Research products across space missions: a prototype for central storage, visualization and usability

For planetary sciences, the main archives to archived access to mission data are ESA's Planetary Science Archive (PSA) and the Planetary Data System (PSA) nodes in the USA. Along with recent and upcoming planetary missions the amount of different data (remote sensing/in-situ data, derived products) increases constantly and serves as basis for scientific research resulting in derived scientific data and information. Within missions to Mercury (BepiColombo), the Outer Solar System moons (JUICE), and asteroids (NASA`s DAWN), one way of scientific analysis, the systematic mapping of surfaces, has received new impulses, also in Europe. These systematic surface analyses are based on the numeric and visual comparison and combination of different remote sensing data sets, such as optical image data, spectral-/hyperspectral sensor data, radar images, and/or derived products like digital terrain models. The analyses mainly results in map figures, data, and profiles/diagrams, and serves for describing research investigations within scientific publications

Forschungsdaten fernab der Erde: ein Prototyp für die planetare Anwendung

In den Planetenwissenschaften ist die Menge der Fernerkundungsdaten und der daraus abgeleiteten Forschungsprodukte in den letzten Jahrzehnten kontinuierlich gestiegen. Die Menge und Komplexität der Daten erforderten eine immer komplexere Datenanalyse, Datenverwaltung und Datenbereitstellung für eine breitere Forschungsgemeinschaft. In diesem Beitrag stellen wir einen Prototyp für die strukturierte Speicherung, Verwaltung und Visualisierung planetarer, raumbezogener Forschungsdaten vor, um eine transparente, langfristige und somit nachhaltige Wiederverwendung zu ermöglichen. Die Entwicklung basiert auf Technologien, die ursprünglich für erdbezogene Anwendungen entwickelt wurden

Approach towards a holistic management of research data in planetary science – Use case study based on remote sensing data

In the planetary sciences, the volume of remote sensing data and derived research products has been continuously increasing over the last five decades. The amount and complexity of data require growing sophistication in data analysis, data management, and data provision targeted at a growing research community. In order to efficiently manage and facilitate the reuse of research data and to provide stable and long-term access, sustainable research data solutions are needed. We here present a prototype for structured storage, management, and visualisation of planetary research data and discuss the particular benefits, as well as challenges of such an information system for data management, for establishing data references by cross-linking information, and for improving the visibility of data products. The prototype is a co-development of two research institutes of the German Aerospace Center (DLR) and is based on two components: the Earth Observation Center (EOC) Geoservice, which constitutes an infrastructure providing data storage and management capabilities, as well as an interface compliant with collaborative and web-based data access services, and the Environmental and Crisis Information Systems (UKIS), a framework for the implementation of geoscientific web applications

Konzeption und Umsetzung von konfigurierbaren Web-Mapping-Applikationen im Kontext der Kriseninformationen

Eine bestehende Möglichkeit die zunehmende Menge an vorhandenen Geodaten optimaler nutzen zu können, ist ein Umschwung in Richtung serviceorientierter Anwendungen, welche über ein Netzwerk kommunizieren und so eine interoperable Datennutzung erlauben. Web-Mapping ist dabei eine einfache Option, verteilte Daten auf unterschiedlichen Systemen zu visualisieren. Daher beschäftigt sich diese Arbeit mit der Konzeption und Implementierung konfigurierbarer Mapping-Clients, welche über den Browser verfügbar sind und in unterschiedlichen Fällen eingesetzt werden können. Da der entstehende Client im Kontext der Kriseninformationen zur Anwendung kommen soll, werden erst Grundlagen zu Web-Mapping erläutert und dann auf Besonderheiten im Krisenkontext eingegangen, worauf kartographische Kenntnisse über Kartennetze und Projektionen folgen. Weiter werden die allgemeinen Grundkonzepte zur Entwicklung von Web-Clients behandelt und schließlich die verwendeten, browserbasierten Techniken wie HTML, JavaScript und Co. dargestellt. Es werden aber auch Datenformate zur Konfigurierung und zum Datenaustausch aufgezeigt sowie der Einsatz von Web Services behandelt. Die entstandene Applikation zeigt, dass die rein clientseitige Umsetzung von Webanwendungen im Browser mit verschiedenen Problemen behaftet ist. So bestehen aufgrund von Sicherheitskonzepten immer noch eingeschränkte Möglichkeiten beim Datenaustausch mit JavaScript. Des Weiteren müssen auch Unterschiede in den Implementierungen der verschiedenen Browserhersteller sowie die Möglichkeit zum Verlust der Datenverbindung beachtet werden. Andererseits bietet dieses Konzept jedoch einige Vorteile wie z.B. ein einfacheres Aktualisieren, wodurch Updates auf der Nutzerseite entfallen. Darüber hinaus wird auf diese Art und Weise eine interoperable Anwendung, eine weite Benutzerspanne und leichtere Handhabung ermöglicht

