Comment instaurer un dialogue efficace entre chercheurs et décideurs sur l’adaptation au changement climatique au Mali

Cette note d’information résume les principales conclusions de l’étude, faite dans le cadre de la plateforme nationale de dialogue science-politique sur le changement climatique, l’agriculture et la sécurité alimentaire, ou plateforme C-CASA créée en 2012, sur l’importance de ce dialogue chercheurs-décideurs et des pistes d’amélioration possibles. Ces conclusions proviennent de l’interview de 17 institutions clés en matière d’adaptation au changement climatique, sélectionnées de façon collective parmi les membres du Comité National Changement Climatique du Mali

How can effective dialogue be established between researchers and policy makers on climate change adaptation in Mali

This briefing note summarizes the main findings of the study, conducted as part of the national platform of science-policy dialogue on climate change, agriculture and food security, or CASA C-platform created in 2012 on the importance of the researchers and decision makers dialogue and possible avenues for improvement. These findings come from the interview of 17 key institutions in adapting to climate change, collectively selected from among the members of the National Climate Change Committee of Mali

Assessing Anopheles vector species diversity and transmission of malaria in four health districts along the borders of Côte d’Ivoire

Although malaria and Anopheles mosquito vectors are highly prevalent in Côte d’Ivoire, limited data are available to help understand the malaria vector density and transmission dynamics in areas bordering the country. To address this gap, the Anopheles mosquito species diversity, the members of the Anopheles gambiae complex and the transmission of malaria were assessed in four health districts along the borders of Côte d’Ivoire. Methods From July 2016 through December 2016 and July 2017 through December 2017, adult Anopheles mosquitoes were collected in four health districts of Côte d’Ivoire (Aboisso, Bloléquin, Odienné and Ouangolodougou) using standardized window exit trap (WET) and pyrethrum knockdown spray collection (PSC) methods. The collected mosquitoes were identified morphologically at species level and the members of the An. gambiae complex were separated using short interspersed nuclear element-based polymerase chain reaction (SINE-PCR). Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.), Anopheles funestus s.l. and Anopheles nili specimens were analysed for malaria Plasmodium parasite detection using the cytochrome oxidase I gene (COX-I), and malaria prevalence among human population through local Ministry of Health (MoH) statistical yearbooks. Results A total of 281 female Anopheles were collected in Aboisso, 754 in Bloléquin, 1319 in Odienné and 2443 in Ouangolodougou. Seven Anopheles species were recorded including An. gambiae s.l. (94.8–99.1%) as the main vector, followed by An. funestus s.l. (0.4–4.3%) and An. nili (0–0.7%). Among An. gambiae s.l., Anopheles coluzzii represented the predominant species in Aboisso (89.2%) and Bloléquin (92.2%), while An. gambiae sensu stricto (s.s.) was the major species in Odienné (96.0%) and Ouangolodougou (94.2%). The Plasmodium sporozoite infection rate in An. gambiae s.l. was highest in Odienné (11.0%; n = 100) followed by Bloléquin (7.8%, n = 115), Aboisso (3.1%; n = 65) and Ouangologoudou (2.5%; n = 120). In An. funestus s.l., Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite infection rate was estimated at 6.2% (n = 32) in Bloléquin, 8.7% (n = 23) in Odienné. No An. funestus s.l. specimens were found infected with P. falciparum sporozoite infection in Ouangolodougou and Aboisso. No P. falciparum sporozoite was detected in An. nili specimens in the four health districts. Among the local human populations, malaria incidence was higher in Odienné (39.7%; n = 45,376) and Bloléquin (37.6%; n = 150,205) compared to that in Ouangolodougou (18.3%; n = 131,629) and Aboisso (19.7%; n = 364,585). Conclusion Anopheles vector species diversity, abundance and Plasmodium sporozoite infection were high within the health districts along the borders of the country of Côte d’Ivoire, resulting in high malaria transmission among the local populations. Anopheles gambiae s.l. and An. funestus s.l. were found to be highly infected with Plasmodium in the health districts of Bloléquin and Odienné where higher malaria incidence was observed than the other districts. This study provides important information that can be used to guide Côte d’Ivoire National Malaria Control Programme for vector control decision-making, mainly in districts that are at the country borders

Climate adaptation and agriculture: Solutions to successful national adaptation plans

