Taksonomski sastav, dubinska rasprostranjenost i fitogeografske značajke morske bentoske makroflore u Riječkom zaljevu (sjeverni Jadran, Hrvatska)

Here we give a review of the taxonomic composition, depth distribution, and phytogeographic characteristics of benthic marine macroflora from Rijeka Bay. It is based on our research from 1950 to 2000, and on both a nomenclatural and a taxonomic critical revision of previous records from that region. The list contains 380 taxa belonging to the Rhodophyta (231), the Ochrophyta (74), the Chlorophyta (71) and the Magnoliophyta (4), 338of which are at the species level while 42 are infraspecific (4 subspecies, 31 varieties, 7 forms, 1 stage). The established ratio between the number of Rhodophyta and Phaeophyceae (R/P Index; FELDMANN, 1937) was 3.1, and the relation between the number of Rhodophyta + Chlorophyta and Phaeophyceae (R+C/P Index; CHENEY, 1977) was 4.1. Both the above values show the subtropical character of benthic macroalgal flora in the surveyed area. With regard to its origin, the Rijeka Bay benthic flora is not homogenous. It comprises floral elements from several phytogeographic regions. Predominant by number and percentage are Atlantic (86 taxa – 23%), subcosmopolitan (75 taxa – 20%), Mediterranean (70 taxa – 19%), and Indo-Atlantic (53 taxa – 14%) floral elements. Other phytogeographic regions contribute only 96 taxa to Rijeka marine algal flora – 25% of total the 380 taxa recorded. Only 3 species (1%) are included in the category of Adriatic endemic (Polysiphonia adriatica, Feldmannia irregularis var. Lebeliides and Fucus virsoides). The analysis of benthic flora in relation to littoral bionomical zones reveals that the highest number of algal taxa is recorded in the upper infralittoral zone (325), and the lowest (the supralittoral excepted) in the eulittoral zone (109). With regard to depth distribution, marine benthic flora of Rijeka Bay consists of a very small number of algal taxa which live only deeper than 6 m (36 taxa – 9.4%), in comparison with the relatively high number of algal taxa which live only as far as 6 m deep (153 taxa – 40.3%), and those living both above and below the depth of 6 m (191 taxa – 50.1%).U radu se iznosi popis bentoskih morskih makroalga i morskih cvjetnica Riječkog zaljeva koji se temelji na istraživanjima izvedenim od 1950. do 2000. godine, te starijim i novijim bibliografskim podacima. Popis sadrži ukupno 376 svojte bentoskih alga (231 svojti ili 60,8% Rhodophyta, 74 svojte ili 19,5% Ochrophyta, 71 svojta ili 18,7% Chlorophyta) i 4 vrste morskih cvjetnica (Magnoliophyta). Prema vrijednostima kvocijenata R/P (FELDMANN, 1937) i R+C/P (CHENEY, 1977) bentoska flora Riječkog zaljeva ima suptropski karakter. U fitogeografskom sastavu brojem i postotkom prevladavaju atlantski (86 svojti ili 22,5%), subkozmopolitski (75 svojte ili 19,8%), mediteranski (70 svojte ili 18,5%) i indo-atlantski (53 svojte ili 14%) florni elementi. Od endemskih jadranskih vrsta zabilježene su samo tri (Polysiphonia adriatica, Feldmannia irregularis var. Lebeliides i Fucus virsoides). Najveći je broj svojti zabilježen u gornjem infralitoralu (325), dosta manje u srednjem (213) i donjem infralitoralu (190), a najmanje (izuzevši supralitoral gdje je određena samo jedna vrsta) u eulitoralu (109). Razmjerno mali broj svojti bentoske flore (36 ili 9,4% od ukupnog broja) živi na većim dubinama od 6 m, u odnosu na razmjerno velikog broja svojti koje žive samo do 6 m dubine (153 ili 40,3%), odnosno svojti koje su zastupljene u obje kategorije (191 ili 50,1%)

