About Croatian Followers of Vuk Karadžić

100. obljetnice stvarne Karadžićeve pobjede u Srbiji za bilježena je i u Hrvatskoj. Tako je i prof. Antun Barac napisao članak O hrvatskim vukovcima u kojem jasno pobija tezu da su Hrvati Srbima uzeli jezik i unatoč bliskosti hrvatskoga i srpskoga književnoga jezika prof. Barac slobodno govori o hrvatskome književnome jeziku, što pokazuje relativnu jezičnu slobodu u ono komunističko dikatatorsko vrijeme.The 100th anniversary of Karadžić’s actual victory in Serbia was also marked in Croatia. On that occasion, Professor Antun Barac wrote the article “About Croatian Followers of Vuk Karadžić” in which he clearly refutes the thesis that the Croats have taken their language from the Serbs. In spite of the closeness of the Croatian and Serbian standard languages, Professor Barac, nevertheless, freely speaks about the standard Croatian language, which suggests that there was relative language freedom at that time of communist dictatorship

Comparison of Finned Tube and Plate-Finned Heat Exchangers in Waste Heat Recovery

The use of waste heat recovery devices on mobile units (trucks and ships) is usually limited by the available space and the application of compact heat exchangers is recom¬mended for such purposes. The performance of the heat exchanger is defined by the optimized Rankine cycle (to achieve maximum power) and it depends on the mass flow and temperature of the flue gases and selection of the working fluid in Rankine cycle. An example of selection of the preheater performance (in case of water as the working fluid) is considered here, wherein the several surface types of finned tube and plate-finned heat exchangers are used, for which there are measured data of the heat transfer coefficient and friction factor. Heat exchangers are sized according to the criteria of maximum allowed velocity of the flue gases and shapes of the heat exchanger frontal area. The sized heat exchangers were compared with respect to the heat transfer coefficient, the area of the heat exchanger surface on the finned side, the volume of the heat exchanger and the pressure drop on both sides. From the comparison of the best plate-finned and the best finned tube heat exchangers it is concluded that in the recommended range of flue gases velocity (from 4 m/s to 6 m/s) the pressure drop at the gas side are similar (in the plate-finned heat exchanger it is in the range from 53.5 to 112 Pa and in the finned tube exchanger from 53.8 to 142.8 Pa), while the plate-finned exchanger has more than 50% smaller heat transfer area, compared to the finned tube one

Application of Gas Condensing Boilers in Domestic Heating

A growing number of households have had condensing boilers built in to be used for the heating of spaces and for the hot water supply. The use of condensing boilers is justified from the point of view of energy because they achieve higher thermal efficiency than traditional boilers. Condensation of water vapour occurs in the flue gases, whereby the heat released by condensation is used to heat the water in the boiler. How much water vapour will condense depends on the temperature to which the flue gases are cooled. In this paper, a thermodynamic analysis of thirteen built-in gas condensing boilers was performed; data on the flue gas composition and temperature, as well as on the excess air required for combustion were obtained for that purpose. The calculation results consisting of the amount of condensed water, the thermal efficiency of the boiler, and the volume flow rates of the air and fuel are presented in tables. The analysis identified the cases in which the water vapour condensation occurred and determined the amount of the condensed water. The cases without water vapour condensation were also identified

THE EARLY PREGNANCY DIAGNOSTICS IN MARES USING TRANSRECTAL ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION

Ultrazvučnim aparatom (ALOHA ECHO CAMERA SSD-210, DX II) i transrektalnom sondom (transducer) od 5 MHz pregledano je 46 kobila pripuštenih od 16 do 58 dana prije pretrage. Za 16 životinja napravili smo ehograme na specijalnom papiru elektronskim tiskačem (MITSUBISHI VIDEO COPY AP 8600). Dijagnoza gravidnosti bila je točna u 100% kobila. Najranije smo dijagnosticirali gravidnost 16. dana nakon pripusta kada smo na ekranu uočili plodni mjehur s plodovom vodom, a 24. i 25. dana osim plodove vode i mjehura vidjeli smo i embrio. U kasnijim fazama ždrebnosti orijentirali smo se prema veličini i položaju ploda i plodova mjehura.Forty-six mares mated from 16 to 58 days prior to examination, were scanned using a linear-array ultrasound scanner (ALOHA ECHO CAMERA SSD-210, DX ll) with a 5 MHz transrectal transducer. For 16 animals images were made on thermopaper using an electronic printer (MITSUBISHI VIDEO COPY AP-8600). The pregnancy diagnosis was accurate in 100% of cases. The pregnancy was detected at the earliest period on the 16th day, when the embryonic vesicle with embryonic fluid was seen on the screen. From the 24th and 25th day, besides embryonic vesicle with fluid, we observed an embryo within the vesicle. In later pregnancy stages our estimation was based upon the foetal growth rate and positon of the foetus and the foetal membranes

Dual-Approach Calibration Unlocks Potential of Low-Power, Low-Cost Temperature and Humidity Sensors

Calibration of low-cost humidity sensors such as the HTS221TR is critical for accurate measurements, especially in smart devices. This study compares two calibration methods: machine learning (PyTorchNeural Network regression model) and optimization algorithm with Engineering Equation Solver. The critical role of temperature in humidity measurement emphasizes that it must be included for a valid calibration. The machine learning approach significantly reduced the average deviation of humidity, reaching ±2,5% compared to the original ±13,4%. Additionally, it aligned mean values along the identity line. However, the performance of the model varied across the different humidity ranges. Applying the model to real-world scenarios showed that the model underestimates humidity, likely due to the sensor's inherent tendency to overestimate humidity, especially at higher temperatures. Despite these challenges, both calibration methods offer simple and effective approaches for correcting low-cost sensor measurements, with machine learning enabling faster processing. This study not only improves the accuracy of the HTS221TR sensor, but also paves the way for more accurate and affordable humidity measurement technologies in general