The Medicago truncatula GRAS protein RAD1 supports arbuscular mycorrhiza symbiosis and Phytophthora palmivora susceptibility.

The roots of most land plants are colonized by symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungi. To facilitate this symbiosis, plant genomes encode a set of genes required for microbial perception and accommodation. However, the extent to which infection by filamentous root pathogens also relies on some of these genes remains an open question. Here, we used genome-wide association mapping to identify genes contributing to colonization of Medicago truncatula roots by the pathogenic oomycete Phytophthora palmivora. Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers most significantly associated with plant colonization response were identified upstream of RAD1, which encodes a GRAS transcription regulator first negatively implicated in root nodule symbiosis and recently identified as a positive regulator of AM symbiosis. RAD1 transcript levels are up-regulated both in response to AM fungus and, to a lower extent, in infected tissues by P. palmivora where its expression is restricted to root cortex cells proximal to pathogen hyphae. Reverse genetics showed that reduction of RAD1 transcript levels as well as a rad1 mutant are impaired in their full colonization by AM fungi as well as by P. palmivora. Thus, the importance of RAD1 extends beyond symbiotic interactions, suggesting a general involvement in M. truncatula microbe-induced root development and interactions with unrelated beneficial and detrimental filamentous microbes

Probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy for pleural malignancies diagnosis.

peer reviewedBACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Probe based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE) is an optical imaging technique allowing live tissue imaging at a cellular level. Currently, this tool remains experimental. Two studies regarding pleural disease have been published and suggest that pCLE could be valuable for pleural disease investigations. However, normal and malignant pleural pCLE features remain unknown. Therefore, we conducted a prospective trial of pCLE during medical thoracoscopy to study and describe the malignant and benign pleural pCLE features. METHODS: Every patient >18 years referred to our department for medical thoracoscopy was eligible. Medical thoracoscopy was performed under sedation, allowing spontaneous breathing. Five millilitres of fluorescein (10%) was intravenously administrated 5 min before image acquisition. The pCLE was introduced through the working channel of the thoracoscope and gently placed on the parietal pleura to record videos. Afterwards, biopsies were performed on the corresponding sites. Malignant and benign pleural pCLE features were precisely described and compared using 11 preselected criteria. RESULTS: A total of 62 patients were included in the analysis including 36 benign and 26 malignant pleura. Among our preselected criteria, 'abnormal tissue architecture' and 'dysplastic vessels' were strongly associated with malignancies (100% and 85% ss, 721% and 74% sp, respectively) whereas, the 'full chia seeds sign' and 'cell shape homogeneity' were associated with benignity (36% and 56% ss, 100% and 70% sp, respectively). No study-related adverse events occurred. CONCLUSION: Benign and malignant pleural involvement have clearly distinct pCLE features

A perspective on the measurement of time in plant disease epidemiology

The growth and development of plant pathogens and their hosts generally respond strongly to the temperature of their environment. However, most studies of plant pathology record pathogen/host measurements against physical time (e.g. hours or days) rather than thermal time (e.g. degree-days or degree-hours). This confounds the comparison of epidemiological measurements across experiments and limits the value of the scientific literature

Asthma and COPD Are Not Risk Factors for ICU Stay and Death in Case of SARS-CoV2 Infection

BACKGROUND: Asthmatics and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have more severe outcomes with viral infections than people without obstructive disease. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate if obstructive diseases are risk factors for intensive care unit (ICU) stay and death due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19). METHODS: We collected data from the electronic medical record from 596 adult patients hospitalized in University Hospital of Liege between March 18 and April 17, 2020, for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) infection. We classified patients into 3 groups according to the underlying respiratory disease, present before the COVID19 pandemic. RESULTS: Among patients requiring hospitalization for COVID19, asthma and COPD accounted for 9.6% and 7.7%, respectively. The proportions of asthmatics, patients with COPD, and patients without obstructive airway disease hospitalized in the ICU were 17.5%, 19.6%, and 14%, respectively. One-third of patients with COPD died during hospitalization, whereas only 7.0% of asthmatics and 13.6% of patients without airway obstruction died due to SARS-CoV2. The multivariate analysis showed that asthma, COPD, inhaled corticosteroid treatment, and oral corticosteroid treatment were not independent risk factors for ICU admission or death. Male gender (odds ratio [OR]: 1.9; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1-3.2) and obesity (OR: 8.5; 95% CI: 5.1-14.1) were predictors of ICU admission, whereas male gender (OR 1.9; 95% CI: 1.1-3.2), older age (OR: 1.9; 95% CI: 1.6-2.3), cardiopathy (OR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.1-3.1), and immunosuppressive diseases (OR: 3.6; 95% CI: 1.5-8.4) were independent predictors of death. CONCLUSION: Asthma and COPD are not risk factors for ICU admission and death related to SARS-CoV2 infection

