Fundamentos de la gestión humanista: una perspectiva filosófica

This paper uses the philosophical rhombus proposed by Bédard to analyze the ontological, epistemological, axiological and praxiological dimensions of humanistic management, revealing the complexity involved in studying and implementing this approach. As a result of the analysis, the challenges faced by humanistic management are identified, prominent among which is changing the management paradigm that prevailed during the twentieth century, including various disciplines in its study as well as abandoning the homo economicus as a rationality of human activity. This paper offers an outlook of humanistic management rooted in the dimensions that are part of the philosophy of administration rather than in the philosophical trends that sustain it, resulting in the identification of the social science disciplines, the values and the practices that make up the study of humanistic management.Este trabajo utiliza el rombo filosófico de Bédard para hacer un análisis de la dimensión ontológica, epistemológica, axiológica y praxiológica de la gestión humanista, permitiendo observar la complejidad que representa su estudio e implementación. Resultado del análisis es la identificación de los retos a los que se enfrenta la gestión humanista, entre los que destaca el cambio del paradigma administrativo que imperó durante el siglo XX, la inclusión de diversas disciplinas de las ciencias sociales en su estudio y el abandono del homo economicus como racionalidad de la actividad humana. El trabajo aporta una comprensión de la gestión humanista desde las dimensiones que integra la filosofía de la administración y no desde las corrientes filosóficas que la nutren, teniendo como resultado la identificación de las disciplinas de las ciencias sociales, los valores y las prácticas que integran el estudio de la gestión humanista

Desarrollo de la industria del automóvil en España (1973-2007)

En este trabajo de fin de grado se trata de estudiar y analizar el desarrollo de la industria del automóvil en España. Para ello se estudian los antecedentes, las ventajas competitivas con las que contaba el país y las políticas empleadas para la atracción de capital. Posteriormente se analiza el desarrollo de la industria en España, primero estudiando la evolución de los sistemas de producción para a continuación analizar el desarrollo de la producción en España y finalmente la evolución de las ventas de estos vehículos tanto en el mercado interno como exterior. Para finalizar se analizan las consecuencias de la instalación de los fabricantes internacionales de la industria en nuestro país

Update on Bone Grafting Materials Used in Dentistry in the Bone Healing Process: Our Experience from Translational Studies to Their Clinical Use

The use of bone grafts is important to preserve the alveolar bone ridge height and volume indispensable for dental implant placement. Despite the highly successful outcomes for the implant-supported overdentures, it seems that a majority of edentulous individuals have not pursued implant-based rehabilitation. Among the reasons cited for this, discrepancy between highly successful therapy and its acceptance is the cost of the treatment. Therefore, the development of biomaterials for bone grafting with comparable characteristics and biological effects than those renowned internationally is necessary. In addition, domestic manufacture would reduce the high costs in public health arising from the application of these biomaterials in the dental field. The aim of the following chapter is to offer an update on one bone grafting material frequently used in dentistry through an assessment of anorganic bovine bone graft in small and medium experimental models as well as its clinical use

Customs Law

This article summarizes important developments in 2015 in customs law, including U.S. judicial decisions, trade, legislative, administrative, and executive developments, as well as Canadian, Chilean, and European legal developments

Evaluation Of Digital Maturity in The Management Systems of Municipalities in Colombia

El propósito de este artículo es evaluar el nivel de madurez digital en los sistemas administrativos de los municipios colombianos. Para lograr esto, se utilizó una metodología mixta que incluyó la aplicación de una encuesta estructurada a una muestra representativa de 235 municipios en el país. Los resultados obtenidos revelan un panorama variado: aunque se han realizado avances en áreas como el liderazgo digital y la seguridad cibernética, todavía existen brechas significativas en aspectos críticos como la infraestructura tecnológica, la automatización de procesos y el análisis de datos. Entre los hallazgos más importantes se destaca la necesidad de fortalecer las inversiones en capacidades técnicas, acelerar la integración de sistemas para mejorar la eficiencia operativa, desarrollar el aprovechamiento de información para tomar decisiones y fortalecer los servicios digitales dirigidos a los ciudadanos. En conclusión, la transformación digital en la gestión pública territorial está en marcha en Colombia, pero enfrenta desafíos importantes. Es prioritario abordarlos mediante una estrategia integral y un compromiso conjunto entre directivos, funcionarios y otros actores para aprovechar al máximo los beneficios que ofrece la era digital en la administración municipal.The purpose of this article is to evaluate the level of digital maturity in the administrative systems of Colombian municipalities. To achieve this, a mixed methodology was used that included the application of a structured survey to a representative sample of 235 municipalities in the country. The results obtained reveal a varied picture: although progress has been made in areas such as digital leadership and cybersecurity, there are still significant gaps in critical aspects such as technological infrastructure, process automation and data analysis. Among the most important findings is the need to strengthen investments in technical capabilities, accelerate the integration of systems to improve operational efficiency, develop the use of information to make decisions and strengthen digital services aimed at citizens. In conclusion, the digital transformation in territorial public management is underway in Colombia but faces important challenges. It is a priority to address them through a comprehensive strategy and a joint commitment between managers, officials and other actors to make the most of the benefits that the digital era offers in municipal administration

Conservation and Use of Latin American Maize Diversity: Pillar of Nutrition Security and Cultural Heritage of Humanity

