The Effect of Docosahexaenoic Acid on Anxiety and Depression Behaviors in Adult Male Mice

Abstract Background: Anxiety and depression are psychological and physiological states that are identified by physical, emotional and behavioral changes. According to studies conducted, there is evidence concerning the effect of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on the emotional, motor, and cognitive functions of humans and animals. In this study, the effect of DHA (2.5 mg/kg) on anxiety and depression behaviors in adult male mice was examined. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 42 adult male mice were randomly divided into 6 groups of 7 mice. The studied animals were divided into control, vehicle (intraperitoneal injection of sesame oil for 14 days) and treated groups (intraperitoneal injection of DHA with 2.5 mg/kg for 1, 3, 5, and 14 days) and then were studied for anxiety and depression behaviors with elevated plus maze and forced swimming tests. Results: The results of this study showed that treatment of docosahexaenoic acid did not have a significant effect on anxiety behaviors on days 1, 3, 5 (p >0.05), but 14-days treatment significantly reduced the duration of immobility time in the forced swimming test (p˂ 0.05). Conclusion: According to the results, it can be said that docosahexaenoic acid in the dose of 2.5 mg/kg does not affect the anxiety behaviors of rodents but it leads to a decrease in depression behaviors

Effect of co-administration of donepezil and folic acid on spatial memory impairment in adult male rat model of Alzheimer's disease

Background: Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that is diagnosed with a lack of memory and perception. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of donepezil and folic acid on reference and working memory disorders caused by electrical lesion of nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM). Methods: In this experimental study, 49 adult male Wistar rats were divided into 7 groups: control and, nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM) lesion group. which received electrically-induced lesion (0.5 mA, 3 s) in NBM, sham group (the electrode was impaled in to the nucleus basalis magnocellularis with no lesion), donepezil group (lesion + donepezil 0.1 mg/kg), folic acid group (lesion + folic acid 5 mg), interaction group (lesion + donepezil-folic acid) and vehicle group (lesion + saline). Acquisition and retention tests were done by using an eight-radial arm maze task. Findings: Results showed that there was a significant difference between control and lesion groups (P<0.05). Combination treatment with donepezil and folic acid improved the parameters of spatial memory errors in the acquisition and retention tasks comparing to the control group (P˂0.05). Conclusion: The degradation of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis caused to increase reference and working memory errors. Also the co-administration of donepezil and folic acid leaded to a reduction in these errors and improved spatial memory of the rat

Effect of co-administration of lovastatin and folic acid on cognitive impairment due to bilateral electrical lesion of nucleus basalis magnocellularis in the Alzheimer\'s disease model in adult male rats

Introduvtion: Alzheimer's disease is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases in the brain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of lovastatin and folic acid on cognitive deficit by induced lesion in nucleus basalis magnocellularis Methods: In this experimental study, 56 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 8 groups: (7 rat in each group): control(intact), Nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM) lesion group, which received electrically- induced lesion (0.5 m A, 3s) in NBM, Sham group ( the electrode was impaled in to the NBM with no lesion), lovastatin group (NBM lesion + lovastatin 1mg/kg), folic acid group (NBM lesion+ folic acid 5mg/kg), interaction group( NBM lesion+ lovastatin-folic acid), saline group( NBM lesion + saline) and Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) group (NBM lesion + DMSO 5%). Acquisition and retention testing was done by using an eight-radial arm maze, in which, the patterns of arm entries in each group for calculating working memory errors, reference memory error and latency were recorded. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test Results: Results showed that there was a significant difference between the control and lesion groups in the parameters of the reference memory error, working memory error and elapsed time (P˂ 0.05). Co-administration of&nbsp; lovastatin - folic acid resulted in a reduction in the reference and working memory error and the time spent in the eight-arm radial laser maze compared with lesion group Conclusion: According to the results, co-administration of folic acid and lovastatin had a positive effect on spatial memory of Alzheimer's rats

Effect of donepezil hydrochloride on reference and working memory impairment after bilateral electrical lesion of nucleus basalis magnocellularis in rats model of Alzheimer disease

Background and Objective: Dysfunction and loss of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons and their cortical projections are the earliest pathological events in the pathogenesis of alzheimer disease (AD). This study was done to evaluate the effect of donepezil hydrochloride on reference and working memory caused by mutual electrical lesion of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM) in animal model of AD. Methods: In this experimental study, 56 adult male Wistar rats were allocated into 8 group (n=7) including: control (intact), NBM lesion group, which received electrically- induced lesion (0.5 m A, 3s) in NBM, Sham group (the electrode was impaled in to the NBM with no lesion), donepezil groups (lesion + 0.1, 1, 5, 10 mg/kg/bw of donepezil hydrochloride) and vehicle group (NBM lesion+ saline). Acquisition and retention testing were done by using an eight-radial arm maze, in which, the patterns of arm entries in each group was recorded for calculating correct choice, working memory errors, reference memory error and latency. Results: The spatial learning of animals in the lesion of NBM group significantly reduced in compared to controls (P<0.05). Moreover, no effect on spatial learning was seen in the sham group compared with the lesion group. The post-lesion treatment with donepezil hydrochloride in dose-dependent manner improved the parameters of spatial memory errors in the acquisition and retention tasks in comparision with the lesion group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Treatment with donepezil hydrochloride, dose-dependently improves cognitive impairment induced by the destruction of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis

Effects of Donepezil Hydrochloride on Neuronal Response of Pyramidal Neuron of the CA1 Hippocampus in Rat Model of Alzheimer\'s Disease

Introduction: Donepezil (DON), an Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor (AChEI), is widely used in the treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). The current study aimed at evaluating the effect of donepezil hydrochloride on pyramidal neuron response in CA1 region of a rat model of AD. Methods: In the current experimental study, adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: Nucleus Basalis Magnocellularis (NBM) lesion (the lesions were induced by an electrical method of 0.5 m A, for 3 s in NBM) and three donepezil groups (lesions plus 5, 10, and 15 mg/kg donepezil intraperitoneal injection). Neuronal spontaneous activity to injection of the donepezil and saline were recorded in CA1 region of hippocampal. Results: The obtained results showed that IntraPeritoneal (IP) injection of donepezil (10 and 15 mg/kg) increased neuronal spontaneous activity in the rat model of AD. Conclusion: The current study results suggested that acute IP injection of donepezil increased neuronal response in CA1 region of hippocampal in a rat model of AD