Compact Low Weight High Gain Broadband Antenna by Polarization-Rotation Technique for X-Band Radar

Less efficiency and gain is achieved by existence of aperture blocking phenomena in cassegrain antenna caused by the presence of subreflector or antenna feed. Also, length of feed cables causes delay which is another undesirable problem in antennas, since errors and less precision of detecting targets are created. To overcome these problems, low weight and compact optimized polarization-rotation monopulse cassegrain antenna is designed in this paper. The goal of our proposed rotating antenna is achievement of sum and difference patterns for target tracking in monopulse radar. In our work, left part of hyperbolic subreflector instead of right one has been used for reducing size of the antenna. The antenna is fabricated by grid wires instead of solid sheet metal reflectors and with composite technology for decreasing its weight. Width and volume of the antenna reduce by about 50% in comparison to other reflector antennas. This antenna has been simulated and manufactured in X-band and simulation data are in good agreement with measured ones. The antenna has the average gain of 35 dB from 8.5 up to 9.5 GHz. Also the antenna feed bandwidth is more than 50% and the antenna has efficiency of about 50% from 8 up to 10 GHz

A Novel Experience in Treatment of Liver Hydatidosis in Pediatrics: A Clinical Trial Study

Background Hydatidosis is a conventional health public problem in most parts of the world. Safe treatment of patients with hydatidosis has been a topic of debate for a long time. Surgical treatment always was associated with high morbidity and mortality. Medical treatment is also controversial. In this study, alternative procedure named Percutaneous, Aspiration and hypertonic Saline Instillation (PAHSI) was applied to treat patients with hydatidosis. Materials and Methods In this single-blind clinical trial, thirty-eight patients, ranging in age between 6 months and 16 years, with 81 hepatic hydatid cysts underwent PAHSI treatment. The consecutive steps including sonographic guidance, aspiration of cyst content and injection of 15% saline hypertonic were carried out in this method. Patients with multiple cysts also were treated by this procedure. Results Participants were 18 boys (47.3%) and 20 girls (52.6%) with mean age of 8.08+ 3.92 years. Almost half of the patients had single cyst (52.63%). During 2- year follow- up, no recurrences were observed; therefore, re-hospitalization and possible complications reduced considerably. Furthermore, this method was applicable to cure multiple cysts. Conclusion In PAHSI strategy, it seems that the complications of surgery (laparotomy and anesthesia) decreased since no complications observed after procedure, and cosmetic results in future are much better due to avoidance of incision

A Wideband High-Gain Dual-Polarized Slot Array Patch Antenna for WiMAX Applications in 5.8 GHz

A low-cost, easy-to-fabricate, wideband and high-gain dual-polarized array antenna employing an innovative microstrip slot patch antenna element is designed and fabricated. The design parameters of the antenna are optimized using commercial softwares (Microwave Office and Zeland IE3D) to get the suitable -parameters and radiation patterns. Finally, the simulation results are compared to the experimental ones and a good agreement is demonstrated. The antenna has an approximately bandwidth of 14% (5.15–5.9 GHz) which covers Worldwide Interoperability Microwave Access (WiMAX)/5.8. It also has the peak gain of 26 dBi for both polarizations and high isolation between two ports over a wide bandwidth

Cavitary pulmonary lesions in systemic lupus erythematosus: an unusual manifestation

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease of unknown pathogenesis. The frequency of SLE with cavitary lesion manifestation is very rare and is thought to be due to infection or pulmonary embolism. A 19- year-old female diagnosed with SLE complicated by lupus nephritis and cavitary pulmonary lesion is presented in this case report. Other diseases that can lead to such lesions were ruled out in the patient. The patient improved briefly after the initiation of immunosuppressive therapy, but was unresponsive to supportive treatment due to pneumothorax. Pneumothorax is caused by cavitary lesions and possibly bronchopleural fistulas – these later caused respiratory distress and death. The patient did not show any improvement in the lesions after the initiation of immunosuppressive therapy. This case report suggests that the differential diagnosis of cavitary lung lesions should include SL

3 Dimensional Motion of Photon and Its Energy

Since the electron is the photon-generator and the electron is rotating around itself and around the nucleus, the emitted photon from the electron should have the effect of these rotating motions. So, the photon has a three-dimensional motion, including a transition movement and a rotary motion. And it traverses in a helical trajectory. By using this definition, we have proved wave-particle duality at the same time and introduce a new equation for the photon motion and its energy

THE STRUCTURE OF PHOTON BASED ON SALEH THEORY

Atoms are made up of electrons, protons and neutrons, the most important Subatomic particles. The electron is an elementary particle and the proton and neutron consist of two different kinds of elementary particles (up and down quarks). But we do not know the structure of the electron, proton, and neutron. Saleh Theory defines a structure for electron as a hollow sphere, for proton as continuous texture and the neutron as a proton core and Electron shell. And these entire particles are made of the photon. Here we have defined the structure for the photon that has about 14 billion years old. Of course, the photon with 14 billion years old should have the structure. Saleh Theory has defined the structure for the photon as some very small particles, named “Saleh particle”, rotating around the center’ named as “Cidtone”. With this definition, Saleh Theory is going to explain the photon with a different color

3 Dimensional Motion of Photon and Its Energy

Since the electron is the photon-generator and the electron is rotating around itself and around the nucleus, the emitted photon from the electron should have the effect of these rotating motions. So, the photon has a three-dimensional motion, including a transition movement and a rotary motion. And it traverses in a helical trajectory. By using this definition, we have proved wave-particle duality at the same time and introduce a new equation for the photon motion and its energy