Microscopy of laser effects on hard and soft oral tissues.

Lasers are instruments generating high-power electromagnetic radiation more often used in biomedicine. This beam, which physical characteristic and power depend on the generating device and power supply circuit, may be usefully employed in surgical field to easy cut, excise or eliminate soft tissues or their portions, and in the treatment of hard tissues, in particular in some therapies of calcified tissues of teeth. Aim of this chapter is to show the morphological, histochemical, immunocytologic and chemicalphysical effects of hard and soft tissues of the oral cavity treated with laser or others instrumentation

Guided bone regeneration using titanium grids: report of ten cases

In order to ensure an adequate space where new bone can be formed in guided bone regeneration (GBR), most surgeons fill bone defects with biomaterials. In this work we evaluated new bone regeneration in 10 patients using only a blood clot protected with titanium grids and non-resorbable membranes, without any filling material. A manual measurement of the size of the bone defect, using a plastic probe, was performed at 2 surgical steps. After 5 months of treatment, a biopsy was taken from each patient, fixed and embedded in PMMA, examined microradiographically and morphologically to evaluate the newly-formed bone. Our results showed a good repair of the defects by bone regeneration (about 85% overall), high mineral density of new bone around the implants after 5 months, and steady state deposition processes. These results in GBR, without filling material, appear very promising for implantology and reconstructive odontostomatology practice

Laser and Paediatric Dentistry

Laser technology has different applications in dentistry, and, in particularly, in Paediatric Dentistry. Depending on wavelength of laser and physical properties of tissutal target, it could be possible obtain different results in three main dental fields : Diagnosis, Prevention and Operative Therapy. Conventional treatments can be replaced and better results obtained. Laser has proven to offer new treatment opportunities that were not available in the dental field in the past This article aims at illustrating clinical protocols and possible applications of different laser systems in paediatric dentistry

Combination of an optic system and Er:YAG laser in root canal preparation: study in vivo and in vitro

The effect of Er:YAG laser in debris removing after conventional root preparation was tested by optical system in vivo and scanning electron microscope in vitro. The root canal of fifty permanent molars was cleaned in vivo and Er:yag laser treated. Flexiscope system was used to evaluate the efficacy of laser cleansing at the different stages of endodontic therapy. Forty permanent teeth, extracted for orthodontic or periodontal purposes, were treated in vitro using the same technique and instruments. The in vitro treated teeth were also examined under the SEM. The results of our investigation show an effective improvement of the cleansing of the endodontic surface from pulpal remaining and a smear layer after laser irradiation in vivo and in vitro. The use of Er:YAG laser in organic debris removing and the consequent optical system analysis of the quality of root preparation in vivo seem to be a reliable technique particularly useful in clinical application

Cytopathological and chemico-physical analyses of smears of mucosa surrounding oral piercing

Objective: The aim of this comparative study was to analyze cytopathologically and chemico-physically the mucosa surrounding oral piercing to correlate results with adverse tissue signs. Materials and methods: The tongue superficial mucosa of 15 young subjects (control group) and the superficial mucosa surrounding oral piercing of 15 young subjects (test group, TG) were smeared on slides, Papanicolaou stained and analyzed under the optical microscope. Some smears were prepared for (back-scattered) scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray microanalysis to study piercing fragments. Results: Smears of TG displayed a variable extent of bacterial cytolysis of epithelial cells, fungi, hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis, granulocyte infiltration, calcium formations and bacterial flora; the four last statistically significant (P < 0.05). Foreign bodies surrounded by keratinocytes were detected under both light and SEM. X-ray microanalyses highlighted piercing alloy aggression, ion release and an inverse gradient of ion concentration inside keratinocytes. Conclusions: The pathological findings in smears correlated with adverse effects of oral piercing. Ion release may be related to direct toxic effects and belated reactions because of metal sensitization. A strict regulation of piercing is warranted

La mucosa nasale nella cefalea a grappolo: alterazioni morfologiche e concentrazione di sostanze vasoattive.

Alterazioni istomorfologiche e dosaggio di VIP, CGRP, SP e NPY nella mucosa nasale di pazienti con cefalea a grappolo

Nasal mucosa in cluster headache: morphological changes and content of vasoactive substances.

Correlati morfologici della mucosa nasale in pazienti con cefalea a grappol

CO2-laser biopsies of oral mucosa: an immunocytological and histological comparative study

The relationship between bioptic technique and tissue preservation has been studied in 18 oral biopsies of young patients obtained by electrosurgery or CO2 laser surgery. Biopsies were formalin fixed, paraffin embedded and histologically, histochemically and immunocytochemically (SBS-DAB method) treated. All the biopsies show inflammatory cell infiltration, epithelial spongiosis, trichocariosis, suprabasal small blisters, and epithelial clefts with lamina detaching from the corium. Histochemistry shows both the presence of edema and acid mucopolysaccharides inside the corium, and variable glycogen content in epithelial cells. Trichocariotic cells show a positive MiB1/Ki67 expression, when they are present. Nevertheless, laser biopsies show a lower amount of basophilic fibrous tissue and of bcl2 bodies detection, connected with a higher amount of glycogen, Cytokeratin and MiB1/Ki67 expression in epithelial cells, compared to bovie biopsies. The results show a higher degree of damages in particular at the epithelial level, in electrosurgery biopsies rather than laser biopsies. The best epithelial and corium preservation showed by laser biopsies suggest a chance of reversible condition, which can lead to a complete recovery due to its higher capability of restoring tissues