From 9/11 to Da\u2019esh: What role for the High Representative in the external dimension of EU counter-terrorism policies?

Under certain conditions, such as security crises, an integrated external EU counter-terrorism policy can emerge without leading to the supra-nationalisation of policy-making. This paper analyses the role of the High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy with the objective of assessing the influence that such figure can have on the governance of EU counter-terrorism policies. It does so by assessing the EU\u2019s response to three security crises, namely: the 9/11 attacks and the subsequent bombings in Madrid (2004) and London (2005); the Arab Spring and the following destabilisation of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA); and the emergence and spread of Da\u2019esh

Beyond the intergovernmental \u2013 supranational divide in EU foreign policy: Insights from Kosovo

Because of the intergovernmental nature of EU foreign policy, the role of the European Commission in EU external action is often considered minimal or residual. Providing a systematic review of the case of Kosovo, this paper demonstrates that it is possible to identify different degrees of integration in EU foreign policy. It does so by investigating under which conditions Member States delegate foreign policy competences to the Commission. In the case of Kosovo, integration in EU foreign policy has been conditioned by the level of control Member States have chosen exercise on or delegate to supranational institutions

Navigating the Unknown: Barriers to Evidence-Based Defence and Security Policy in the EU

At a time when Europe faces numerous crises, there is a real need for rigorous evidence to underpin effective policymaking. However, a gap between academia and policy creates clear obstacles in the use of evidence in policymaking. Many of these enduring obstacles are manifest in the inherent differences between separate communities: academics have difficulty communicating research in an applicable manner, and policymakers, in turn, tend to focus on operational motivations. The gap widens considerably when foreign, security and defence policy within the complex institutional structures of the European Union is considered. In addition to these well known barriers to evidence-based policy, there are two more obstacles in the defence and security space: sovereignty and dispersed decision-making. A dialogue of best practices must be opened up to broker knowledge in the EU context

The roles of the President of the European Council and the High Representative in leading EU foreign policy on Kosovo

The post-Lisbon foreign and security policy has witnessed the growth in relevance of intergovernmental forums for policy coordination and joint decision-making including the European Council and the Foreign Affairs Council. Rather than acting as obstacles to policy integration under certain circumstances, such forums act as its main catalysts of integration, without greater empowerment of supranational actors. This article offers an in-depth study of the ramifications of the post-Lisbon institutional dynamics and of their effects on the governance of the European Union\ue2\u80\u99s Common Foreign and Security Policy. The roles of the President of the European Council and that of the High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy are central to this policy field as it is illustrated in relation to EU\ue2\u80\u99s policy approach to Kosovo

The High Representative and EU foreign policy integration. A comparative study of Kosovo and Ukraine

Adopting a broad conceptualization of foreign and security policy, the book examines the role of the High Representative as chair of the Foreign Affairs Council and in her/his capacity as Vice President of the European Commission to assess different patterns of integrated efforts in EU foreign and security policies. In this way, it presents a new perspective from which institutional practices in this specific area can be examined. This contribution is particularly valuable for scholars and students of EU foreign and security policy; of external relations of the EU; of international relations more in general; and of EU integration and politics. At the same time, the book contributes to the empirical understanding of two EU policies that have recently been at the centre of the debate among scholars, policy analysts and practitioners, namely the EU enlargement towards the Western Balkans and the EU Neighborhood Policy and Eastern Partnership

From Brussels, with love? A comparative institutional study of values and principles in the foreign policy of compound democracies

The European Union (EU) and the U.S. can be both conceived as compound democracies. Yet, while the U.S. is generally understood as a hegemonic power in international relations, able to promote its values and principles in a consistent manner, the EU is often criticized for its inconsistencies. In order to understand whether and to which extent the EU is able to promote through its external action the values and principles enshrined in the Lisbon Treaty, this chapter offers a comparative study of the EU and the U.S. foreign policy-making. What emerges is that the inconsistent application of EU values and principles generally derives from a dispersion of decision-making powers both horizontally and vertically