INFLUENCE OF SILAGE ADDITIVES ON FERMENTATION OF HIGH MOISTURE CRIMPED CORN

The objective of this work was to find influence of different silage additives on silages fermentation and nutritional value made from high moisture crimped corn, which were conserved in semi experimental conditions. Three variants were examined, untreated control (C), and two experimental variants conserved by biological (variant A) and chemical (variant B) additives. The maize crimped corn was hermetically filled into plastic bins with the capacity 50 dm3. In silage conserved by additives was lower content of crude fibre (significantly in both experimental variants) and higher content of nitrogen free extract, starch and total sugars (significantly in variant A) established. In silages form both experimental variants we found significantly lower content of lactic acid. The highest concent we detected in silage conserved without additives. In silage conserved by biological inoculant we found lower content of acetic acid and higher content of butyric acid, but their content was generally very low. Additives used in the experiment decreased content of amonia (0.074 g.kg-1 in variant A and 0.095 g.kg-1 of dry matter in variant B) and alcohols too

THE EFFECT OF BIOLOGICAL SILAGE ADDITIVE ON MYCOTOXIN CONCENTRATIONS IN MIXTURE SILAGES OF FABA BEAN, OAT AND ALFALFA

The influence of bacterial additive on concentration of mycotoxins in mixture silages of faba bean, oat and alfalfa with high dry matter content was studied. The fresh stuff was harvested in pods formation stage of faba bean and after considerable wilting it was cut in to 20 mm particles and stuffed into silage bags. We ensiled the mixture in the control variant without additives and in the trial variant with liquid additive with following biological constituents: Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus lactis, Pedioccus acidilacti at a dose of 0.5 liter per ton. The samples were examined for the nutritive value and mycotoxins content (deoxynivalenol, T-2 toxin, zearalenone and total fumonisins, ochratoxins) by direct competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Zearalenone was the secondary metabolite of microscopic fungi with the highest concentration. This study suggests that application of bacterial additive can significantly reduce the concentration of zearalenone and total fumonisins in mixture silages of faba bean, oat and alfalfa.Proučavan je utjecaj bakterijskog dodatka na koncentraciju mikotoksina u smjesama silaže faba graha, zobi i lucerne visokog sadržaja suhe tvari. Svježa tvar je brana u stadiju stvaranja mahuna faba graha te nakon znatnog uvenuća narezana na male dijelove od 20 mm i utrpana u vreće za silažu. Kontrolnu smjesu smo silirali bez dodatka a pokusnu varijantu s tekućim dodatkom sljedećih bioloških sastojaka: Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus lactis i Pedioccus acidilacti u dozi od 0.5 l po toni. Uzorci su ispitani na hranjivu vrijednost i sadržaj mikotoksina (deoksinivalenol,T-2 toksin, zearalenon i ukupni fuminozini, ohratoksini) direktnim kompetitivnim imunosorbentnim enzimskim testom. Zearalenon je bio sekundarni metabolit mikroskopskih gljivica najviše koncentracije. Ovaj rad navodi na zaključak da primjena bakterijskog dodatka može značajno smanjiti koncentraciju zearalenona i ukupnih fumonizina u smjesama silaže faba graha, zobi i lucerne

IMMUNOGLOBULINS IN COLOSTRUM OF SOWS WITH PORCINE REPRODUCTIVE AND RESPIRATORY SYNDROME - PRRS

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of PRRS occurrence on sow colostrum immunological quality. We realised the experiment on 20 sows (breed: Large white). From farm without presences of PRRS were 10 sows and other 10 sows were from farm with presence of PRRS. We took the samples of sows colostrums during sucking. We detected concentration of immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM) in sows colostrum in time of 0 hours to 12 hours after beginning of farrowing with pig Ig ELISA quantitation kits. We determined statistically significant (P0.01) higher concentration of IgG at the beginning of farrowing, 3 hours, 6 hours and 12 hours from beginning of farrowing in favour of farm without presence of PRRS. We determined statistically significant (P0.01) higher concentration of IgA at 6 and 12 hours from beginning of farrowing in favour of farm without presence of PRRS. We determined statistically significant (P0.01) higher concentration of IgM at 6 and 12 hours from beginning of farrowing in favour of farm without presence of PRRS. Lower concentrations of colostral immunoglobulins in group with PRRS can be caused of presence of PRRS. Virus PRRS can evocate synthesis of cytokine IL-10, which inhibited the function of macrophages and lymphocytes and so PRRS decrease the production of immunoglobulins and their concentration in blood of sows and consequently also concentration of immunoglobulins in sows colostrum