Latin America is the center of domestication and diversity of maize, the second most cultivated crop worldwide. In this region, maize landraces are fundamental for food security, livelihoods, and culture. Nevertheless, genetic erosion (i.e., the loss of genetic diversity and variation in a crop) threatens the continued cultivation and in situ conservation of landrace diversity that is crucial to climate change adaptation and diverse uses of maize. We provide an overview of maize diversity in Latin America before discussing factors associated with persistence of large in situ maize diversity, causes for maize landrace abandonment by farmers, and strategies to enhance the cultivation of landraces. Among other factors, maize diversity is linked with: (1) small-holder farming, (2) the production of traditional food products, (3) traditional cropping systems, (4) cultivation in marginal areas, and (5) retention of control over the production system by the farmers. On the other hand, genetic erosion is associated with substitution of landraces with hybrid varieties or cash crops, and partial (off-farm labor) or complete migration to urban areas. Continued cultivation, and therefore on-farm conservation of genetic diversity held in maize landraces, can be encouraged by creating or strengthening market opportunities that make the cultivation of landraces and open pollinated varieties (OPVs) more profitable for farmers, supporting breeding programs that prioritize improvement of landraces and their special traits, and increasing the access to quality germplasm of landraces and landrace-derived OPVs

Novel interactions between phytoplankton and bacteria shape microbial seasonal dynamics in coastal ocean waters

Trophic interactions between marine phytoplankton and heterotrophic bacteria are at the base of the biogeochemical carbon cycling in the ocean. However, the specific interactions taking place between phytoplankton and bacterial taxa remain largely unexplored, particularly out of phytoplankton blooming events. Here, we applied network analysis to a 3.5-year time-series dataset to assess the specific associations between different phytoplankton and bacterial taxa along the seasonal scale, distinguishing between free-living and particle-attached bacteria. Using a newly developed network post-analysis technique we removed bacteria-phytoplankton correlations that were primarily driven by environmental parameters, to detect potential biotic interactions. Our results indicate that phytoplankton dynamics may be a strong driver of the inter-annual variability in bacterial community composition. We found the highest abundance of specific bacteria-phytoplankton associations in the particle-attached fraction, indicating a tighter bacteria-phytoplankton association than in the free-living fraction. In the particle-associated fraction we unveiled novel potential associations such as the one between Planctomycetes taxa and the diatom Leptocylindrus spp. Consistent correlations were also found between free-living bacterial taxa and different diatoms, including novel associations such as those between SAR11 with Naviculales diatom order, and between Actinobacteria and Cylindrotheca spp. We also confirmed previously known associations between Rhodobacteraceae and Thalassiosira spp. Our results expand our view on bacteria-phytoplankton associations, suggesting that taxa-specific interactions may largely impact the seasonal dynamics of heterotrophic bacterial communities

Tumor cell and immune cell profiles in primary human glioblastoma: Impact on patient outcome

© 2020 The Authors.The distribution and role of tumor-infiltrating leucocytes in glioblastoma (GBM) remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated the cellular composition of 55 primary (adult) GBM samples by flow cytometry and correlated the tumor immune profile with patient features at diagnosis and outcome. GBM single-cell suspensions were stained at diagnosis (n = 44) and recurrence following radiotherapy and chemotherapy (n = 11) with a panel of 8-color monoclonal antibody combinations for the identification and enumeration of (GFAPCD45) tumor and normal astrocytic cells, infiltrating myeloid cells —i.e. microglial and blood-derived tumor-associated macrophages (TAM), M1-like, and M2-like TAM, neutrophils. and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC)— and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) —i.e. CD3T-cells and their TCD4, TCD8, TCD4CD8, and (CD25CD127) regulatory (T-regs) subsets, (CD19CD20) B-cells, and (CD16) NK-cells—. Overall, GBM samples consisted of a major population (mean ± 1SD) of tumor and normal astrocytic cells (73% ± 16%) together with a significant but variable fraction of immune cells (24% ± 18%). Within myeloid cells, TAM predominated (13% ± 12%) including both microglial cells (10% ± 11%) and blood-derived macrophages (3% ± 5%), in addition to a smaller proportion of neutrophils (5% ± 9%) and MDSC (4% ± 8%). Lymphocytes were less represented and mostly included TCD4 (0.5% ± 0.7%) and TCD8 cells (0.6% ± 0.7%), together with lower numbers of TCD4CD8 T-cells (0.2% ± 0.4%), T-regs (0.1% ± 0.2%), B-lymphocytes (0.1% ± 0.2%) and NK-cells (0.05% ± 0.05%). Overall, three distinct immune profiles were identified: cases with a minor fraction of leucocytes, tumors with a predominance of TAM and neutrophils, and cases with mixed infiltration by TAM, neutrophils, and T-lymphocytes. Untreated GBM patients with mixed myeloid and lymphoid immune infiltrates showed a significantly shorter patient overall survival versus the other two groups, in the absence of gains of the EGFR gene (p = 0.02). Here we show that immune cell infiltrates are systematically present in GBM, with highly variable levels and immune profiles. Patients with mixed myeloid and T-lymphoid infiltrates showed a worse outcome.Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Madrid, Spain and fondos FEDER, Grant/Award Number: CB16/12/00400 and ISCIII PI16/0476; Consejería de Sanidad Junta de Castilla y León, Gerencia Regional de Salud, Spain, Grant/Award Number: GRS2049/A/1

Alt a 1 from Alternaria interacts with PR5 thaumatin-like proteins

Alt a 1 is a protein found in Alternaria alternata spores related to virulence and pathogenicity and considered to be responsible for chronic asthma in children. We found that spores of Alternaria inoculated on the outer surface of kiwifruits did not develop hyphae. Nevertheless, the expression of Alt a 1 gene was upregulated, and the protein was detected in the pulp where it co-localized with kiwi PR5. Pull-down assays demonstrated experimentally that the two proteins interact in such a way that Alt a 1 inhibits the enzymatic activity of PR5. These results are relevant not only for plant defense, but also for human health as patients with chronic asthma could suffer from an allergic reaction when they eat fruit contaminated with Alternaria