Inconsistent trauma reporting is associated with emotional and behavioural problems and psychotic experiences in young people

Background: Little is known about the prevalence of inconsistent trauma reporting in community samples and about its associations with psychopathology. This study aimed to assess for the first time the prevalence of inconsistent trauma reporting in a community sample of children/adolescents and to explore associations with both psychotic experiences and with psychopathology more generally.Method: A community-based sample of 86 children/adolescents (baseline mean age 11.5) were interviewed at two time points with data collected in relation to potentially traumatic events through the K-SADS. Emotional and behavioural problems were assessed at follow-up (mean age 15.7) through the Youth Self Report questionnaire while the presence of psychotic experiences was based on expert consensus post interview. Logistic regression models were used to test associations between inconsistent reporting and psychotic experiences at baseline and follow-up, with associations with emotional and behavioral problems at follow-up also assessed.Results: Overall, 16.3% of adolescents failed to report previously reported potentially traumatic events at follow-up and were therefore defined as inconsistent trauma reporters. Inconsistent reporting was associated with emotional and behavioural problems as assessed by the Youth Self Report with the exception of rule breaking behaviour and with psychotic experiences as assessed on interview.Conclusions: Inconsistent trauma reporting is associated with psychotic experiences and emotional and behavioural problems in young people and may represent an important marker for psychopathology in youth.</p

Systematic review of the impact of depression on subsequent smoking cessation during pregnancy

Objective: Smoking during pregnancy is the most significant modifiable risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes. Tobacco use has a long-standing relationship with depression, but has not been critically investigated in pregnancy. We systematically reviewed studies of the association between depression and subsequent smoking cessation during pregnancy. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in electronic databases including all dates up to April 2016 (PubMed, Cochrane, Psychinfo, CINAHL) for prospective studies of pregnant women, which measured depression at baseline (e.g., pre-pregnancy or during pregnancy) and smoking status at follow-up. Results: A total of 1,526 articles were retrieved after removing duplicates. Of the 1,526 articles, 193 were then selected to be reviewed and evaluated in full. After the final review, 20 articles were selected for this systematic review. These papers included two repeat datasets, leaving 18 datasets for review. Of these, 12 papers showed the significance of the effect of depression on smoking cessation during pregnancy and the remaining eight papers reported a null hypothesis. Conclusions: Depression is associated with poor smoking cessation rates in pregnancy. Future research is needed to focus on depression and smoking status as an outcome of interest in pregnancy with repeatable and objective measures used for data collection.</p