REASONS OF STUDENT SOCIAL APATHY

The purpose of the article: The purpose of this study is to identify the social representations of students about the manifestations of social apathy and its causes. The leading methods for the study of this problem are the method of questioning, which allows conducting a qualitative analysis of students’ social representations about the manifestations of social apathy and its causes; to identify the opinion of students about the manifestations of social apathy in the behavior of young people. Materials and methods: As the main method of research in this work, the method of questioning is chosen. Results of the research: Positions of overcoming of social apathy are allocated: social apathy is a personal problem with which the person has to cope independently, nobody can help him with it; the help of collective in the solution of this problem is necessary; participation of professional psychologists is necessary. The point of view of students is revealed that the solution to this problem has to be complex: the person, collective, psychologists, other social institutions. A number of features of social behavior attributed to people subject to social apathy are shown: unsociability, isolation, irresponsibility, passivity, immersion in their own problems, exposure to someone else's influence, and an understated level of claims. Applications: This research can be used for universities, teachers, and students. Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of reasons for student social apathy is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner

Myth as a Means of Ordering and Organizing Social Reality

This study investigates the phenomenon of social myth as a factor of forming and transforming the consciousness of social actors. It is defined that one of the factors of appealing to mythological representation of reality is the crisis of scientific orientations of modernism. In this plane, the article studies phenomenological receptions of myth as well as the process of mythologization of modern social reality. Moreover, attention is drawn to the fact that mythologization fixes an idea of social reality and its axiological (value) dimension in the consciousness of separate individuals and their groups. Myths are axiological indicators; the more controversial society values are the greater number of myths is produced by social consciousness to eliminate these contradictions. The difference between modern and archaic myth has both qualitative and quantitative aspects. Modern society generates a great number of myths with much more narrow content. This is a consequence of "specialization" of myths, their orientation towards solving particular local tasks: political, economic, etc. Functional and structural changes of social myths can be accounted for by critical, permanently transitional condition of society in which myth compensates the unformed elements of new social practices. However, the content side of myth is not a crisis but social request and values of particular culture. The question about the necessity to fight against myths probably should be answered negatively if we don’t mean the most dangerous myths posing a serious threat for society. Myths are in harmony with social consciousness and arise in places where there is a fault between current and desirable normativity. Thus, when social practices become stable social consciousness itself displaces and nullifies myths that are responsible for harmonization of new order and they become demanded

The Effect of Mechanical Activation on the Physico-Chemical Properties of Carbon Black and Rubber Mixtures Filled with It

Исследовано влияние механической активации на пористость, структурность по абсорбции дибутилфталата (ДБФ), размеры агломератов и функциональный покров поверхности технического углерода (ТУ) марки N375. Установлено, что в процессе механической активации возрастает количество кислородсодержащих групп на поверхности ТУ от 0,12 до 0,34 мэкв/г и снижается размер агрегатов от 300 до 3-5 мкм. Одновременно снижается величина абсорбции ДБФ. Резина, получаемая на основе смеси каучука марки СКМС-30 АРК и механоактивированного ТУ, отличается повышенными значениями относительного удлинения при растяжении и более низким модулем упругостиThe influence of mechanical activation on porosity, structure (by absorption of dibutyl phthalate (DBP), the size of the agglomerates and the functional surface of the carbon black (CB) N375 was investigated. It was established that in the process of mechanical activation, the number of oxygencontaining groups on the surface CB increases to 0.34 meq/g and the size of the aggregates decreases from 300 to 3-5 microns. At the same time, the amount of absorption of DBP decreases. The rubber obtained on the basis of a mixture of SKMS-30 ARK rubber and mechanically activated CB is characterized by increased values of relative elongation under tension and a lower modulus of elasticit

Селекция Cucumis sativus L. на устойчивость к фузариозу с применением фильтрата культуральной жидкости гриба Fusarium oxysporum Schlectend

