ORAL DOSAGES FORM: MEDICINE CONTAINING CHEWIMG GUM: A REVIEW

Chewing gums are mobile drug delivery systems. It is a potentially useful means of administering drugs either locally or systemically via, the oral cavity. Several ingredients are now incorporated in medicated chewing gum, e.g. Fluoride for prophylaxis of dental caries, chlorhexidine as local disinfectant, nicotine for smoking cessation, aspirin as an analgesic, and caffeine as a stay alert preparation. It was concluded that chewing gum is an excellent drug delivery system for self-medication as it is convenient and can be administered directly without water and they contain one or more active substances which are released by chewing and are intended to be used for local treatment of mouth diseases or systemic delivery after absorption through the buccal mucosa.Key-words: Medicated Chewing Gum, Mouth Diseases, Oral Drug Delivery System.Â

FUNGAL INFECTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH COVID-19

To study fungal infections such as Mucormycosis, Aspergillosis, Candidiasis, Cryptococcosis associated with Covid-19. A detailed study was done with the information gathered from the articles in specified databases, online sources, and online published materials to have current details of the situation of fungal infections in covid patients. Fungal infections were seen among covid-19 patients mostly due to opportunistic fungal pathogens such as Mucor, Candida, Aspergillus, and Cryptococcus. The reason behind rising opportunistic fungal infections among covid-19 patients may be the immunocompromised host. The most common species responsible for fungal infections in covid-19 were noticed to be of genus Mucor, A. flavus, and A. fumigatus species of genus Aspergillus, C. albicans species of genus Candida, C. neoformans, and C. gattii species of genus Cryptococcus. Patients suffering or recovered from covid-19 are now facing numerous Secondary Infections. The majority of secondary infections associated with covid-19 are Fungal Infections. Mucormycosis, candidiasis, aspergillosis, cryptococcosis as opportunistic infections are seen widely in the covid-19 treated patients. Rapid progression of such fungal infections is required to be controlled by early diagnosis of infection and by identifying the underlying risk parameters. Protocols for disease management will be beneficial too

An Eco-friendly Approach for Nanosilver Synthesis and its Therapeutic Aspects

Nanosciences along with the emergence of nanobiotechnolgy and nanomedicine in the last few decades provided a number of opportunities for exploring the bactericidal and fungicidal activities of metal nanoparticles. In the present scenario silver in the form of nanoparticles are playing a major role in the field of Nanotechnology and Nano medicine, their unique size dependent properties make them superior and indispensable. Silver nanoparticles are particles in the size ranging between 1 and 100 nm. Although nanoparticles can be synthesized through array of conventional methods, biological route of synthesizing are good competent over the physical and chemical techniques. Green principle route of synthesizing have emerged as alternative to overcome the limitation of conventional methods among which plant and microorganisms are majorly exploited. Employing plants towards synthesis of nanoparticles are emerging as advantageous compared to microbes with the presence of  broad variability of bio-molecules in plants can act as capping and reducing agents and thus increases the rate of reduction and stabilization. In addition, the biological synthesis of metallic nanoparticles is inexpensive, single step and eco-friendly methods. Nanosilver has developed as a potent antibacterial, antifungal, anti-viral and anti-inflammatory agent and also in diagnostic and therapeutic applications. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of recent trends in synthesizing nanoparticles via biological entities and their potential applications. Keywords: Silver nanoparticles, Nanosilver, Green synthesis, Application

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF MATRIX DIFFUSION CONTROLLED TRANSDERMAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM OF GLIPIZIDE

Abstract: Context: There has been a tremendous increase in interest for transdermal drug delivery system for sustain release dosage form in chronic manageable diseased conditions like diabetes, hypertension etc to reduce the frequency of dosing. It reduces the risk of exposing the body to drug above maximum safe concentration in case of dosage form failure in comparison to oral sustained release drug delivery system. Aims: Transdermal patches of Glipizide were formulated to achieve sustain release pattern within the therapeutic range. Methods and Material: HPMC 5cps, HPMC 15cps, HPMC K-100M, Ethyl cellulose (EC), Eudragit RS 100 (ERS-100) and Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) K30 were used as matrix forming polymer. Propylene glycol was used as penetration enhancer. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) 400 and n-dibultyl phthalate (n-DB) were used as plasticizer. Methanol and chloroform were used as solvents. Patches were prepared by solvent casting method. Results: Patches prepared, from each batch, gave release profile for over 10 hours. Conclusions: Prepared patches from HPMC 5 cps and ethyl cellulose exhibited good characteristics for sustained release action and other parameters evaluated