Segmentación de imágenes de resonancia magnética en contraste de fase para el estudio de la dinámica del líquido cefalorraquídeo perimedular

La imagen de resonancia magnética en contraste de fase permite estudiar la dinámica del líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR) perimedular de manera cuantitativa. Sin embargo la anatomía propia del espacio subaracnoideo dificulta la segmentación del LCR debido a la presencia de estructuras vasculares y nervios raquídeos. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir un método de segmentación semiautomático para el estudio de la dinámica del LCR perimedular. El proceso se inicializa con un punto semilla dentro de la región a analizar. El algoritmo crea un mapa de correlación, calcula un valor de umbral y clasifica píxeles de LCR combinando diversas características temporales del comportamiento del flujo como atributos de entrada a un algoritmo k-medias. Un observador llevó a cabo 10 veces la segmentación en 5 sujetos sanos y se calculó el volumen por ciclo y el área en el espacio perimedular C2C3. Las variaciones de las medidas fueron evaluadas como una estimación de la reproducibilidad del método. Para esto se calculó el coeficiente de variación. La variabilidad de las medidas fue menor del 5%. El método facilita la cuantificación del LCR perimedular. En 16 sujetos sanos se cuantificó el volumen por ciclo de LCR y el área en el espacio C2C3 y cisterna prepontina

Pressure evolution of electronic and crystal structure of non-centrosymmetric EuCoGe3_3

We report on the pressure evolution of the electronic and crystal structures of the noncentrosymmetric antiferromagnet EuCoGe3. Using a diamond anvil cell, we performed high pressure fluorescence detected near-edge x-ray absorption spectroscopy at the Eu L3, Co K, and Ge K edges and synchrotron powder x-ray diffraction. In the Eu L3 spectrum, both divalent and trivalent Eu peaks are observed from the lowest pressure measurement (~2 GPa). By increasing pressure, the relative intensity of the trivalent Eu peak increases, and an average Eu valence continuously increases from 2.2 at 2 GPa to 2.31 at~50 GPa. On the other hand, no discernible changes are observed in the Co K and Ge K spectra as a function of pressure. With the increase in pressure, lattice parameters continuously decrease without changing I4mm symmetry. Our study revealed a robust divalent Eu state and an unchanged crystal symmetry of EuCoGe3 against pressure.Comment: Accepted in PRB https://journals.aps.org/prb/accepted/b2073O6fL9e1ca40307905b1de5bf05de12d8fc1

Progress in Neutron Scattering Studies of Spin Excitations in High-Tc Cuprates

Neutron scattering experiments continue to improve our knowledge of spin fluctuations in layered cuprates, excitations that are symptomatic of the electronic correlations underlying high-temperature superconductivity. Time-of-flight spectrometers, together with new and varied single crystal samples, have provided a more complete characterization of the magnetic energy spectrum and its variation with carrier concentration. While the spin excitations appear anomalous in comparison with simple model systems, there is clear consistency among a variety of cuprate families. Focusing initially on hole-doped systems, we review the nature of the magnetic spectrum, and variations in magnetic spectral weight with doping. We consider connections with the phenomena of charge and spin stripe order, and the potential generality of such correlations as suggested by studies of magnetic-field and impurity induced order. We contrast the behavior of the hole-doped systems with the trends found in the electron-doped superconductors. Returning to hole-doped cuprates, studies of translation-symmetry-preserving magnetic order are discussed, along with efforts to explore new systems. We conclude with a discussion of future challenges.Comment: revised version, to be published in JPSJ, 20 pages, 21 figure

ICP curve morphology and intracranial flow-volume changes: a simultaneous ICP and cine phase contrast MRI study in humans

Background: The intracranial pressure (ICP) curve with its different peaks has been extensively studied, but the exact physiological mechanisms behind its morphology are still not fully understood. Both intracranial volume change (ΔICV) and transmission of the arterial blood pressure have been proposed to shape the ICP curve. This study tested the hypothesis that the ICP curve correlates to intracranial volume changes. Methods: Cine phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations were performed in neuro-intensive care patients with simultaneous ICP monitoring. The MRI was set to examine cerebral arterial inflow and venous cerebral outflow as well as flow of cerebrospinal fluid over the foramen magnum. The difference in total flow into and out from the cranial cavity (Flowtot) over time provides the ΔICV. The ICP curve was compared to the Flowtot and the ΔICV. Correlations were calculated through linear and logarithmic regression. Student’s t test was used to test the null hypothesis between paired samples. Results: Excluding the initial ICP wave, P1, the mean R2 for the correlation between the ΔICV and the ICP was 0.75 for the exponential expression, which had a higher correlation than the linear (p = 0.005). The first ICP peaks correlated to the initial peaks of Flowtot with a mean R2 = 0.88. Conclusion: The first part, or the P1, of the ICP curve seems to be created by the first rapid net inflow seen in Flowtot while the rest of the ICP curve seem to correlate to the ΔICV