Analiza ishrane zelene želve, Chelonia mydas, iz Jadranskog mora

The green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) is a foraging specialist, with strong tendency towards herbivory of neritic-stage individuals. Due to lack of data on the feeding ecology of this species in the Mediterranean, we analysed diet composition of one juvenile green turtle with the curved carapace length of 40.0 cm, found dead in the eastern Adriatic Sea (Croatia) in December 2001. The turtle has dominantly feed upon benthic polychaetes Chaetopterus variopedatus (69.8%), while seagrass (Cymodocea nodosa) and algae accounted for 11.1% of the total wet mass. Species composition and their vertical distribution showed that the turtle was in the post-pelagic stage and has foraged in the shallow coastal waters. We discuss our results in the light of recent recoveries of C. mydas juveniles in Albania and Greece, and suggest the existence of an Ionian-Adriatic developmental pathway of green turtles from reproductive habitats in the eastern Mediterranean Sea.Zelena želva (Chelonia mydas) je specijalist u ishrani, sa snažnom tendencijom neritičkih stadija prema herbivornosti. Zbog potpunog nedostatka podataka o ekologije ishrane ove vrste u Sredozemlju, proveli smo analizu sadržaja probavila jedne zelene želve zakrivljene dužine karapaksa 40 cm, na|ene uginule u istočnom Jadranu (Hrvatska) u prosincu 2001. Dominantan plijen predstavljao je pridneni mnogočetinaš Chaetopterus variopedatus (69.8%), dok su morske cvjetnice (Cymodocea nodosa) i alge sačinjavale 11.1% ukupne mokre mase sadržaja probavila. Sastav vrsta i njihova vertikalna raspodjela pokazali su da je kornjača bila u post-pelagičkoj razvojnoj fazi, hraneći se u plitkim obalnim vodama. Rezultati su raspravljeni u svjetlu novih nalaza juvenilnih primjeraka C. mydas u Albaniji i Grčkoj, što ukazuje na postojanje jonsko-jadranskog razvojnog puta zelenih želvi iz reproduktivnih staništa u istočnom Sredozemlju

Dinamika slanog morskog jezera (Veliko jezero, Mljet, Jadran) zabilježena pri mjerenjima temperature mora

This paper describes hydrographic and dynamic conditions in the Mljet lakes, through the analysis of high-frequency temperature measurements carried out at an intermediate layer of Big Lake (BL) and Soline Channel during two years (December 2005-October 2007). It appears that the lakes may be colder than the open sea during wintertime by as much as 2-3°C and warmer at the surface during summer by as much as 4°C. Several interesting processes were captured within the series of which we investigated the wintertime cooling that occurred in 2006, diurnal and semidiurnal temperature changes driven by the tides within the connecting channel and the occurrence of turbulence in BL close to the connecting channel. The latter seems to have large implications for the thermocline/pycnocline deepening during the summertime, as incoming open ocean waters are much denser than the BL waters.Rad opisuje termohalina i dinamička svojstva mljetskih jezera, temeljem analize visokofrekventnih mjerenja temperature obavljanih u intermedijarnom sloju Velikog jezera i kanalu Soline tijekom dvije godine (prosinac 2005. – listopad 2007.). Mjerenja ukazuju da je temperatura jezera niža od temperature otvorenog mora za oko 2-3 o C tijekom zimskih mjeseci, dok je tijekom ljeta viša oko 4oC u površinskom sloju. Nekoliko zanimljivih oceanografskih procesa je zabilježeno na mjerenjima, od kojih je istraženo hlađenje jezera tijekom zime 2006. godine, dnevne i poludnevne promjene temperature pobuđene plimotvornom silom, te pojava turbulencije u području Velikog jezera bližem kanalu Soline. Mjerenja su ukazala na činjenicu da turbulencija uzrokuje izrazito vertikalno miješanje i poniranje termokline i piknokline za vrijeme ljetnih mjeseci u površinskom i intermedijarnom sloju Velikog jezera, jer vode otvorenog mora posjeduju višu gustoću od voda jezera