Relevance Traditional breeding methods are based on crossing and selection of genotypes among hybrid offspring. In recent decades, along with traditional methods, more and more attention is paid to alternative methods of selection, based on biotechnological manipulations with plants. One of the most important methods of biotechnology is the method of cell selection, which is based on the replacement of the whole plant, as a unit of selection, on its cell. Applying biotechnology techniques from a single plant can produce millions of cells, which increases the chances of finding, eliminating the need for areas for the cultivation of tested plants. As well as accelerating the selection process due to the possibility to carry out the study in the offseason. Methods The studies used the linear material of C. sativus hybrids of All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Vegetable Growing – Branch of the FSBSI Federal Scientific Vegetable Center and Agroholding "Poisk". Plants were cultivated in laboratory room conditions. As explants used hypocotyl 0.5-1 cm segments isolated from young plants. Results To obtain Cucumis sativus plants with increased resistance to Fusarium by cell selection method, it is recommended to alternate culturing of callus on a non – selective medium containing sucrose in a concentration of 30 g/l, agar – 7 g/l, 0.1 mg/l, NUC – 0.5 mg/l and the filter of the cultural fluid of the fungus in a concentration of 10% within 3 passages.Актуальность В последние десятилетия наряду с традиционными методами все больше внимания уделяется альтернативным методам селекции, в основе которых лежат биотехнологические манипуляции с растениями. Применяя методы биотехнологии из одного растения можно получить миллионы клеток, что увеличивает шансы поиска, исключая потребность в площадях для выращивания испытуемых растений, а также ускоряется селекционный процесс за счет возможности проводить исследования в межсезонье. Методика В исследованиях использовали линейный материал гибридов C. sativus селекции ВНИИО – филиала ФГБНУ ФНЦО и совместной селекции ВНИИО – филиала ФГБНУ ФНЦО с Агрохолдингом «Поиск». Материалом для исследования служили растения C. sativus, которые культивировали в вегетационных сосудах в условиях лабораторного помещения. В качестве эксплантов для получения пролиферирующей каллусной ткани, способной к морфогенезу, использовали гипокотильные сегменты размером 0,5-1 см, изолированные от молодых растений. Результаты Для получения растений Cucumis sativus L. с повышенной устойчивостью к фузариозу методом клеточной селекции рекомендуется чередование культивирования каллуса на неселективной и селективной средах, содержащих сахарозу в концентрации 30 г/л, агар – 7 г/л, БАП – 0,1мг/л, НУК – 0,5 мг/л и фильтрат культуральной жидкости гриба F. oxysporum в концентрации 10% в течение 3-х пассажей

The psychological science accelerator’s COVID-19 rapid-response dataset

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Psychological Science Accelerator coordinated three large-scale psychological studies to examine the effects of loss-gain framing, cognitive reappraisals, and autonomy framing manipulations on behavioral intentions and affective measures. The data collected (April to October 2020) included specific measures for each experimental study, a general questionnaire examining health prevention behaviors and COVID-19 experience, geographical and cultural context characterization, and demographic information for each participant. Each participant started the study with the same general questions and then was randomized to complete either one longer experiment or two shorter experiments. Data were provided by 73,223 participants with varying completion rates. Participants completed the survey from 111 geopolitical regions in 44 unique languages/dialects. The anonymized dataset described here is provided in both raw and processed formats to facilitate re-use and further analyses. The dataset offers secondary analytic opportunities to explore coping, framing, and self-determination across a diverse, global sample obtained at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, which can be merged with other time-sampled or geographic data

In COVID-19 Health Messaging, Loss Framing Increases Anxiety with Little-to-No Concomitant Benefits: Experimental Evidence from 84 Countries

The COVID-19 pandemic (and its aftermath) highlights a critical need to communicate health information effectively to the global public. Given that subtle differences in information framing can have meaningful effects on behavior, behavioral science research highlights a pressing question: Is it more effective to frame COVID-19 health messages in terms of potential losses (e.g., "If you do not practice these steps, you can endanger yourself and others") or potential gains (e.g., "If you practice these steps, you can protect yourself and others")? Collecting data in 48 languages from 15,929 participants in 84 countries, we experimentally tested the effects of message framing on COVID-19-related judgments, intentions, and feelings. Loss- (vs. gain-) framed messages increased self-reported anxiety among participants cross-nationally with little-to-no impact on policy attitudes, behavioral intentions, or information seeking relevant to pandemic risks. These results were consistent across 84 countries, three variations of the message framing wording, and 560 data processing and analytic choices. Thus, results provide an empirical answer to a global communication question and highlight the emotional toll of loss-framed messages. Critically, this work demonstrates the importance of considering unintended affective consequences when evaluating nudge-style interventions

