Non-ladder Extended Renormalization Group Analysis of the Dynamical Chiral Symmetry Breaking

The order parameters of dynamical chiral symmetry breaking in QCD, the dynamical mass of quarks and the chiral condensates, are evaluated by numerically solving the Non-Perturbative Renormalization Group (NPRG) equations. We employ an approximation scheme beyond ``the ladder'', that is, beyond the (improved) ladder Schwinger-Dyson equations. The chiral condensates are enhanced compared with the ladder ones, which is phenomenologically favorable. The gauge dependence of the order parameters is fairly reduced in this scheme.Comment: 18 pages, 30 eps file, 15 figures, LaTeX, slightly revised, references corrected, To be published in Prog. Theo. Phy

Wilson Renormalization Group Equations for the Critical Dynamics of Chiral Symmetry

The critical dynamics of the chiral symmetry breaking induced by gauge interaction is examined in the Wilson renormalization group framework in comparison with the Schwinger-Dyson approach. We derive the beta functions for the four-fermi couplings in the sharp cutoff renormalzation group scheme, from which the critical couplings and the anomalous dimensions of the fermion composite operators near criticality are immediately obtained. It is also shown that the beta functions lead to the same critical behavior found by solving the so-called ladder Schwinger-Dyson equation, if we restrict the radiative corrections to a certain limited type.Comment: 13 pages, 7 epsf figure

Designing a banking scale of human induced pluripotent stem cells based on suspension time-dependent quality variations in filling and cryopreservation processes

To establish a robust commercial production system for a cell product, it is necessary to investigate a lot of variable factors inside and outside of the system and discuss the cell manufacturability. In case of trying a scale-up of banking system for human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), the process time to fill the cell suspension into vials before cryopreservation is prolonged. And that will cause the decay of the cell quality, because cryoprotective agent (CPA) including dimethyl sulfoxide has toxicity to cells. Based on such fluctuation of cell product quality derived from time-dependency in down-stream process, novel strategy to design a process time and a banking scale is required. In this study, four performance indexes, survival ratio of cells during suspension in CPA before cryopreservation (γ), survival ratio, attachment efficiency and specific growth rate of cells after cryopreservation (β, α and μ, respectively) are proposed to evaluate the cellular state and potential of the product. And, the quality variations of suspended cells in CPA are elucidated by changing the process time of suspension at room temperature and 4 °C. At room temperature, γ decreased with process time (ts) exponentially, being γ = 0.72 at ts = 6 h. With respect to α, 4 hours suspension at room temperature had an insignificant effect, however, it dropped after the lag-time, being α = 0.73 at ts = 6 h. In contrast, β and μ were kept high level of 0.80 and 5.3 × 10-2 h-1, respectively, similarly to those without the process. In addition, the suspension at 4°C made the enhancement of γ and α at ts = 6 h (γ = 0.88 and α = 1.08, respectively), suggesting that the suppression in cell activity during suspension is important to preserve the cell quality. In conclusion, the proposed performance indexes are useful to estimate the state and potential of cell product in filling and cryopreservation processes, and the temperature control in filling process is one of the promising factors to maintain the cell product quality. Please click Additional Files below to see the full abstract

1006-44 A Prognostic Factor in Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): Platelet-Dependent Thrombin Generation in Patients with CAD

We examined platelet-dependent thrombin generation in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Thrombin generation was measured according to the method of Aronson et al (Circulation, 1992). 0.5ml of platelet rich plasma (PRP, 15×104/ml) was prepared, and 40mM of CaCl, was added to start clotting. 0.5mM of S-2238 was added to each sample in a microtiter plate every 10min, and the plate was read kinetically at a wavelength of 405nm on a microtiter plate reader. The patients with CAD devided into 3 groups.Thrombin generation 20 min after CaCI2, additon is:Control (n=12)48±10(mOD)Stable angina (SAP) (n=15)79±27Unstable angina (UAP) (n=15)**562±155Acute myocardial infarct (AMI) (n=43)**440±269**p<0.01 compared to SAPThe patients with UAP and AMI showed marked increase in thrombin generation compared to SAP and control subjects. AMI patients with severe coronary artery disease (Group B) showed higher levels of thrombin generation (Group A, Gensini score<32: 382±248 mOD vs Group B, Gensini score> 31: 578±238, P<0.05). LVEF of group A is significantly higher than that of group B (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that patients with UAP and AMI have an evidence of hypercoagulable states and that platelet-dependent thrombin generation may play an important role in pathophysiology of UAP or AMI, and may be a prognostic factor in CAD

3D-BBS: Global Localization for 3D Point Cloud Scan Matching Using Branch-and-Bound Algorithm

This paper presents an accurate and fast 3D global localization method, 3D-BBS, that extends the existing branch-and-bound (BnB)-based 2D scan matching (BBS) algorithm. To reduce memory consumption, we utilize a sparse hash table for storing hierarchical 3D voxel maps. To improve the processing cost of BBS in 3D space, we propose an efficient roto-translational space branching. Furthermore, we devise a batched BnB algorithm to fully leverage GPU parallel processing. Through experiments in simulated and real environments, we demonstrated that the 3D-BBS enabled accurate global localization with only a 3D LiDAR scan roughly aligned in the gravity direction and a 3D pre-built map. This method required only 878 msec on average to perform global localization and outperformed state-of-the-art global registration methods in terms of accuracy and processing speed.Comment: IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA2024

Anomalous sign inversion of spin-orbit torque in ferromagnetic/nonmagnetic bilayer systems due to self-induced spin-orbit torque

Self-induced spin-orbit torques (SI-SOTs) in ferromagnetic (FM) layers have been overlooked when estimating the spin Hall angle (SHA) of adjacent nonmagnetic (NM) layers. In this work, we observe anomalous sign inversion of the total SOT in the spin-torque ferromagnetic resonance due to the enhanced SI-SOT, and successfully rationalize the sign inversion through a theoretical calculation considering the SHE in both the NM and FM layers. The findings show that using an FM layer whose SHA sign is the same as that of the NM achieves efficient SOT-magnetization switching with the assistance of the SI-SOT. The contribution of the SI-SOT becomes salient for a weakly conductive NM layer, and conventional analyses that do not consider the SI-SOT can overestimate the SHA of the NM layer by a factor of more than 150.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figure