112 research outputs found
Eradicating perennial weeds in Minnesota
12 pages; includes photographs. This archival publication may not reflect current scientific knowledge or recommendations. Current information available from the University of Minnesota Extension: https://www.extension.umn.edu
Variations in the organic reserves in underground parts of five perennial weeds from late April to November
This archival publication may not reflect current scientific knowledge or recommendations
Field Beans for Minnesota
This archival publication may not reflect current scientific knowledge or recommendations. Current information available from the University of Minnesota Extension: https://www.extension.umn.edu
Small Grain Varieties in Minnesota
This archival publication may not reflect current scientific knowledge or recommendations. Current information available from University of Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station: http://www.maes.umn.edu
Crop rotation studies
This archival publication may not reflect current scientific knowledge or recommendations
Grow more soybeans in Minnesota
12 pages; includes photographs. This archival publication may not reflect current scientific knowledge or recommendations. Current information available from the University of Minnesota Extension: https://www.extension.umn.edu
Approved varieties of grain and corn for Minnesota
19 pages. This archival publication may not reflect current scientific knowledge or recommendations. Current information available from the University of Minnesota Extension: https://www.extension.umn.edu
LAT1 Protein Content Increases Following 12 Weeks of Resistance Exercise Training in Human Skeletal Muscle
Introduction: Amino acid transporters are essential for cellular amino acid transport and promoting protein synthesis. While previous literature has demonstrated the association of amino acid transporters and protein synthesis following acute resistance exercise and amino acid supplementation, the chronic effect of resistance exercise and supplementation on amino acid transporters is unknown. The purpose herein was to determine if amino acid transporters and amino acid metabolic enzymes were related to skeletal muscle hypertrophy following resistance exercise training with different nutritional supplementation strategies.
Methods: 43 college-aged males were separated into a maltodextrin placebo (PLA, n = 12), leucine (LEU, n = 14), or whey protein concentrate (WPC, n = 17) group and underwent 12 weeks of total-body resistance exercise training. Each group\u27s supplement was standardized for total energy and fat, and LEU and WPC supplements were standardized for total leucine (6 g/d). Skeletal muscle biopsies were obtained prior to training and ~72 h following each subject\u27s last training session.
Results: All groups increased type I and II fiber cross-sectional area (fCSA) following training (p \u3c 0.050). LAT1 protein increased following training (p \u3c 0.001) and increased more in PLA than LEU and WPC (p \u3c 0.050). BCKDHα protein increased and ATF4 protein decreased following training (p \u3c 0.001). Immunohistochemistry indicated total LAT1/fiber, but not membrane LAT1/fiber, increased with training (p = 0.003). Utilizing all groups, the change in ATF4 protein, but no other marker, trended to correlate with the change in fCSA (r = 0.314; p = 0.055); however, when regression analysis was used to delineate groups, the change in ATF4 protein best predicted the change in fCSA only in LEU (r2 = 0.322; p = 0.043). In C2C12 myoblasts, LAT1 protein overexpression caused a paradoxical decrease in protein synthesis levels (p = 0.002) and decrease in BCKDHα protein (p = 0.001).
Conclusions: Amino acid transporters and metabolic enzymes are affected by resistance exercise training, but do not appear to dictate muscle fiber hypertrophy. In fact, overexpression of LAT1 in vitro decreased protein synthesis
A Super-Alfvenic Model of Dark Clouds
Supersonic random motions are observed in dark clouds and are traditionally
interpreted as Alfven waves, but the possibility that these motions are
super-Alfvenic has not been ruled out. In this work we report the results of
numerical experiments in two opposite regimes; M_a ~ 1 and M_a >> 1, where M_a
is the initial Alfvenic Mach number --the ratio of the rms velocity to the
Alfven speed. Our results show that models with M_a >> 1 are consistent with
the observed properties of molecular clouds that we have tested --statistics of
extinction measurements, Zeeman splitting measurements of magnetic field
strength, line width versus integrated antenna temperature of molecular
emission line spectra, statistical B-n relation, and scatter in that relation--
while models with M_a ~ 1 have properties that are in conflict with the
observations. We find that both the density and the magnetic field in molecular
clouds may be very intermittent. The statistical distributions of magnetic
field and gas density are related by a power law, with an index that decreases
with time in experiments with decaying turbulence. After about one dynamical
time it stabilizes at B ~ n^{0.4}. Magnetically dominated cores form early in
the evolution, while later on the intermittency in the density field wins out,
and also cores with weak field can be generated, by mass accretion along
magnetic field lines.Comment: 10 figures, 2 tables include
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