PENGARUH VARIASI KOMBINASI PVP K30 DAN EUDRAGIT RS-100 TERHADAP SIFAT FISIK DAN UJI IN VITRO PROPRANOLOL PATCH

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang pengaruh variasi kombinasi PVP K30 dan Eudragit RS-100 terhadap sifat fisik dan uji in vitro propranolol patch. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah polimer jenis pvp dan eudragit dapat membentuk patch dengan sifat fisik yang baik dan mengetahui laju pelepasan  propranolol patch. Pengujian patch meliputi ketebalan patch, keseragaman kandungan, moisture content dan pengujian pelepasan secara in vitro menggunakan franz diffusion cell. Ketiga formula yang dibuat dapat membentuk patch dengan sifat fisik yang baik. Hasil uji pelepasan secara in vitro diperoleh formula dengan konsentrasi optimum propranolol patch yaitu PVP dan Eudragit 1:9 menghasilkan 20,14 µg/ml

Kemuning Leaves Extract Gel (Murraya panicula L.): A Study of Quality and Efficacy in Healing Burns

This study aims to determine the activity of kemuning leaves extract in healing burns, and efficacy and quality of the extract in gel dosage form. The research was started with kemuning leaves extraction used maceration method with ethanol 96%, ethyl acetate and n-hexane as solvent. Each extract was activity tested for healing burn in rabbits. The extract that is most effective in wound healing then formulated into gel. The gel preparations were made in 3 variations of concentration, namely 5% (FI), 10% (FII), and 15% (FIII), with basis by carbopol 940 gel, triethanolamine, and methyl paraben. Then, gels were tested for efficacy and quality. The efficacy test follows the activity test procedure. Gel quality test includes organoleptic, pH, viscosity, dispersibility, and homogenity. The activity test showed that ethanol 96% extract, ethyl acetate and n-hexane healed burns in 13,3; 14,3; and 15,3 days, respectively. While the results of the gel efficacy test for FI, FII and FIII were 13,6; 11,6; and 9,6 days, respectively. In general, all gels have good qualities in every parameter, except the viscosity of FII and FIII which is slightly higher. Based on the results of the research, ethanol 96% extract was the most effective in healing burn. In addition, FIII gel has the best efficacy with good qualities except viscosity

HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitory Activity Potential of Iota-, Kappa-, and Lambda-carrageenan: A Molecular Docking Approach

HMG-CoA reductase is an essential enzyme responsible for the biosynthesis of cholesterol. Hyperactivity of HMG-CoA reductase will increase cholesterol production, leading to the elevation of blood cholesterol levels. Inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase is one way to block cholesterol biosynthesis to lower blood cholesterol levels. This study evaluated the inhibitory potential of iota-, kappa-, and lambda-carrageenan against HMG-CoA reductase. The study was undertaken by in silico method using a molecular docking approach via Autodock 4.2 assisted by ADT graphical user interface. HMG-CoA reductase co-crystal structure was used as the target, and iota-, kappa-, and lambda-carrageenan as the test ligands. The result revealed that iota- and lambda-carrageenan possess an excellent affinity to HMG-CoA reductase with the free binding energy of -12.44 and -11.87 kcal/mol and Ki value of 0.765 and 2.01 nM, respectively, which is found to be better than Simvastatin and the native ligand. The compounds' chemical properties influenced the molecules' molecular interactions affecting their affinity. The number of SO4 groups is assumed to affect the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitory activity of iota-, kappa-, and lambda-carrageenan. KEYWORDS: iota-, kappa-, and lambda-carrageenan; HMG-CoA reductase; inhibitory activity; molecular dockin

PENGUJIAN AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK ETANOL KULIT BUAH SEMANGKA MERAH (Citrullus lanatus(Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai) TERHADAP BAKTERI Propionibacterium acnes

