Exploring the factors affecting the motivation for learning from the perspective of public health students: A qualitative study

Objective. Despite the significant role of motivation in achieving success among public health students, students often do not demonstrate adequate motivation for learning and education. This study was performed to determine factors affecting the motivation for learning from the perspective of public health students via content analysis approach. Methods. This qualitative study was conducted at Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences in Sanandaj, Iran in 2017. 15 students were included in the study by using purposive sampling. Data were collected through personal interviews, group discussions, and field notes, and they were analyzed through conventional content analysis. Several parameters were taken into account to support the accuracy and the strength of the data: acceptability, confirmability, and transferability. Results. Five categories were derived from the data analysis, including “University Policy”, “Health Status”, “Teacher’s Role”, “Student-Related Factors” and “University Facilities”. Attention to the health status and its priority in the opinion of people, authorities, and educational system were the most important factors involved in the students’ motivation for learning. Conclusions. To increase motivation for learning, students have diverse needs that should be met. Attention to the components of motivation for learning not only enhances academic achievement but also promotes the formation of health behaviors in the society

The relationship between spiritual health and social trust among students

Social trust and spiritual health play an important role in social communication. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between spiritual health and social trust among Iranian students. This cross-sectional study was conducted in the city of Sanandaj, in the West of Iran, in 2018. 686 students from 5 universities were included in the study through simple random sampling. The data were collected using established, reliable instruments for the assessment of social trust and spiritual health. Logistic regression models were applied to assess the association between social trust and spiritual health. We reported estimated logits and Odds Ratios (OR) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). The students with a literate father had substantially higher odds of social trust (OR=1.98, 95% CI=1.19-3.28, p\u3c0.01). Also, similar findings were obtained for students with a literate mother compared to those with an illiterate mother (OR=2.09, 95% CI=1.33-3.28, p\u3c0.01). The odds of social trust also increased with the father’s employment status (OR=13.06, 95% CI=4.16-41, p\u3c0.01). The odds of social trust increased with religious health (OR=1.05, 95% CI=1.03-1.08, p\u3c0.01). It is essential to increase spiritual health and the parents’ literacy to promote social trust among the students

The Effect of Lodge on Performance Indicators of Rural Family Physicians in Health Care Centers of Jiroft and Kerman Universities of Medical Sciences

Background: Access to family physicians plays an important role in individuals' health and health indicators. This study aimed to determine the effect of family physicians lodge on performance indicators of rural family physicians working in health centers of Jiroft and Kerman Universities of Medical Sciences. Methods: In this cross - sectional study conducted in 2013, 26 lodge physicians (as the case group) and 26 non lodge physicians (as the control group) were selected by systematic sampling from health centers of Jiroft and Kerman Universities of Medical Sciences. Demographic information of physicians and data related to health centers and indicators were collected. Average times visiting a physician, village visit and forming health files indicators were calculated. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, t-test, chi-square and Pearson coefficient of correlations and through SPSS 16 software package. Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups in regard to demographic variables. According to t-test, there was statistically significant differences between the two groups in percentage of forming health files (P=0.05) and percentage of village visits (P=0.001); and the mean of these indicators in lodge physicians was more than that in the non- lodge physicians and there was no significant difference between the two groups in average times visiting a physician (P=0.35). Conclusion: Some strategies such as increasing the number of lodge health centers, providing transportation facilities, suitable physical spaces and equipment seem necessary in order to improve indicators

Exploring the factors affecting the motivation for learning from the perspective of public health students: A qualitative study

Objective. Despite the significant role of motivation in achieving success among public health students, students often do not demonstrate adequate motivation for learning and education. This study was performed to determine factors affecting the motivation for learning from the perspective of public health students via content analysis approach. Methods. This qualitative study was conducted at Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences in Sanandaj, Iran in 2017. 15 students were included in the study by using purposive sampling. Data were collected through personal interviews, group discussions, and field notes, and they were analyzed through conventional content analysis. Several parameters were taken into account to support the accuracy and the strength of the data: acceptability, confirmability, and transferability. Results. Five categories were derived from the data analysis, including “University Policy”, “Health Status”, “Teacher’s Role”, “Student-Related Factors” and “University Facilities”. Attention to the health status and its priority in the opinion of people, authorities, and educational system were the most important factors involved in the students’ motivation for learning. Conclusions. To increase motivation for learning, students have diverse needs that should be met. Attention to the components of motivation for learning not only enhances academic achievement but also promotes the formation of health behaviors in the society

A Rare Presentation of Colorectal Cancer with Unusual Progressive Intramuscular and Subcutaneous Metastatic Spread

Colorectal carcinoma is one of the most common causes of cancer-related death, worldwide. Recently, due to the introduction of novel imaging and therapeutic techniques, five-year survival of patients has increased. However, distant metastasis is still expected in half of the patients. Colorectal cancer tends to target the abdominal cavity, liver, lungs, and bones as the common sites of metastasis. Nevertheless, rare cases of muscle metastasis have been reported. This report presents a 23-year-old male, who despite chemotherapy, demonstrated gradual progressive disease and metastases to the submandibular region, lungs, adrenal gland as well as muscles and subcutaneous tissues. He had developed multiple asymptomatic muscular metastases metachronously over two-year time period discovered on an 18FDGPET/CT, namely in the deltoid, external oblique abdominis, rectus abdominis, and quadriceps muscles, as well as one of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue. The presence of distant, especially extrahepatic metastasis, adversely affects the prognosis of colon carcinoma. Since limited cases of muscle metastasis have been reported in carcinoma of colon, the underlying pathophysiology, optimum treatment, and prognostic issues are yet to be substantiated

Exploring Needs of Health Educators on Education of Health Behaviors to Students: A Qualitative Study