EVALUATION QUALITATIVE DES SAMU-SMUR AU TRAVERS DE 2 INDICATEURS (LES LETTRES DE PLAINTES RECUES ; LE COURRIER ADRESSE AU MEDECIN TRAITANT)

NANTES-BU Médecine pharmacie (441092101) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Insuffisance tricuspide, première manifestation d'une tumeur carnicoïde de l'ovaire (à propos d'un cas et revue de la littérature)

[Résumé français]Nous rapportons une observation de tumeur carcinoïde localisée de l'ovaire révélée par une insuffisance tricuspidienne. L'ovariectomie a permis la guérison carcinologique. Les lésions tricuspides ont continué à évoluer, responsables d'une fuite massive et d'une insuffisance cardiaque réfractaire au traitement médical. Un remplacement valvulaire tricuspide par bioprothèse a été réalisé, permettant une amélioration fonctionnelle et la régression des signes d'insuffisance cardiaque. A 3 ans de l'intervention, la patiente est paucisymptomatique et la bioprothèse fonctionne normalement. La moitié des syndromes carcinoïdes s'accompagne de lésions cardiaques spécifiques prédominant sur les valves tricuspide et pulmonaire. La lésion élémentaire est la plaque carcinoïde fibreuse au niveau de l'endocarde du coeur droit. Les tumeurs carcinoïdes sont le plus souvent difestives avec des métastases hépatiques, les tumeurs ovariennes sont rares. Contrairement aux tumeurs carcinoïdes digestives, les tumeurs ovariennes peuvent être responsables d'un syndrome carcinoïde en l'absence de métastase hépatique. La circulation veineuse ovarienne se fait directement dans la veine cave inférieure. Les sécrétions tumorales échappent ainsi à l'inactivation hépatique. La cardiopathie carcinoïde révèle exceptionnellement une tumeur carcinoïde. L'échocardiographie montre des anomalies caractéristiques des valves tricuspide et pulmonaire. Chez la plupart des patients, les lésions valvulaires sont évolutives et constituent un élément important du pronostic. La chirurgie cardiaque peut être proposée aux patients en insuffisance cardiaque réfractaire dont le pronostic cardiologique est acceptable.PARIS13-BU Serge Lebovici (930082101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Diagnosis and treatment of hereditary angioedema: Clinical illustration and brief literature review

editorial reviewedHereditary angio-oedema is an autosomal dominant transmitted disease that is characterized by swellings of the sub-cutaneous or mucosal tissues. The edematous manifestations develop over a few hours and disappear spontaneously in a few days. This disease, which is due to an excess of bradykinine, a peptide that induces vasodilatation and increases vascular permeability, is different from angio-oedema mediated by histamine (frequently accompanied by urticaria). This difference explains the inefficiency of anti-allergic therapies to treat the crises. This condition, although rare, is important to know because it is potentially lethal if the edema leads to laryngeal obstruction. After the report of a clinical example, this paper will consider the pathophysiology and the classification of angio-oedema without urticaria. New therapeutic recommendations for the treatment of hereditary angio-oedema will also be considered

Epidémiologie des thrombopénies induites par l'héparine en réanimation après chirurgie cardiovasculaire

LYON1-BU Santé (693882101) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

NOVELTY: a landmark study in phenotyping and endotyping chronic obstructive airway diseases in real clinical practice.

peer reviewedEOS - Excellence of Science (Belgian federal Program