The Application Impact of an Origanum, Anise and Citrus Oils blend in Horses Nutrition

DOI: 10.15414/afz.2015.18.04.103–105Received 1. July 2015 ǀ Accepted 28. August 2015 ǀ Available online 7. December 2015The aim of the paper was to analyse the origanum, anise and citrus oils blend as a potential phytogenic feed additive in horse’s nutrition. Several studies in the World analyze the effect of plant origin aromatic additives on blood serum indicators and nutrients digestibility in horses. Origanum and anise contains many chemical compounds as carvacrol, thymol and anethol, which can be beneficially in metabolism and nutrients digestion. Some studies shows, that these additives have insignificant (P>0.05) effect on blood serum indicators, but there are some studies, which reported positive significant (P<0.05) effect on serum cholesterol and triglycerides contents. The main positive effect of origanum and anise is in nutrients digestibility improving. These herbs can improve the digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, nitrogen free extract, crude fibre, ADV and NDV (P<0.05), as well as Mg and K from feed rations (P<0.05). Some antagonistic results published in this area can be affecting in dosage of active compounds, which have often antinutritive effects.Keywords: equine, additives, aromatic plants, feed rationsReferencesCAPCAROVÁ, M. and KOLESÁROVÁ, A. (2010) Beneficial substances affecting internal milieu of animals. Nitra: Slovak University of Agriculture.EPP, T.S. et al. (2005) The effect of herbal supplementation on the severity of exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage. In J. Equine and Comp. Exerc. Physiol., vol. 2, pp. 17-25.FORS, M. 2009. Herbs for horses. Uppsala: Swedish University of Agricultural Science.GÁLIK, B. et al. (2011) The effect of phytoadditives on macroelements digestibility of sport horses. In J. Centr. Europ. Agricul., vol. 12, pp. 390-397. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.5513/JCEA01/14.3.1308GÁLIK, B. et al. (2012a) The effect of phytogenic additive on in vivo saccharides digestibility of sport horses. In Pharm. Comm., vol. 2, pp. 3-6. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5530/pc.2013.1.2GÁLIK, B. et al. (2012b) The effect of different macromineral intakes on mineral metabolism of sport horses. In Acta Vet. Brno, vol. 81, pp. 113-117. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb201281020113GÁLIK, B. (2012c) The effect of fytogenic feed addtives on nutrients utilization in non-ruminants: Assoc. Prof. thesis. Nitra: Slovak University of Agriculture (in Slovak)GÁLIK, B. et al. (2013) The effect of phytoadditives on biochemical indicators and nutrients digestibility in sport horses. In J. Centr. Europ. Agricul., vol. 14, pp. 219-227. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5513/JCEA01/14.3.1308KAMEL, C. (2000) Natural plant extracts: Classical remedies bring modern animal production solutions. In Proceedings of the 3rd Conference on sow feed manufacturing in the Mediterranean region, Reus, March 22-24, 2000. Reus: Spain, pp. 31-38.MORGAN, L.M. et al. (2007) Effect of yeast culture supplementation on digestibility of varying forage quality in mature horses. In J. Equine Vet. Sci., vol. 27, pp. 260-265.PEARSON, W. et al. (2007) Pilot study investigating the ability an herbal composite to alleviate clinical sings of respiratory dysfunction in horses with recurrent airway obstruction. In Can. J. Vet. Res., vol. 71, pp. 145-151.STRAKOVÁ, E. et al. (2007) Positive effect of plant-based diet on the performance and health of laying hens. In Acta Vet. Brno, vol. 76,pp. 31-37. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb200776S8S031STEINER, T. (2006) Managing gut health: Natural growth promoters as a key to animal performance. Nottingham: Nottingham University Press.Steiner, T. (2009) Phytogenics in animal nutrition: Natural concepts to optimize gut health and performance. Nottingham: Nottingham University Press.SUCHÝ, P. et al. (2002) Replacement of animal origin feed by plant origin feed in the diet of broiler chickens. In Czech J. Anim. Sci., vol. 47, pp. 365-373.TURNER, K.K. et al. (2006) Bee pollen product supplementation to horses in training seems to improve feed intake: a pilot study. In J Anim. Physiol. Nutr., vol. 90, pp. 414-420. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0396.2006.00621.xWINDISH, W. et al. (2008) Use of phytogenic products as feed additives for swine and poultry. In J. Anim. Sci., vol. 86, pp. 140-148. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas.2007-0459.ZENG, Z. et al. (2015) Essential oil and aromatic plants as feed additives in non-ruminant nutrition: a review. In J. Anim. Sci. Biotech, vol. 6, pp. 1-10. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40104-015-0004-

