Complications and treatment errors related to regenerative periodontal surgery.

Regenerative periodontal surgical procedures are an important component in the treatment of advanced periodontitis. They aim to improve the long-term prognosis of teeth that are periodontally compromised by the presence of intrabony and/or furcation defects, resulting biologically in formation of root cementum, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone and evidenced clinically by reduction of deep pockets to maintainable probing depths and/or improvements of vertical and horizontal furcation depth. Over the last 25 years, substantial clinical evidence has been accumulated to support the value of regenerative procedures in periodontally compromised dentitions. However, treatment success requires close attention to certain factors on the level of the patient, the tooth/defect, and the operator. Ignoring these factors in case selection, treatment planning, and treatment execution will increase the risk of complications that may jeopardize clinical success and may even be considered as treatment errors. Based on the currently available evidence from clinical practice guidelines, treatment algorithms, and on expert opinion, the present article provides an overview on the main factors, which influence the outcomes of regenerative periodontal surgery and gives recommendations on how to prevent complications and treatment errors

Complications and treatment errors involving periodontal tissues related to orthodontic therapy.

In this review, typical clinical complications involving periodontal tissues are illustrated that can be encountered in conjunction with orthodontic therapy (OT). Special considerations are given for various clinical scenarios, such as the patient presenting in periodontal health, with periodontitis, or with mucogingival conditions. While some of the complications are seen as common side effects of OT, other, more severe, problems that could have been avoided may be viewed as treatment errors. Recommendations are made on how to prevent these complications, based on the currently available evidence, on clinical practice guidelines, and on expert opinion. In conclusion, while there are several areas in which OT can have unwanted adverse effects on periodontal/mucogingival conditions, there is also great potential for synergies, offering opportunities for close cooperation between the two specialties (periodontics and orthodontics) for the benefit of patients affected by tooth malpositioning and/or periodontal or mucogingival problems

Myelodysplastic syndromes: Aspects of current medical care and economic considerations in Germany

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a heterogeneous group of diseases mainly affecting older people. The use of an increasing number of therapeutic options depends on a systematic risk stratification of the patients. A high percentage of MDS patients need blood transfusions as supportive care, which influence quality of life and cause a great part of the costs generated by MDS therapy. In this article which is based on a workshop about the burden of MDS held in October 2006 in Munich, MDS is discussed with regard to different aspects: current therapies, transfusion medicine, geriatrics, quality of life, and health economic aspects

Life cycle assessment (LCA) of two pneumatic urban waste collection systems compared to traditional truck collection in an airport

Due to the increasing need for a more sustainable environment, the study of waste management strategies is increasing worldwide. Pneumatic urban waste collection is an alternative to the conventional truck collection, especially in urban areas, where there is a need of reducing traffic and its pollution. LCA is a methodology that can help in the evaluation of the environmental impact of any process or product; therefore, this study, based on the methodologies ISO 14040 and from the cradle to the grave, compares different waste collection systems in an airport. The results show that the pneumatic collection system with the innovative AutoWaste compact central unit can reduce the annual flow of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere (kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent for 30 years and per ton) up to 25% compared to a pneumatic collection system with a conventional central.This work received the financial support of the Doctorat Industrial grant (2020 DI 5) from the AGAUR of the Secretaria de Universitats i Recerca del Departament d’Empresa i Coneixement of the Generalitat de Catalunya. This work is partially supported by ICREA under the ICREA Academia programme. The authors would like to thank the Catalan Government for the quality accreditation given to their research group (2017 SGR 1537). GREiA is certified agent TECNIO in the category of technology developers from the Government of Catalonia. The authors would like to thank the following companies for providing the real data used in this study: Urban Refuse Development, S.A

Evaluation der Forschungspreis-Programme der Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung. Endbericht.

Die Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung (AvH) verleiht seit 1972 Humboldt-Forschungspreise. Mit dem Preis werden hochrenommierte Wissenschaftler/innen aus dem Ausland für ihr wissenschaftliches Gesamtschaffen ausgezeichnet. Zusätzlich vergibt die AvH seit 2001 Wilhelm Friedrich Bessel-Forschungspreise an jüngere Wissenschaftler/innen, die ihre Promotion vor nicht mehr als 18 Jahren abgeschlossen haben und die in ihren wissenschaftlichen Spezialgebieten bereits als „kommende Stars“ wahrgenommen werden. Die Nominierung der Kandidat/inn/en für die Forschungspreise erfolgt durch Wissenschaftler/innen in Deutschland. Mit der Preisverleihung werden die Preisträger/innen zusätzlich zu einem Aufenthalt nach Deutschland von bis zu einem Jahr einladen, um in Kooperation mit Fachkolleg/inn/en in Deutschland ein selbst gewähltes Forschungsvorhaben durchzuführen. Zweck der Evaluation war es zu überprüfen, inwieweit es der Humboldt-Stiftung gelungen ist, mit der Durchführung die angestrebten Ziele der Forschungspreis-Programme zu erreichen: • Erstens soll mit den Programmen die deutsche Forschungslandschaft gestärkt werden, indem Kooperationen zwischen exzellenten ausländischen und deutschen Wissenschaftler/innen gefördert werden. • Zweitens soll durch den Aufbau und die Vertiefung der persönlichen Netzwerke der Preisträger/innen mit Wissenschaftler/innen in Deutschland (und im Humboldt-Netzwerk) eine nachhaltige persönliche Bindung der wissenschaftlichen Eliten im Ausland an Deutschland erreicht werden. • Schließlich sollen drittens die Preisprogramme dazu beitragen, ein modernes und differenziertes Deutschlandbild zu vermitteln und zu verbreiten

Thyroid function and deiodinase activities in rats with marginal iodine deficiency

The hypothesis tested was whether marginal iodine deficiency for a period of 6 wk affects iodothyronine deiodinase activities in liver and brain of rats. Male rats were fed purified diets either deficient or sufficient in iodine; the diets were fed on a restricted basis (60% of ad libitum intake). Body weight gain of the two groups was comparable. Iodine deficiency was evidenced by increased thyroid weight (26%), reduced urinary iodine excretion (80%), and reduced plasma T4 concentrations (22%). Activities of liver type I and brain type III deiodinase were unchanged, but the activity of type II deiodinase in brain was increased (28%) in the iodine-deficient rats. Food restriction per se significantly lowered T3 (30%) and T4 (22%) concentrations in plasma and decreased type III deiodinase activity in brain (30%). These results indicate that in marginal iodine deficiency the activities of hepatic type I deiodinase and brain type III deiodinase are unchanged, whereas that of brain type II deiodinase is increased

Impact of geometry on chemical analysis exemplified for photoelectron spectroscopy of black silicon

For a smooth surface, the chemical composition can be readily evaluated by a variety of spectroscopy techniques; a prominent example is X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), where the relative proportions of the elements are mainly determined by the intensity ratio of the element-specific photoelectrons. This deduction, however, is more intricate for a nanorough surface, such as black silicon, since the steep slopes of the geometry mimic local variations of the local emission angle. Here, we explicitly quantify this effect via an integral geometric analysis, by using so-called Minkowski tensors. Thus, we match the chemical information from XPS with topographical information from atomic force microscopy (AFM). Our method provides reliable estimates of layer thicknesses for nanorough surfaces. For our black silicon samples, we found that the oxide layer thickness is on average comparable to that of a native oxide layer. Our study highlights the impact of complex geometries at the nanoscale on the analysis of chemical properties with implications for a broad class of spectroscopy techniques