Segmentación de imágenes de resonancia magnética en contraste de fase para el estudio de la dinámica del líquido cefalorraquídeo perimedular

La imagen de resonancia magnética en contraste de fase permite estudiar la dinámica del líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR) perimedular de manera cuantitativa. Sin embargo la anatomía propia del espacio subaracnoideo dificulta la segmentación del LCR debido a la presencia de estructuras vasculares y nervios raquídeos. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir un método de segmentación semiautomático para el estudio de la dinámica del LCR perimedular. El proceso se inicializa con un punto semilla dentro de la región a analizar. El algoritmo crea un mapa de correlación, calcula un valor de umbral y clasifica píxeles de LCR combinando diversas características temporales del comportamiento del flujo como atributos de entrada a un algoritmo k-medias. Un observador llevó a cabo 10 veces la segmentación en 5 sujetos sanos y se calculó el volumen por ciclo y el área en el espacio perimedular C2C3. Las variaciones de las medidas fueron evaluadas como una estimación de la reproducibilidad del método. Para esto se calculó el coeficiente de variación. La variabilidad de las medidas fue menor del 5%. El método facilita la cuantificación del LCR perimedular. En 16 sujetos sanos se cuantificó el volumen por ciclo de LCR y el área en el espacio C2C3 y cisterna prepontina

Correlation between tap test and CSF aqueductal stroke volume in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus.

INTRODUCTION: The diagnosis and management of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (INPH) remains unclear despite the development of guidelines. In addition, the role of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) aqueductal stroke volume (ASV) remains unspecified. Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the results of the tap test (TT) and ASV in patients with possible INPH. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Among 21 patients investigated with both TT and phase-contrast (PC) MRI, we identified two groups, with either (1) a positive TT (PTT) or (2) a negative one (NTT), and we compared their ASV as measured by PC-MRI. ASV cutoff value was set at 70 μL/cardiac cycle (mean value +2 standard deviations in age-matched healthy subjects). RESULTS: In the PTT group (n = 9), the mean ASV was 175 ± 71 μL. Among these patients, four were shunted, and improved after surgery. In the NTT group, two patients were finally diagnosed with aqueductal stenosis and excluded. Among the remaining patients (n = 10), the mean ASV was 96 ± 93 μL (p < 0.05). However, three of these patients presented with hyperdynamic ASV, and an associated neurodegenerative disorder was diagnosed. Two patients had ventriculoperitoneal shunting despite their NTT, and improved. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSIONS: In our patient population, the noninvasive measurement of hyperdynamic ASV correlated with PTT, suggesting PC-MRI could be utilized to select those patients who would benefit from shunting. ASV may therefore be an interesting supplemental diagnosis tool

Evidence for Room Temperature Electric Polarization in R M n 2 O 5 Multiferroics

International audienc

Role of flow magnetic resonance imaging in the monitoring of facial allotransplantations: preliminary results on graft vasculopathy.

Chronic vascular rejection characterized by the myointimal proliferation of smooth muscle cells that progressively obstruct the arterial graft lumen may become the main cause of long-term graft loss in vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA), as observed in solid organ transplantation. As such, new diagnostic tools are required. The objective of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of flow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the qualitative and quantitative monitoring of VCA in three patients transplanted between 2005 and 2012. Seven flow MRI acquisitions were performed concurrently with standardized clinical and histological monitoring between 2015 and 2017. A progressive reduction in the average flow rate and intraluminal diameter of the arterial pedicle of the grafts was demonstrated. During follow-up, two patients developed chronic vascular rejection requiring partial resection of the graft. For these patients, flow MRI acquisitions were characterized by a significant reduction in vascular signal, with a reduction in intravascular flow prior to anatomical injury. The results of this study confirm the feasibility of reproducible, non-invasive, and non-operator-dependent morphometric and haemodynamic radiological analysis, providing clinicians with new information on the vascular status of VCA over time and offering the prospect of an imaging technique specific to vascular outflow