The effect of growing locality on the nutritive value of maize silage hybrids with various FAO number

DOI: 10.15414/afz.2014.17.01.24-29Received 7. February 2014 ǀ Accepted 20. March 2014 ǀ Available online 8. April 2014We evaluated the effect of locality on nutritive value of maize silage with various FAO number. There were 8 maize silage hybrids (FAO 220, FAO 230, FAO 260, FAO 280, FAO 390, FAO 450, FAO 550) grown in two similar localities. All 16 groups were cut at milk-wax stage for whole plant silage and ensiled for 1 month in 4 dm3 glasses. Silages were sampled and analyzed for crude protein, NDF, ADL, Starch and IVDMD.  There were found significant differences (P<0.05) between localities within the type of hybrid in crude protein content of FAO 280, FAO 360, FAO 450, in ADL content of FAO 230, in NEL content of FAO 280, in DINAG  of FAO 230 and FAO 280. When compared all groups, IVDMD of the silage from FAO 450 grown in locality 2 has been found significantly higher (P<0.01) than all silages of locality 1, except FAO 550. Calculated content of NEL 7.24 MJ.kg-1 and value of DINAG 46.8 for FAO 450 were the highest in the experiment.Keywords: forage, maize silage, digestibility, earliness, net energy of lactatio

FERMENTATION PROCESS CHARACTERISTICS OF DIFFERENT MAIZE SILAGE HYBRIDS

The aim of this study was to detect the fermentation process differences in different hybrid maize silage. We conserved in laboratory conditions hybrids of whole maize plants with different length of the vegetative period (FAO number). Maize hybrids for silage were harvested in the vegetation stage of the milk-wax maturity of corn and the content of dry matter was from 377.7 to 422.8 g.kg-1. The highest content of dry matter was typical for silages made from the hybrids with FAO number 310 (400.0 g.kg-1) and FAO 300a (400.4 g.kg-1). The content of desirable lactic acid ranged from 23.7 g.kg-1 of dry matter (FAO 350) to 58.9 g.kg-1 of dry matter (FAO 420). We detected the occurrence of undesirable butyric acid in silages from hybrids FAO 250, 300b, 310 and 380. The highest content of total alcohols we found in silages made from hybrid with FAO number 240 (25.2 g.kg-1 of dry matter). Ammonia contents were in tested silages from 0.153 (FAO 270) to 0.223 g.kg-1 of dry matter (FAO 240). The lowest value of silage titration acidity we analyzed in silage made from hybrid FAO 420 (3.66). We observed in maize silages with different length of plant maturity tested in the experiment differences in content of lactic acid, total alcohols, titration acidity, pH and content of fermentation products

The effect of dietary Rhus coriaria L. supplementation on fatty acids composition in table eggs

The aim of the study was to analyse the effect of Rhus coriaria L. on fatty acids composition in table eggs. In the experiment, there were used laying hens Hy-Line Brown at the age 20 weeks, experiment lasted 21 weeks. Two diets for two hen´s groups (control: C and experimental: E) were used in trial. In control group, hens were fed by commercial total feed mixture, in experimental group the feed mixture was supplemented by Rhus coriaria L. seeds (1 % in feed mixture). During the last week of experiment, eggs of group were collected and after adjustment were analysed for fatty acids. In experimental group of hens was found in egg´s yolk significantly (P0.05) of a higher linoleic acid percentage. The same tendency (P>0.05) was found in γ-linoleic acid. In egg´s yolk from control group of hens were found higher percentage of α-linoleic acid (P<0.05).  In arachidic and arachidonic acid, there were didn´t found a effect of Rhus coriaria L. seed supplementation in total feed mixture hen´s diet