Prarancangan Pabrik Etilen Oksida Dari Etilen Dan Udara Kapasitas 55.000 Ton/Tahun

Pabrik etilen oksida dengan bahan baku etilen dan udara dengan kapasitas 55.000 ton per tahun direncanakan beroperasi selama 330 hari per tahun. Proses pembuatan etilen oksida dengan cara oksidasi langsung dengan udara pada suhu 250oC dan tekanan 20 atm di dalam reaktor fixed bed multitube yang berisi katalis perak dengan kondisi nonisothermal-nonadiabatis. Kebutuhan etilen untuk pabrik ini sebanyak 6.861 kg/jam. Produk yang dihasilkan berupa etilen oksida sebanyak 6.944 kg/jam. Utilitas pendukung proses meliputi penyediaan air sebesar 144.718,846 kg/jam yang diperoleh dari air sungai Cidanau, penyediaan saturated steam sebesar 10.964,981 kg/jam yang diperoleh dari boiler dengan bahan bakar solar sebesar 857,667 kg/jam, kebutuhan udara tekan sebesar 2.884 kg/jam, kebutuhan listrik diperoleh dari PLN dan generator sebesar 1.700 kW. Pabrik ini didirikan di kawasan industri Cilegon, Jawa Barat dengan luas tanah 14.018 m2 dan jumlah karyawan 120 orang. Pendirian pabrik etilen oksida ini memerlukan modal tetap sebesar Rp 200.682.691.072,49 dan modal kerja sebesar Rp 21.804.745.708,07. Dari hasil analisis ekonomi menunjukkan keuntungan sebelum pajak Rp 154.014.570.193,60 per tahun setelah dipotong pajak sebesar 25% keuntungan mencapai Rp 115.510.927.645,20 per tahun. Percent Return On Investment (ROI) sebelum pajak 76,75% dan setelah pajak 57,56%. Pay Out Time (POT) sebelum pajak 1,2 tahun dan setelah pajak 1,5 tahun. Break Even Point (BEP) sebesar 44,08%, dan Shut Down Point (SDP) sebesar 33,21% dan Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) terhitung sebesar 34,63%. Dari data analisis kelayakan di atas disimpulkan, bahwa pabrik ini menguntungkan dan layak untuk didirikan

Ethanol Production from Non Food Tubers of Iles-iles (Amorphophallus campanulatus) using Hydrolyzes by Commercial Enzymes (α and β amylase) and Fermentation by Saccharomices cereviseae

The decrease of oil production caused the increase on the price of fossil fuels. This paper was investigated the possibility of Amorphophallus campanulatus or known as âiles-ilesâ by Javanese people, which is known have a high carbohydrate content, as a raw material to produce bioethanol. The first stage of the process was hydrolyzes the starch, combined by liquefaction and saccharification of the starch from âiles-ilesâ using α and β amylase. The process was followed by fermentation of glucose with the help of S. cerevisiae. To obtain the maximum ethanol content, several parameter had been studied, such as the type S. cerevisiae (pure, dry, wet and instant), the dosage of α-amylase, β-amylase and also DAP dosage as a nutrient support for S. cerevisiae. The result shows that the highest ethanol concentration obtained in fermentation using dry S. cereviseae for 72 h with 10.2% (v/v) of ethanol. The highest total sugar content by hydrolysis was achieved by 0.0032 mL α-amylase/g, while β-amylase was 0.0064 mL β-amylase/g (12.5% of glucose). This is show that with increasing of α and β amylase dosages, the total sugar formed was increased. The DAP (Diammonium phosphate) was used as a Nitrogen supply which is needed by S. cerevisiae to growth and as a results can increase the level of ethanol produced. The additional of DAP in the fermentation prove that it can enhance 8.45% (v/v) of ethanol. Therefore, it can be concluded that the highest levels of ethanol with conventional methods of âiles-ilesâ was obtained at 72 h using the dry S. cerevisiae, with 0.0032 and 0.0064 mL enzyme/g of α and β amylase, respectively. This result shows that the plant seems to be a potential raw material for bioethanol