different durations. Fishes are exposed to two different concentrations of sodium arsenite (200 mL and 400 mL of 1% solution), for 3 different durations (3days, 7days and 15 days).The activities of GPT (F=46.63>14.24) and ALP (F=595.33>190.97) was found significantly elevated along with increasing concentration of sodium arsenite. The reversal of the effect on treatment with 1% solution of zeolite, along with sodium arsenite (GPT, F=47.78 > 14.24; and ALP, F=562.33 > 190.97, at 5% P) was reported. Where as the activity for GOT showed significant decrease (F= 132.12 > 49.69, at 5% P) on exposure to sodium arsenite and in this case also reversal of the effect on chelation with zeolite (F=107.21>49.69, at 5% P), was noticed

R-charged AdS bubble

We construct R-charged adS bubbles in $D =5$, ${\cal N} =8$ supergravity. These bubbles are charecterised by four parameters. The asymptotic boundary of these solutions are deSitter times a circle. By comparing boundary energies, we study the possibility of a transition from certain class of black holes to these bubbles below a critical radius of the boundary circle. We argue that this may occur when four parameters of the bubble satisfy a constraint among themselves.Comment: 7 pages, LaTex, 2 figures, discussed stability of the soln., references added, Journal versio

Synthesis, antimicrobial evaluation and QSAR studies of p-amino benzoic acid derivatives

A series of Schiff bases (1-16) and esters (17-27) of p-amino benzoic acid (PABA) was synthesized and its in vitro antimicrobial potential was evaluated by using tube dilution method. Compound 11 was found to be most promising antibacterial agent (pMICbs = 2.11 μM/ml) having antibacterial potential comparable to standard drug norfloxacin (pMICbs = 2.61 μM/ml) and may be taken as a lead compound for the development of novel antibacterial agents. QSAR analysis indicated that electronic parameters, total energy (Te) and energy of lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) were found dominant in explaining the antimicrobial activity of synthesized compounds

Harvesting Power Through Random Vibrations of Aerospace Vehicles from Nanostructured La-Pb(Ni1/3Sb2/3) - PbZrTiO3 Ferroelectric Ceramics

Synthesis by mechanochemical activation route and optimisation for power harvesting properties of nano-structured Pb0.98La0.02(NiSb)0.05[(Zr0.52Ti0.48)0.995]0.95O3 [La-PNS-PZT] ferroelectric ceramic composition has been carried out and reported here for the first time. Progressive perovskite phase formation during mechanical activation from 5 h to 40 h followed by reactive sintering was analyzed from X-Ray Diffraction analysis. Noticeable formation of perovskite phase after10 h of milling and further its completion in successive reactive sintering was observed. Particle morphology of the 10 h activated nano-La-PNS-PZT powder analysed by High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope (HRTEM) indicated average particle size (d50) of about 24nm. Microstructural studies of samples reactively sintered at 1220 °C were performed by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) for powders activated for various durations, indicated the compact microstructure for 10 h activation which resulted in optimum piezoelectric properties viz. piezoelectric charge coefficient (d33=449x10-12 C/N), piezoelectric voltage coefficient (g33= 32x10-3 m-V/N), Figure of merit for power harvesting (14.4 x10-12 V-m-C/N2) accompanied by excellent stability of permittivity in the range -50 °C to 100 °C. The output voltage obtained from simulated random vibrations of aerospace vehicles at various Power Spectrum Density (PSD) values, measures about 3.0 mV output across resistance of 1 kΩ  indicating suitability of composition for harvesting the power from aerospace vehicle vibrations

An update on prodrugs from natural products

AbstractA natural prodrug is a chemical compound or substance obtained from plants, microorganism, animal and marine sources. Natural products are small molecule source for Food and Drug Administration approved drugs and major sources for drug discovery. Most of the drugs for different ailment diseases undergo first pass metabolism, resulting in drug inactivation and the generation of toxic metabolites in body. Enormous numbers of prodrugs naturally present in plants, microorganism, animal and marine sources and those prodrugs undergoes chemical reaction to form non-toxic compounds. This review summarizes the list of prodrugs naturally present in the natural product