A global experiment on motivating social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic

Finding communication strategies that effectively motivate social distancing continues to be a global public health priority during the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-country, preregistered experiment (n = 25,718 from 89 countries) tested hypotheses concerning generalizable positive and negative outcomes of social distancing messages that promoted personal agency and reflective choices (i.e., an autonomy-supportive message) or were restrictive and shaming (i.e., a controlling message) compared with no message at all. Results partially supported experimental hypotheses in that the controlling message increased controlled motivation (a poorly internalized form of motivation relying on shame, guilt, and fear of social consequences) relative to no message. On the other hand, the autonomy-supportive message lowered feelings of defiance compared with the controlling message, but the controlling message did not differ from receiving no message at all. Unexpectedly, messages did not influence autonomous motivation (a highly internalized form of motivation relying on one’s core values) or behavioral intentions. Results supported hypothesized associations between people’s existing autonomous and controlled motivations and self-reported behavioral intentions to engage in social distancing. Controlled motivation was associated with more defiance and less long-term behavioral intention to engage in social distancing, whereas autonomous motivation was associated with less defiance and more short- and long-term intentions to social distance. Overall, this work highlights the potential harm of using shaming and pressuring language in public health communication, with implications for the current and future global health challenges

The Psychological Science Accelerator’s COVID-19 rapid-response dataset

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Psychological Science Accelerator coordinated three large-scale psychological studies to examine the effects of loss-gain framing, cognitive reappraisals, and autonomy framing manipulations on behavioral intentions and affective measures. The data collected (April to October 2020) included specific measures for each experimental study, a general questionnaire examining health prevention behaviors and COVID-19 experience, geographical and cultural context characterization, and demographic information for each participant. Each participant started the study with the same general questions and then was randomized to complete either one longer experiment or two shorter experiments. Data were provided by 73,223 participants with varying completion rates. Participants completed the survey from 111 geopolitical regions in 44 unique languages/dialects. The anonymized dataset described here is provided in both raw and processed formats to facilitate re-use and further analyses. The dataset offers secondary analytic opportunities to explore coping, framing, and self-determination across a diverse, global sample obtained at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, which can be merged with other time-sampled or geographic data

Selection of <i>Cucumis sativus</i> L. for resistance to fusarium wilt using filtrate of the culture fluid of the fungus <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> Schlectend

Relevance Traditional breeding methods are based on crossing and selection of genotypes among hybrid offspring. In recent decades, along with traditional methods, more and more attention is paid to alternative methods of selection, based on biotechnological manipulations with plants. One of the most important methods of biotechnology is the method of cell selection, which is based on the replacement of the whole plant, as a unit of selection, on its cell. Applying biotechnology techniques from a single plant can produce millions of cells, which increases the chances of finding, eliminating the need for areas for the cultivation of tested plants. As well as accelerating the selection process due to the possibility to carry out the study in the offseason. Methods The studies used the linear material of C. sativus hybrids of All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Vegetable Growing – Branch of the FSBSI Federal Scientific Vegetable Center and Agroholding "Poisk". Plants were cultivated in laboratory room conditions. As explants used hypocotyl 0.5-1 cm segments isolated from young plants. Results To obtain Cucumis sativus plants with increased resistance to Fusarium by cell selection method, it is recommended to alternate culturing of callus on a non – selective medium containing sucrose in a concentration of 30 g/l, agar – 7 g/l, 0.1 mg/l, NUC – 0.5 mg/l and the filter of the cultural fluid of the fungus in a concentration of 10% within 3 passages