ADDITIONS TO THE VASCULAR FLORA OF MONGOLIA - III

The paper presents the updates on the new species; new regional and new location records since the treatment for “Conspectus of the vascular plants of Mongolia” (Urgamal et al. 2014) listed as new for the Mongolian floristic novelties and reported as well. This article includes the data on new species records for 33 species (2 subspecies and 1 varietes) included 20 genera and 14 families to the vascular flora of Mongolia. One genus (Matthiola) has been added as new to the flora of Mongolia. An annotated checklist of vascular plant species and phytogeography for Mongolia is given. The most made additions of the number of species of following families and genera: Ranunculaceae (12 species), Rosaceae (6 species), Brassicaceae (3 species) families and Potentilla (6 species), Ranunculus (4 species), and Aquilegia (3 species). The most made additions to the following phyto-geographical regions of Mongolia are: Mongolian Altai (11 species), Khentei (10 species) and Khangai (4 species) regions. The includes to new records for 10 species are as “sub-endemic“and one species as “very rare” to the vascular flora of Mongolia

Additions to the vascular flora of Mongolia - IV

The article presents updates on the new species recorded in the “Conspectus of the Vascular Plants of Mongolia” (Urgamal et al. 2014), and three articles published “Additions to the Vascular Flora of Mongolia – I, II, III (2013, 2014, 2016)” listed as new for the Mongolian floristic novelties and reported as well. The aim of this article is to officially report new records for vascular plants from Mongolia, and this includes the data in total, 28 species (with 2 infraspecies) from 19 genera and 12 families. In addition, Cerastium alpinum, Dianthus repens, Draba alpina, Eritrichium tianschanicum, Gastrolychnis violascens, Iris oxypetala, Papaver chakassicum, Papaver lapponicum, Potentilla turczaninowiana, Stellaria depressa (10 species) were newly recorded in the list of vascular flora of Mongolia. The newly added species come under the following families and genera: Caryophyllaceae (5 species), Ranunculaceae (4 species), and Rosaceae (4 species) families and Potentilla (4 species), Geranium (3 species), and Iris (3 species) genera. The most recent additions to the following phyto-geographical regions of Mongolia are: Mongolian Altai (9 species), Khovd (7 species), and Khangai (6 species) regions. At present, 3191 taxa (including 134 subspecies and 34 varieties) of vascular plants, representing over 684 genera from 108 families, 39 orders, 12 classes, includes 5 divisions, and 3 superclades (Ferns, Gymnospermae and Angiospermae) are registered in Mongolia. Since the last conspectus (Urgamal et al. 2014) was published, 1genera, 64 species and subspecies have been newly added to the flora of Mongolia. The newly recorded 5 species are “endemic“and 9 species are “sub-endemic” to Mongolia. Therefore, currently a total of 125 species (3.91%) are “endemic”, and 532 species (16.65%) are “sub-endemic” to the vascular flora of Mongolia, respectively

Phenology of Stipa krylovii Roshev. and Stipa tianschanica var. klemenzii Roshev., species dominating the vegetation communities of Hustai National Park

Includes bibliographical references.Presented at the Building resilience of Mongolian rangelands: a trans-disciplinary research conference held on June 9-10, 2015 in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.Hustai National Park (HNP), which is one of the important parts of the Mongolian Special Protection Areas network, was founded in 1992 with the purpose of reintroducing the Takhi horse (Equus ferus przewalskii). HNP vegetation phenology research was first done in 1999 and since 2003 has been conducted each year between 24th of April and 24th of September, every 10 days. The purpose of this study is to identify, with the help of dominant species, the response of vegetation growing period to climate changes and to clarify features of species' phenology changes. As a result of the research we identified and recorded general trends of dominant vegetation phenology stages and how these changes respond to environmental factors (air temperature and precipitation). Comparison of the phenology stages of the two grasses dominant in the mountain steppe and steppe communities, Stipa tianschanica var. klemenzii Roshev. and Stipa krylovii Roshev. identified that the May and June precipitation amount had a significant effect on the beginning of the species' spring growing period (p<0.027). The results show that the vegetation growing period of the species has been increasing in the mountain steppe communities

Deforestation and degradation of forests in the Khustai nuruu mountains of Northern Mongolia

Deforestation and forest degradation in the forest-steppe zone is one of the most pressing issues in the world, involving territory of southern boreal forests in Northern Mongolia. The changes in forest cover between 1999 and 2016 and driving factors to deforestation and forest degradation in the Khustai nuruu mountains of the Northern Mongolia were analyzed. Forest monitoring was carried out in mature and over-mature flat-leaved birch Betula platyphilla Sukacz. forests with an admixture of aspen Populus tremula L. using the combined method of remote sensing and ground based field measurements. We found an accelerated deforestation trend between 2006 and 2009, which amounted to 463 ha (23.2 %) since deforestation in the Khustai nuruu mountains was started. Overall 17-year forest monitoring revealed that a total of 675 ha of forests were completely converted to non-forest area. As urgent measures to mitigate the effects and limit rapid deforestation in study area, it is recommended to improve the sustainable forest management via establishing optimum head of livestock and wild animals, strengthening prevention and control measures against pests, and reforestation on deforested areas using seedling of native tree species taken from forest nurseries in the region

ALLIUM CAROLINIANUM DC., A NEW SPECIES TO THE OUTER MONGOLIA

The article reports on the new species for the flora of Mongolia Allium carolinianum DC. found in the west part of the country. A short morphological characteristics, nomenclature, the number of chromosomes and description of the karyotype are given

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in patients for whom first-line treatment failed, Mongolia, 2010–2011

In Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) was diagnosed for more than a third of new sputum smear–positive tuberculosis patients for whom treatment had failed. This finding suggests a significant risk for community-acquired MDR TB and a need to make rapid molecular drug susceptibility testing available to more people

Новые находки во флоре Монголии. Часть 1

В статье представлены новые данные о видовом разнообразии и распространении видов из нескольких семейств растений в Монголии. Материал был собран в ходе совместной монгольско-немецко-российской экспедиции летом 2013 года и хранится в гербариях ALTB, OSBU, UBU и Ховдского университета

Gastric Microbiota in <i>Helicobacter pylori</i>-Negative and -Positive Gastritis Among High Incidence of Gastric Cancer Area

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) related chronic gastritis is a well-known major etiological factor for gastric cancer development. However, H. pylori-negative gastritis (HpN) is not well described. We aimed to examine gastric mucosal microbiota in HpN compared to H. pylori-positive gastritis (HpP) and H. pylori-negative non-gastritis group (control). Here, we studied 11 subjects with HpN, 40 with HpP and 24 controls. We performed endoscopy with six gastric biopsies. Comparison groups were defined based on strict histological criteria for the disease and H. pylori diagnosis. We used 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to profile the gastric microbiota according to comparison groups. These results demonstrate that the HpP group had significantly lower bacterial richness by the operational taxonomic unit (OTU) counts, and Shannon and Simpson indices as compared to HpN or controls. The linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis showed the enrichment of Firmicutes, Fusobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria at phylum level in the HpN group. In the age-adjusted multivariate analysis, Streptococcus sp. and Haemophilus parainfluenzae were at a significantly increased risk for HpN (odds ratio 18.9 and 12.3, respectively) based on abundance. Treponema sp. was uniquely found in HpN based on occurrence. In this paper, we conclude that Streptococcus sp., Haemophilus parainfluenzae and Treponema sp. are candidate pathogenic bacterial species for HpN. These results if confirmed may have important clinical implications