Launch disasters in Bangladesh: a geographical study

Bangladesh is a riverine country and communication by waterways is of great importance especially in the southern region of the country. From Chandpur southwards, waterway is the only means of transport and so a large number of people has to travel by motor launches in the coastal areas and inland. Since the early 1950's, motor launch services have become popular and in the period 1997-98 there were 1,853 registered launches operating 227 routes. But this important mode is ridden with tragic disasters every year, incurring a heavy toll of human lives. Since 1977, there were 248 motor launch accidents recorded by BIWTA (Bangladesh Inland Water Transport Authority) with a loss of 2,309 1ives, 374 persons injured and 208 persons missing. This paper attempts to roughly trace out the causes and the geographical distribution of the accidents through an analysis of a time series data covering the period between 1977 and 2000. It was found that the most frequent type or cause of launch accidents was collision, followed by foundering and overloading. The least frequent accident types were due to under-water currents, shoals, leaning electricity poles and country boats travelling without lights at night and manned by untrained operators, followed by cyclones. Interestingly, overcrowding did not seem to be the most typical of launch disasters in the countr

How economists cite literature: citation analysis of two core Pakistani economic journals

Selected volumes of the Pakistan Development Review (PDR) and the Pakistan Economic and Social Review (PESR) were analysed to find the citation pattern of their articles. Eight volumes of each journal were selected, two volumes representing a decade. The results revealed that the PDR has been the most cited journal. The mean score of citations per article remained insignificantly different in the two core journals. More than 50 per cent of the citations from both journals were single-authored. More than 50 per cent of the citations were from non-journal sources, mainly books. Although citations from online sources were seen, it was a negligible number. About 47 per cent of the total citations of the PDR were up to five years old compared with the citations of the PESR, where only 25 per cent fell into this category. Most of the authors used foreign books as citations. There is a significant similarity in the top most cited journals in both cases. Most of the frequently cited journals were from the USA

Impact of computer training on professional library activities in Pakistan

Report on a survey of alumni of the Pakistan Library Association’s Computer Training Center in Lahore to determine the impact of the Certificate in Library Automation (CLA) on librarianship in Pakistan. The survey provided information on: the profile of the respondents; their participation in computer training before and after taking the CLA; the impact of their training on their success in job seeking; their access to and use of computers; their participation in library automation projects and other auto-mation related activities; and suggestions regarding further courses and the improvement of the Training Centre. The results showed that the courses were attended mainly by comparatively young professional librarians, most of whom were working in Lahore. Their computer training contributed a lot to their success in getting new jobs. Most of them had access to computer facilities in their offices and use them daily, and have participated significantly in automation activities in their libraries. Many also applied their computing knowledge in writing books, articles, delivering lectures and providing consultancy services. Many suggestions were made for improving the courses

Social Impediments of Self Employment and Sustainable Development

This paper has the objectives to explain the socio-economic culture of self-employment that are prevailing in our society creating hindrances for entrepreneurship and sustainable development. No country becomes developed without providing employment opportunities to ordinary people and young generation. In recent times in Pakistan, everybody is seeking a job, people have become more dependent. Mostly people in our country are getting education for earning their livelihood. Therefore, after completion of education, our social and cultural values don’t support a young person to take business initiatives that encompass sustainable growth. Apparently, people don’t prove their creativeness; perhaps this is due to lack of self-determination, lack of self-sufficiency, and dependency which has made the nation dull and null. Some past studies revealed that in developed nations like, US, Japan, the common people prefer to do something at their own behalf, no dependency hinders these people. This paper also postulated the role of education and important patterns impending to promote self-employment culture in the light of work of different authors. Finally, this paper would have likely to forecast necessary guidelines to the policy makers to bring a change and cope with the existing situation of self-employment in Pakistan

Social Impediments of Self Employment and Sustainable Development

This paper has the objectives to explain the socio-economic culture of self-employment that are prevailing in our society creating hindrances for entrepreneurship and sustainable development. No country becomes developed without providing employment opportunities to ordinary people and young generation. In recent times in Pakistan, everybody is seeking a job, people have become more dependent. Mostly people in our country are getting education for earning their livelihood. Therefore, after completion of education, our social and cultural values don’t support a young person to take business initiatives that encompass sustainable growth. Apparently, people don’t prove their creativeness; perhaps this is due to lack of self-determination, lack of self-sufficiency, and dependency which has made the nation dull and null. Some past studies revealed that in developed nations like, US, Japan, the common people prefer to do something at their own behalf, no dependency hinders these people. This paper also postulated the role of education and important patterns impending to promote self-employment culture in the light of work of different authors. Finally, this paper would have likely to forecast necessary guidelines to the policy makers to bring a change and cope with the existing situation of self-employment in Pakistan

Surgical Management of Intracranial Aneurysms and Subarachnoid Haemorrhage : An Overview

Egas Moniz discovered an aneurysm by cerebral Angiography in 1933.1       Cushing introduced first aneurysmal clip in 1911, Mayfield modified the existing spring clip with cross leg (Schwartz) by making it a smaller, tweezer – like applicator.2       An intracranial vascular procedure was first repor-ted with aid of operating microscope which introduced simultaneously magnification and illumination.3       Dott in 1933performed 1st planned intracranial surgery for a saccular aneurysm.4       Dandy in 1937 clipped the neck of aneurysm with a metallic clip.5       Yasirgill of Zurich and Drake of London Ontario, published a lot onaneurysms of anterior & posterior circulation.6,7       An elaborated study of natural history of aneurysm was published by the pakarinen in 196.7