Prvi nalaz vrste Oculina patagonica (Cnidaria, Scleractinia) u Jadranskom moru

Scleractinian coral Oculina patagonica De Angelis 1908, non-indigenous species for the Adriatic Sea, was for the first time recorded during biological baseline survey in the harbour of Split (eastern coast of the Central Adriatic Sea), in May 2011. Colony was found in fouling community at depth of 3 m on concrete vertical wall. The surface of single colony was approximately 200 cm2. This record could be the base for future monitoring of possible spreading of this species, and to observe its behaviour in competition with the algal community and sedentary benthic invertebrates that were dominant on the surfaces of harbour walls.Kameni koralj Oculina patagonica De Angelis 1908, strana vrsta u Jadranskom moru, prvi je put zabilježen za vrijeme biološkog istraživanja nultog stanja u luci Split (istočna obala srednjeg Jadrana) u svibnju 2011. godine. Kolonija je pronađena u obraštajnoj zajednici na dubini od 3 m na vertikalnom zidu. Površina ove kolonije je bila oko 200 cm2. Ovaj nalaz može biti osnova za buduće praćenje mogućeg širenja vrste, te za promatranje njenog ponašanja u kompeticiji sa zajednicom algi i sedentarnih bentoskih beskralješnjaka koji su bili prevladavajući na površinama zidova luke

Prvi nalaz dinoflagelata Ceratoperidinium yeye u istočnom dijelu Jadrana

Ceratoperidinium is a very rare dinoflagellate genus reported from both the western and the eastern Mediterranean Sea. While Ceratoperidinium yeye had been collected from the Bay of Palma de Mallorca, C. cf. yeye from the Alborán Sea, C. yeye and C. mediterraneum from Lebanese coastal waters, and Ceratoperidinium sp. from the Bay of Palma de Mallorca, this paper reports on the first occurrence of the dinoflagellate C. yeye in the Adriatic Sea. There are very scarce data about this species in literature.Dinoflagelat Ceratoperidinium veoma se rijetko javlja. Zabilježen je u Sredozemnom moru i to Ceratoperidinium yeye u zaljevu Palma de Mallorca, C. cf. yeye u Alboránskom moru, C. yeye i C. mediterraneum u Libanonskim obalnim vodama i Ceratoperidinium sp. u zaljevu Palma de Mallorca. U radu su iznesene lokacije i opisani ekološki uvjeti pri kojima su zabilježeni prvi nalazi vrste C. yeye u istočnom dijelu Jadrana

Prvi nalaz dinoflagelata Ceratoperidinium yeye u istočnom dijelu Jadrana

Ceratoperidinium is a very rare dinoflagellate genus reported from both the western and the eastern Mediterranean Sea. While Ceratoperidinium yeye had been collected from the Bay of Palma de Mallorca, C. cf. yeye from the Alborán Sea, C. yeye and C. mediterraneum from Lebanese coastal waters, and Ceratoperidinium sp. from the Bay of Palma de Mallorca, this paper reports on the first occurrence of the dinoflagellate C. yeye in the Adriatic Sea. There are very scarce data about this species in literature.Dinoflagelat Ceratoperidinium veoma se rijetko javlja. Zabilježen je u Sredozemnom moru i to Ceratoperidinium yeye u zaljevu Palma de Mallorca, C. cf. yeye u Alboránskom moru, C. yeye i C. mediterraneum u Libanonskim obalnim vodama i Ceratoperidinium sp. u zaljevu Palma de Mallorca. U radu su iznesene lokacije i opisani ekološki uvjeti pri kojima su zabilježeni prvi nalazi vrste C. yeye u istočnom dijelu Jadrana

Popis morskih bentoskih makroalgi uz istočnu obalu Jadrana: IV. Rhodophyta 2: bez Ceramiales

After the first part of the checklist of red algae (Rhodophyta: Ceramiales) the second part from the eastern Adriatic coast is presented, based on records published from 1948 to 2009. For geographic analysis the coast is divided into three parts: northern, central, and southern. A total of 219 macroalgal taxa at specific and infraspecific level are recognized. Most of them were recorded in the Middle (196), slightly less number in the North (165) and the lowest (109) in the southern part of the Adriatic Sea.U ovom radu iznosimo popis svojti morskih bentoskih makroalgi iz drugog dijela sistematskog odjeljka crvenih alga (Rhodophyta; red Ceramiales u prvom dijelu) koji se temelji na podacima objavljenim između 1948. i 2009. godine. Zemljopisno smo istočnu obalu Jadranskog mora podijelili na tri dijela: sjeverni, srednji i južni. Ukupno je navedeno 219 vrsta i nižih taksonomskih kategorija crvenih algi. Najviše ih je zabilježeno u srednjem (196) manje u sjevernom (165), a najmanje (109) u južnom dijelu Jadranu

Taksonomski sastav, dubinska rasprostranjenost i fitogeografske značajke morske bentoske makroflore u Riječkom zaljevu (sjeverni Jadran, Hrvatska)