Hide And Seek: Detecting Sensors in P2P Botnets

Many cyber-crimes, such as Denial of Service (DoS) attacks and banking frauds, originate from botnets. To prevent botnets from being taken down easily, botmasters have adopted peer-to-peer (P2P) mechanisms to prevent any single point of failure. However, sensor nodes that are often used for both, monitoring and executing sinkholing attacks, are threatening such botnets. In this paper, we introduce a novel mechanism to detect sensor nodes in P2P botnets using the clustering coefficient as a metric. We evaluated our mechanism on the real-world botnet Sality over the course of a week and were able to detect an average of 25 sensors per day with a false positive rate of 20%

Twitterize: Anonymous Micro-Blogging

Privacy, in particular anonymity, is required to increase the acceptance of users for the Internet of Things (IoT). The IoT is built upon sensors that encompass us in each step we take. Hence, they can collect sensitive, privacy-invading data that can be used to establish complete user profiles. For this reason, sensing in the IoT needs to provide means of privacy-protection. In this paper, we discuss an approach for sharing smartphone sensor data and user-generated content in a privacy-protecting manner via the Micro-blogging platform (MbP) Twitter. For that, we discuss privacy needs of users in Micro-blogging platforms (MbPs) and that privacy should not only ensure confidentiality but also anonymity. We discuss related work and systems along these requirements and conclude that anonymity is hardly considered. We introduce our construction Twitterize that integrates well with the MbP Twitter and allows users and sensors to share information normally as well as privacy-preserving with a single application. Twitterize establishes overlay networks for hashtags over Twitters’ social network and neither depends on additional infrastructure nor peer-to-peer communication

CymA of Klebsiella oxytoca Outer Membrane: Binding of Cyclodextrins and Study of the Current Noise of the Open Channel

CymA, the outer membrane component of the cyclodextrin (CD) uptake and metabolism system of Klebsiella oxytoca, was reconstituted into lipid bilayer membranes. The channel properties of this unusual porin were studied in detail. The binding of CDs to the channel resulted in its complete block for ion transport. This result allowed the detailed investigation of carbohydrate binding, and the stability constants for the binding of cyclic and linear carbohydrates to the binding site inside the channel were calculated from titration experiments of the membrane conductance with the carbohydrates. Highest stability constant was observed for α-cyclodextrin (α-CD; K = 32,000 1/M) followed by β-cyclodextrin (β-CD; K = 1970 1/M) and γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD; K = 310 1/M). Linear maltooligosaccharides bound also to CymA but with much smaller stability constants as compared to cyclic ones. The noise of the current through CymA in multi- and single-channel experiments was investigated using fast Fourier transformation. The current through the open channels had a rather high spectral density, which was a Lorentzian function of the frequency up to 2000 Hz. Upon addition of cyclic dextrins to the aqueous phase the spectral density decreased in a dose-dependent manner, which made it impossible to evaluate the binding kinetics. Experiments with single CymA-channels demonstrated the channel is highly asymmetric concerning channel flickers and current noise