Background and Objectives: The health educators, who are responsible health education in school, play a crucial role in the physical and mental health of students. The aim of this study was to explore the needs of health educators on education of health behaviors of students. Material and Methods: This qualitative study was conducted at the schools in Sanandaj city, located in the west of Iran, in 2016. Using purposive sampling, sixteen school health trainers with health education experience was included in the study. Data were collected through individual interview and group discussion, observation and fild notes, and analyzed by conventional content analysis. To confim the accuracy and strength of the data, acceptability, confimability and transferability components were taken into account. Results: Five categories and eighteen subcategories emerged from the data analysis, including strengthening organizational factors (intersectoral cooperation and external, monitoring of school health matters and solve the economic problems of schools), effiient manpower (use of appropriate human resources, improve the performance of trainers, strengthening communication skills of trainer and activate student health volunteers program), educational preparation (appropriate educational condition, advantage of the educational facilities, methods and models of teaching, pay attention to learnerʼs characteristics and design the educational content), attention to health of learner and trainer (pay attention to physical health of learner, pay attention to mental health of learner, pay attention to physical health of trainer and pay attention to mental health of trainer) and strengthening the role of family (improving cooperation of parents with school and Parental attention to learner). Conclusion: To deliver effiient and effective health education to students, health educators need to the inter-sectoral and extra-sectoral collaboration, giving more attention to the health promotion programs on the part of the authorities, equipping schools to educational equipment and facilities, and training educators

The Relationship between Stages of Dental Cleaning Behavior Change Based on Trans-theoretical Model (TTM) with School Role and Social Support in Students

Background Social support and school play a pivotal role in the development of oral health-related behaviors among students. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between stages of dental cleaning behavior change based on Trans-theoretical model with school role and social support in Iranian students. Materials and Methods In a cross-sectional study, 525 male and female students were selected through cluster and simple random sampling. Demographic information, data related to trans-theoretical model constructs and social support and school role were collected via self-reports. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS version 16.0 software. Results The findings showed that 58 of students (32 boys and 26 girls) used none of the dental cleaning tools. Most of the students (42.5) were found to be in the preparation stage of dental cleaning behavior. There was a significantly direct correlation between school role and self-efficiency and perceived benefits (P0.05). Conclusion The results indicated that the majority of students did not use of dental cleaning tools and did not receive sufficient social support in this regard. To perform dental cleaning behavior, student should increase perceived self-efficacy and benefits and decrease perceived barriers. Low performance of dental cleaning behavior among students is indicative of the necessity of performing intervention programs aiming to promote dental cleaning behavior.

Exploringfactors on Internet Addiction Instudents of Sanandaj Universities: A Study with Content Analysis Approach

Background and Objective: The prevalence of Internet addiction is increasing among students. To design preventive interventions and programs, understanding causes of Internet addiction is essential. The aim of the study was exploringfactors on internet addiction instudents of Sanandaj universities, using content analysis approach.Materials and Methods: In this qaulitative study was used a content analysis approach for data analysis. 15 students with internet addiction were chosen using Young internet addiction questionnaire of Sanandaj universities in 2015 year. 7 Face to face and semi-structured interviews and two focus groups were held to gather data. Interviews were recorded, taped and analyzed via the content analysis method. Validity and rigor of the data was obtained from criteria including credibility, dependability, confirmability and transferability.Results: The analysis of qualitative data presented in four major themes: (1) internet features; (2) motives and internal needs; (3) sense of inability; and (4) environmental factors.  The most important causes of Internet addiction was attributed to unemployment and lack of entertainment for the youth.Conclusion: The results of the study showed that causes of trend and dependence on Internet are not only positive and attractive features of Internet but are also individual, social, cultural and economical factors

Exploring self-care needs of pregnant women with gingivitis: A qualitative study in Iran

Background: Oral self-care behaviors are not satisfactory among pregnant women; incidence of gingivitis is high in them and training programs have slightly improved their gingivitis. This study was aimed to explore self-care needs of pregnant women suffering from gingival inflammation. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out in Sanandaj, west of Iran, in 2017. Twenty pregnant women with gingivitis were included in the study. Data were collected via semi-structured individual and group interviews and note-taking, and were analyzed by conventional content analysis. To confirm the accuracy and strength of the data, credibility, confirmability, and transferability components were taken into account. Results: The results of data analysis yielded six major categories, including “organizational support,” “dentist's professional competence,” “increasing perceived threat,” “increasing self-efficacy,” “increasing perceived benefits,” and “culture-making.” Increased self-efficacy was the most important concern of pregnant women. Conclusions: The findings showed that self-care behaviors to prevent gingivitis in pregnant women are influenced by various factors. It is essential to consider the cooperation of the media and organizations, support of society, and attention of families and authorities to oral health education and disease prevention among women

The Etiology of Persistent Diarrhea in Hospitalized Patients at Children's Medical Center in Tehran

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the causes of persistent diarrhea in hospitalized patients at Children's Medical Center in Tehran. Material & Methods: Primarily we determined the 41 different etiologies of persistent diarrhea which were recognizable in Iran at the time of study. then we studied all hospitalized patients with these diagnoses between the years 1992 till 1998. Findings: During the period of study there were 1300 patients who had been hospitalized in children's hospital. Among these patients 215 had persistent diarrhea. 10 most common etiologies of persistent diarrhea were celiac disease, cystic fibrosis, ulcerative colitis, malnutrition, immune deficiencies, urinary tract infections, giardiasis, gastroenteritis, cow milk allergy, and intestinal lymphangiectasia. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, in approaching patients with persistent diarrhea, it is better to consider more common and probable etiologies primarily to avoid unnecessary costs and then perform suitable diagnostic studies