Here we give a review of the taxonomic composition, depth distribution, and phytogeographic characteristics of benthic marine macroflora from Rijeka Bay. It is based on our research from 1950 to 2000, and on both a nomenclatural and a taxonomic critical revision of previous records from that region. The list contains 380 taxa belonging to the Rhodophyta (231), the Ochrophyta (74), the Chlorophyta (71) and the Magnoliophyta (4), 338of which are at the species level while 42 are infraspecific (4 subspecies, 31 varieties, 7 forms, 1 stage). The established ratio between the number of Rhodophyta and Phaeophyceae (R/P Index; FELDMANN, 1937) was 3.1, and the relation between the number of Rhodophyta + Chlorophyta and Phaeophyceae (R+C/P Index; CHENEY, 1977) was 4.1. Both the above values show the subtropical character of benthic macroalgal flora in the surveyed area. With regard to its origin, the Rijeka Bay benthic flora is not homogenous. It comprises floral elements from several phytogeographic regions. Predominant by number and percentage are Atlantic (86 taxa – 23%), subcosmopolitan (75 taxa – 20%), Mediterranean (70 taxa – 19%), and Indo-Atlantic (53 taxa – 14%) floral elements. Other phytogeographic regions contribute only 96 taxa to Rijeka marine algal flora – 25% of total the 380 taxa recorded. Only 3 species (1%) are included in the category of Adriatic endemic (Polysiphonia adriatica, Feldmannia irregularis var. Lebeliides and Fucus virsoides). The analysis of benthic flora in relation to littoral bionomical zones reveals that the highest number of algal taxa is recorded in the upper infralittoral zone (325), and the lowest (the supralittoral excepted) in the eulittoral zone (109). With regard to depth distribution, marine benthic flora of Rijeka Bay consists of a very small number of algal taxa which live only deeper than 6 m (36 taxa – 9.4%), in comparison with the relatively high number of algal taxa which live only as far as 6 m deep (153 taxa – 40.3%), and those living both above and below the depth of 6 m (191 taxa – 50.1%).U radu se iznosi popis bentoskih morskih makroalga i morskih cvjetnica Riječkog zaljeva koji se temelji na istraživanjima izvedenim od 1950. do 2000. godine, te starijim i novijim bibliografskim podacima. Popis sadrži ukupno 376 svojte bentoskih alga (231 svojti ili 60,8% Rhodophyta, 74 svojte ili 19,5% Ochrophyta, 71 svojta ili 18,7% Chlorophyta) i 4 vrste morskih cvjetnica (Magnoliophyta). Prema vrijednostima kvocijenata R/P (FELDMANN, 1937) i R+C/P (CHENEY, 1977) bentoska flora Riječkog zaljeva ima suptropski karakter. U fitogeografskom sastavu brojem i postotkom prevladavaju atlantski (86 svojti ili 22,5%), subkozmopolitski (75 svojte ili 19,8%), mediteranski (70 svojte ili 18,5%) i indo-atlantski (53 svojte ili 14%) florni elementi. Od endemskih jadranskih vrsta zabilježene su samo tri (Polysiphonia adriatica, Feldmannia irregularis var. Lebeliides i Fucus virsoides). Najveći je broj svojti zabilježen u gornjem infralitoralu (325), dosta manje u srednjem (213) i donjem infralitoralu (190), a najmanje (izuzevši supralitoral gdje je određena samo jedna vrsta) u eulitoralu (109). Razmjerno mali broj svojti bentoske flore (36 ili 9,4% od ukupnog broja) živi na većim dubinama od 6 m, u odnosu na razmjerno velikog broja svojti koje žive samo do 6 m dubine (153 ili 40,3%), odnosno svojti koje su zastupljene u obje kategorije (191 ili 50,1%)

Pojava stranog invazivnog školjkaša Arcuatula senhousia u nakupinama stranog invazivnog mnogočetinaša Ficopomatus enigmaticus u delti rijeke Neretve na istočnoj obali Jadranskog mora