Telah dilakukan Pengujian aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol 96% kulit buah semangka merah (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai) Terhadap Bakteri  Propionibacterium acnes . Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui  kemampuan kulit buah semangka merah yang diekstraksi dengan etanol 96% sebagai agen antibakteri, khususnya terhadap bakteri penyebab jerawat Propionibacterium acne. Metode difusi kertas cakram digunakan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri dari ekstrak etanol 96% kulit buah semangka merah. Antibiotik klindamisin sebagai kontrol positif dan DMSO digunakan sebagai pembanding aktivitas antibakteri. Digunakan 4 konsentrasi yaitu 250, 500, 750, dan 1000 pmm. Kulit buah semangka merah menunjukan adanya aktivitas antibakteri terhadap  Propionibacterium acne pada konsentrasi optimum yang digunakan yaitu 1000 ppm dengan rata-rata diameter zona hambat 0,5 mm. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak kulit buah semangka merah memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Propionibacterium acne dengan kategori lemah

Kadar Fenolik dan Flavonoid Total Ekstrak Etanol Daun Anggur (Vitis vinifera L)

Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai analisis kadar fenolik dan flavonoid total ekstrak daun anggur (Vitis vinifera L) dengan metode Spektrofotometri UV-Vis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kadar fenolik dan flavonoid total dalam ekstrak etanol daun anggur. Sampel diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol. Penentuan kadar fenolik total ekstrak menggunakan pembanding asam galat dengan beberapa variasi konsentrasi. Penentuan kadar flavonoid total menggunakan pembanding kuersetin. Nilai absorbansi diukur dengan spektrofotometer. Nilai absorbansi kemudian dimasukkan ke dalam persamaan regresi linier. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kadar total fenolik dan kadar total flavonoid dalam ekstrak berturut-turut adalah sebesar 95,28 mg GAE/g dan 4,07 mg QE/g

Potensi Mie dari Labu Kuning (Cucurbita moschata Durch) dalam Menurunkan Kadar Glukosa Darah

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi labu kuning dalam menurunkan kadar gula darah setelah dibuat dalam bentuk makanan (mie). Labu terlebih dahulu dikupas lalu diiris tipis-tipis kemudian dikeringkan. Setelah kering labu dijadikan tepung dengan cara digiling dan diayak. Tepung labu kemudian diolah menjadi mie dengan mencapurkan dengan tepung kaya protein dan telur lalu digiling hingga membentuk mie. Mie dibuat dengan perbandingan tepung labu 57, 67, dan 75% terhadap total bahan padat. Mie dengan kandungan tepung labu 75% menunjukkan penurunan kadar glukosa darah tertinggi yaitu 60 mg/dL dengan indeks glikemik 69,56. Dari hasil pengujian hedonik, responden sebagian besar menyukai mie yang terbuat dari labu kuning

Bioavailability Study of Propranolol Patch

Bioavailability is a measure of the rate and amount of drug or active ingredient that is absorbed by a drug product and available at the site of action. By definition, the bioavailability of a drug when administered intravenously is 100%. However, when a drug is given by a different route of administration, its overall bioavailability will decrease (since the drug is not completely absorbed and metabolized first pass effect) or may vary from patient to patient. Bioavailability is very important in pharmacokinetics. One of them is that bioavailability needs to be taken when calculating the doses for administering a drug other than by intravenous route. The aim of this study was to describe the bioavailability of propranolol in patch preparations. Propranolol is made in patch formulations using menthol, PEG, and various combinations of PVP and Eudragit. PVP and Eudragit each dissolved in alcohol and then mixed until homogeneous. Propranolol was dissolved with a menthol solution and then mixed into a solution of PVP and Eudragit. Finally, PEG is added to the solution and stirred until homogeneous and then poured into the patch mold. The patches produced were then measured for each patch and bioavailability assay. The patch formula produced can be used transdermally, but of the three formulas, the F3 formula with a ratio of PVP K30 and Eudragit RS-100 3: 7 gives the best results with a tmax of 2 hours, Cmax 79.33 µg / ml and AUC 49.07 µg hours / ml