A Decade of Changing Pattern of Poverty in Great Britain

It has been noted in the literature that failure to meet the target set by government for reducing the headcount ratio of child poverty in Britain is partly due to the success of government policy in generating economic growth. Apart from missing the argument that absolute poverty is not a meaningful idea, this apology for the failure of government to meet poverty targets also misses wider problems embedded in recent trends in household income distribution. For example, inequality measures that are sensitive to the distribution of income amongst the poor suggest that the experience of those who have failed to benefit from government policy and remained poor has worsened. Also, households containing no children have been neglected.household income distribution, poverty reduction

Assessing Inflation Targeting Through Intervention Analysis

The aim of this paper is to deal with the empirical aspects of the ‘new’ monetary policy framework, known as Inflation Targeting. Applying Intervention Analysis to multivariate Structural Time Series models, new empirical evidence is produced in the case of a number of OECD countries,. These results demonstrate that although Inflation Targeting has gone hand-in hand with low inflation, the strategy was introduced well after inflation had begun its downward trend. But, then, Inflation Targeting ‘locks in’ low inflation rates. The evidence produced in this paper suggests that non-IT central banks have also been successful on this score.Inflation targeting, Intervention Analysis, Multivariate Structural Time Series

Changing Pattern of Poverty 1997-2004

It has been noted that failure to meet the target set by government for reducing the head count ratio of child poverty in Britain is partly due to the success of government policy in generating economic growth. Apart from missing the argument that absolute poverty is not a meaningful idea, this apology for the failure of government to meet poverty targets also misses wider problems embedded in recent trends in the household income distribution. For example, inequality measures sensitive to the distribution of income amongst the poor suggest that the experience of those remained poor may have worsened.Poverty, Child Poverty, Income Distribution, FGT, Great Britain.

The Impact of Privatisation on the Efficiency of Train Operation in Britain

Twenty-five train operating companies (TOCs) were created between 1994-1997, as part of the restructuring process of the railway industry in Great Britain. The TOCs operate monopoly franchises for the provision of passenger rail services over certain routes - some of which continue to receive government subsidies. This paper investigates how the efficiency of these train operating companies evolved prior to the October 2000 Hatfield crash (which caused significant disruption to the network) using data envelopment analysis and stochastic frontier analysis. Our data allows us to look at the relative efficiency and productivity through the privatisation, to control the efficiency scores for environmental data and to correlate these results with safety and quality indicators. The analysis sheds some light on the successes and failures of the UK’s most controversial privatisation to date.Railways, Comparative Efficiency, Data Envelopment Analysis, Stochastic Frontier Analyisis, Malmquist Productivity Index, Train Operating Companies, Privatisation

Returns to Scale for EU Regional Manufacturing

Recent theoretical advances have emphasised the importance of localised increasing returns to scale in understanding both the regional growth and agglomeration processes. However, considerable empirical controversy still exists over whether returns to scale are constant or increasing. Consequently, this study aims to provide some new estimates of the degree of returns to scale for EU regional manufacturing. It does so within the framework of the Verdoorn law. Unlike previous studies, issues of specification of fundamental importance to recent theoretical developments are brought to attention. Overall, the paper concludes that localised increasing returns in EU regional manufacturing are substantial.increasing returns, Verdoorn law, manufacturing, productivity growth, spatial econometrics

Assessing inflation targeting through intervention analysis

The aim of this paper is to deal with the empirical aspects of the 'new' monetary policy framework, known as Inflation Targeting. Applying Intervention Analysis to multivariate Structural Time Series models, which avoids certain biases encountered in the use of conventional regression estimators, new empirical evidence is produced in the case of a number of OECD countries. These results demonstrate that although Inflation Targeting has gone hand-in-hand with low inflation, the strategy was introduced well after inflation had begun its downward trend. But, then, Inflation Targeting 'locks in' low inflation rates. The evidence produced in this paper suggests that non-Inflation Targeting central banks have also been successful on this score. Copyright 2008 , Oxford University Press.

Inequality adjusted growth rates in Latin America

Doubts have been raised about the benefits to an economy with high rates of GDP growth without at the same time accounting for distributional effects. This difference arises from the emphasis by some on the mean income, while others are concerned with the distribution around the mean. This paper assesses the per capita income that would be needed, if income were equally distributed to reach the same level of welfare, which is available from current distribution of the per capita GDP. This approach allows for the combination of both growth and distribution in ranking the success of some Latin American countries in their attempt to raise the living standard of the population. Copyright 2010, Oxford University Press.