Non-indigenous invasive bivalve Arcuatula senhousia was recorded in the area of the eastern Adriatic Sea in Neretva River Delta, in 2010, among tubes of well established aggregations of non-indigenous species of sedentary polychaete Ficopomatus enigmaticus at depths from 0.5 to 1 m. It was very abundant, with the maximal abundance of 102 N/400 cm2, only in very thick fouling aggregations, but any traces of colonization of this species on soft sediments were not observed. Community that inhabits aggregations of invasive polychaete was described in the paper. Occurrence of Arcuatula senhousia in wider area of very important port for international maritime transport suggests that the ballast waters could be possible vector of introduction of this species. The analysis of the sediment revealed that the species was introduced recently. In contrary, Ficopomatus enigmaticus was introduced in the area earlier.Strana invazivna vrsta školjkaša Arcuatula senhousia je zabilježena 2010. godine na području istočnog Jadrana u delti rijeke Neretve, između cjevčica dobro razvijenih nakupina strane vrste sedentarnog mnogočetinaša Ficopomatus enigmaticus na dubinama od 0,5 do 1 m. Bila je vrlo brojna, s najvećom abundancijom od 102 N/400 cm2, samo u vrlo debelim nakupinama u obraštaju. Tragovi kolonizacije ove vrste na sedimentnom dnu nisu opaženi. U radu je opisana i zajednica koja naseljava nakupine ovog invazivnog mnogočetinaša. Pojava vrste A. senhousia na širem području vrlo važne luke za međunarodni pomorski promet ukazuje da balastne vode mogu biti vektor unosa ove vrste. Analiza sedimenta je pokazala da je vrsta nedavno unesena. Za razliku od nje, vrsta F. enigmaticus je, na ovo područje, unesena ranije

Molekularna identifikacija smeđe alge Cystoseira spp. (Phaeophycae, Fucales) iz Jadranskog mora – preliminarni rezultati

In the attempt to identify an appropriate molecular marker which will enable genetic distinction between different Cystoseira species from the Adriatic Sea, two mitochondrial molecular markers were tested: the mt 23S rDNA and the mt23S-tRNAVal spacer. Two species were studied: Cystoseira spinosa and Cystoseira squarrosa. Sequence analyses showed no variation in the mt 23S rDNA among all individuals analyzed. But the analysis of the mt23S-tRNAVal spacer showed a differentiation between three haplotypes named A, B and C. The most abundant haplotype A was found in equal number in both species, while haplotype B was found only in C. spinosa and haplotype C was found only in C. squarrosa. However, when comparing to sequences available for several selected Mediterranean Cystoseira species, the mt23S-tRNAVal spacer failed to discriminate between species. Although these results indicate a limited use of the mitochondrial mt23S-tRNAVal intergenic spacer for discrimination among Adriatic Cystoseira species, they could also be interpreted as a sign of conspecificity of the investigated species or the reflection of a recent radiation. Further analysis will be necessary to improve molecular identification of these brown algae.U cilju odabira odgovarajućeg molekularnog biljega koji bi omogućio genetičko razlikovanje među različitim vrstama roda Cystoseira u Jadranskom moru, analizirana su DVA molekularna biljega: mitohondrijska 23S rDNA i mitohondrijska razmaknica (mt23S-tRNAVal). U istraživanju su bile korištene dvije vrste Cystoseira spinosa i Cystoseira squarrosa. Sekvenciranje i usporedba tih fragmenata pokazali su da je regija mt23S rDNA viskoko konzervirana, jer u svih analiziranih jedinki te sekvence nisu pokazivale varijablinost. U strukturi mitohondrijske razmaknice (mt23StRNAVal) uočene su dvije mutacije i tri haplotipa; A, B i C. Dok je haplotip B nađen samo u vrste C. spinosa, a haplotip C u vrste C. squarrosa, najdominatniji haplotip A nađen je kod podjednakog broja jedinki obiju vrsta. U usporedbi s nekoliko odabranih vrsta roda Cystoseira, podrijetlom iz drugih dijelova Mediteranskog mora, taj molekularni biljeg mt23S-tRNAVal ipak nije pokazao vrsnu specifičnost. Iako ti preliminarni rezultati pokazuju ograničenu mogućnost mitohondrijske razmaknice (mt23S-tRNAVal) za razlikovanje među jadranskim vrstama roda Cystoseira, oni mogu ukazivati i na konspecifičnost istraživanih vrsta odnosno odražavati njihovu relativno nedavnu divergenciju. Daljnja istraživanja će biti potrebna kako bi se poboljšala molekularna identifikacija vrsta ovih smeđih alga