Human cortical areas involved in perception of surface glossiness

AbstractGlossiness is the visual appearance of an object's surface as defined by its surface reflectance properties. Despite its ecological importance, little is known about the neural substrates underlying its perception. In this study, we performed the first human neuroimaging experiments that directly investigated where the processing of glossiness resides in the visual cortex. First, we investigated the cortical regions that were more activated by observing high glossiness compared with low glossiness, where the effects of simple luminance and luminance contrast were dissociated by controlling the illumination conditions (Experiment 1). As cortical regions that may be related to the processing of glossiness, V2, V3, hV4, VO-1, VO-2, collateral sulcus (CoS), LO-1, and V3A/B were identified, which also showed significant correlation with the perceived level of glossiness. This result is consistent with the recent monkey studies that identified selective neural response to glossiness in the ventral visual pathway, except for V3A/B in the dorsal visual pathway, whose involvement in the processing of glossiness could be specific to the human visual system. Second, we investigated the cortical regions that were modulated by selective attention to glossiness (Experiment 2). The visual areas that showed higher activation to attention to glossiness than that to either form or orientation were identified as right hV4, right VO-2, and right V3A/B, which were commonly identified in Experiment 1. The results indicate that these commonly identified visual areas in the human visual cortex may play important roles in glossiness perception

NTT speaker diarization system for CHiME-7: multi-domain, multi-microphone End-to-end and vector clustering diarization

This paper details our speaker diarization system designed for multi-domain, multi-microphone casual conversations. The proposed diarization pipeline uses weighted prediction error (WPE)-based dereverberation as a front end, then applies end-to-end neural diarization with vector clustering (EEND-VC) to each channel separately. It integrates the diarization result obtained from each channel using diarization output voting error reduction plus overlap (DOVER-LAP). To harness the knowledge from the target domain and results integrated across all channels, we apply self-supervised adaptation for each session by retraining the EEND-VC with pseudo-labels derived from DOVER-LAP. The proposed system was incorporated into NTT's submission for the distant automatic speech recognition task in the CHiME-7 challenge. Our system achieved 65 % and 62 % relative improvements on development and eval sets compared to the organizer-provided VC-based baseline diarization system, securing third place in diarization performance.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures, Submitted to ICASSP 202

^<67>Ga, ^<111>In, ^<169>Ybの悪性腫瘍集績における酸性ムコ多糖の役割

金沢大学教授研究課題/領域番号:X00090----457280研究期間(年度):1979出典：「^Ga, ^In, ^Ybの悪性腫瘍集績における酸性ムコ多糖の役割」研究成果報告書　課題番号X00090----457280（KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所）） （https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/ja/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-X00090----457280/）を加工して作

Pb-203の放射性医薬品への応用研究

金沢大学医学部The radionuclide ^Pb decays completely by electron capture to stable ^Tl with a halfーlife of 52 hours. The present study was undertaken to investigate the application of ^Pb for radiopharmaceuticals (especially tumor imaging agent).^Pbーchloride solution was injected into the tumorーbearing rats, tumor-bearing mice and inflammatoryーinduced rats. These animals were killed at various time intervals from 3 hours to 48 hours. Tumor tissue and normal tissues were excised. The retention values of ^Pb in the tissues were calculated against the administered dose of ^Pb. The results obtained from the experiments about ^Pbーcholoride were compared with previously described results of ^Gaーcitrate and ^ Tlーchloride. In addition, bio-distribution of ^Pb in animal body was observed by whole body autoradiography and that of this nuclide in tumor tissue was observed by macro-auto-radiography. Subcellular distribution of ^Pb in tumor tissue was determined by the modified method of Hogeboom and Schneider.Retention values of ^Pb in tumor tissue was smaller than those for ^Ga, and much larger than those for ^Tl. But retention values of ^Pb in inflammatory tissue were smaller than those for ^Ga and ^Tl. The avid uptake of ^Pb in bone and the uptake of this nuclide in tumor and liver were observed by whole body autoradiography. Accumulation of this nuclide in viable tumor tissue was observed by macroautoradiography.From the results described above, it was deduced that ^Pbーchloride was a potential tumor imaging agent which hardly accumulated in inflammatory tissue.〔目的〕Pbー203は半減期52時間でEC崩壊し、安定なT1ー203となる。そのさい100崩壊あたり279keV、401keV、680keVのガンマ-線を各々80.8個、3.8個、0.8個の割合で放射する。本研究は塩化鉛(Pbー203)の放射性医薬品への応用、その中でも特に悪性腫瘍陽性描画剤としての可能性を検計するために行った。[方法]吉田肉腫皮下移植ラット、エ-ルリッヒ癌皮下移植マウス及びテレビン油による炎症惹起ラットに塩化鉛(Pbー203)溶液を注射し、経時的に腫瘍組織、炎症巣及び正常臓器組織を摘出し、投与量に対するPbー203の集積率を求めた。一方、腫瘍陽性描画剤として使用されているクエン酸ガリウム(Gaー67)及び塩化タリウム(Tlー201)についても同様に実験を行った。さらにこれら化合物を上記動物に投与して、全身オ-トラジオグラフィ及び腫瘍組織のマクロオ-トラジオグラフィを実施した。〔結果〕Pbー203の吉田肉腫及びエ-ルリッヒ癌への集積率はGaー67の集積率の1/2〜3/4であったが、Tlー201の集積率よりもはるかに大きかった。しかし、炎症巣への集積率ではGaー67は非常に大きく、Tlー201、Pbー203の順に少さかった。Pbー203の正常臓器組織への集積率は、肝臓、脾臓、肺などで非常に小さかったが、血液、腎臓、骨への集積率はGaー67のそれよりはるかに大きかった。全身オ-トラジオグラフィの結果、Pbー203は骨に非常に多く、ついて肝臓、腫瘍組織に多いこと判明しが、マクロオ-トラジオグラフィの結果、生きた腫瘍細胞の密集部にPbー203が多く、壊死部及び炎症部には少ないことが確認された。〔考察とまとめ〕塩化鉛(Pbー203)は悪性腫瘍組織に多く集積し、炎症巣への集積が非常に少く、クエン酸ガリウム(Gaー67)や塩化タリウム(Tlー201)には見られない長所を持つ悪性腫瘍陽性描画剤として有望である。研究課題/領域番号:01570585, 研究期間(年度):1989-1990出典：「Pb-203の放射性医薬品への応用研究」研究成果報告書　課題番号01570585(KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所）)　　　本文データは著者版報告書より作

^<67>Ga, ^<111>In の悪性腫瘍集積における酸性ムコ多糖の機能

金沢大学教授研究課題/領域番号:57570423, 研究期間(年度):1982 – 1983出典：研究課題「^Ga, ^In の悪性腫瘍集積における酸性ムコ多糖の機能」課題番号57570423（KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所）） （https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/ja/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-57570423/）を加工して作