The purpose of this brief is to share insights on agriculture and NAPs with national-level decision makers in developing countries and Least Developed Countries (LDCs), multilateral agencies, UNFCCC negotiators and donors. This brief explores how countries are overcoming the biggest challenges in developing NAPs, outlines examples of successful cross-sector adaptation planning, explores influence and leverage necessary for successful NAP processes, and offers specific recommendations

How to establish dialogue between researchers and policymakers for climate change adaptation in Mali: Analysis of challenges, constraints and opportunities

Le Mali est un pays sahélien à vocation agro-sylvo-pastorale dont l’économie repose essentiellement sur l’agriculture, un secteur toutefois tributaire de la variabilité et du changement climatique. En effet, le changement et la variabilité climatiques affectent l’agriculture, tout comme l’agriculture et la gestion des ressources naturelles affectent le système climatique. Au Mali, pays au climat semi-aride tropical, les changements climatiques constituent une menace sans précédent pour la sécurité alimentaire des populations, notamment celles dont les moyens de subsistance dépendent de l’agriculture à petite échelle. Afin de développer des solutions pratiques pour l’agriculture et la sécurité alimentaire, il faut désormais intégrer de manière innovante et compréhensible, les connaissances sur le changement climatique, l’agriculture et la sécurité alimentaire ; de sorte à inclure les questions climatiques dans les politiques et stratégies nationales pour des actions bénéfiques pour la résilience des populations rurales. Les échanges d’informations et de connaissances entre acteurs s’avèrent donc être primordiaux pour s’assurer que les décisions sur les politiques, stratégies et les actions de lutte contre le changement climatique soient fondées sur les meilleures données. Ce rapport d’étude réalisé dans le cadre des activités de la plateforme nationale de dialogue science-politique sur le changement climatique, l’agriculture et la sécurité alimentaire au Mali (C-CASA Mali), vient éclairer les différents acteurs sur l’état des lieux des institutions, les défis, contraintes et opportunités pour un dialogue opérationnel entre chercheurs et décideurs pour l’adaptation au changement climatique. Huit messages clés ont été tirés de l’étude et portent sur : (1) l’état des lieux du tissu institutionnel existant pour un dialogue fonctionnel ; (2) les difficultés d’organisation et de fonctionnement des institutions impliquées dans la lutte contre le changement climatique ; (3) le besoin de partenariat renforcé entre les institutions ; (4)la nécessité d’accompagnement par des financements adéquats ; (5) l’état des lieux du dialogue entre chercheurs et décideurs au Mali ; (6) les contraintes pour un dialogue opérationnel entre chercheurs et décideurs au Mali (7) les opportunités pour un dialogue opérationnel entre chercheurs et décideurs au Mali ; (8) le besoin d’espace de communication entre chercheurs et décideurs au Mali. La prise en compte et l’analyse de ces messages devrait déboucher sur des recommandations actionnables pour une amélioration du dialogue inter institutionnel et des prises de décision bien informées. Les décisions politiques qui pourraient en découler contribueront certainement à la promotion d’une agriculture intelligente face au climat pour l’amélioration de la résilience des exploitations agricoles au Mali. English version: http://hdl.handle.net/10568/5666

Comment instaurer un dialogue entre chercheurs et décideurs pour l’adaptation aux changements climatiques au Mali : Analyse des défis, contraintes et opportunités

Mali is an agro-forestry-pastoral Sahel country whose economy is based mainly on agriculture, a sector which nevertheless depends on climate variability and change. Indeed, climate change and variability affect agriculture, while agriculture and natural resources management also affect the climate system. In Mali, a country with a semi-arid tropical climate, climate change is an unprecedented threat to the food security of the population, especially people whose livelihoods depend on small-scale agriculture. In order to develop practical solutions for agriculture and food security, we now need to consider, in an innovative and understandable manner, knowledge on climate change, agriculture and food security; we therefore need to include climate issues in national policies and strategies for actions that help to enhance the resilience of rural populations. The exchange of information and knowledge between actors is therefore essential to ensure that decisions on policies, strategies and actions to fight against climate change are based on the best data. This study report, which has been produced as part of activities of the National Science- Policy Dialogue Platform on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security in Mali (CCAFS Mali), sheds light, for the various actors, on the current situation of institutions, challenges, constraints and opportunities for operational dialogue between researchers and policymakers for climate change adaptation. Eight key messages have been drawn from the study, and they concern: (1) the current status of the existing institutional system for operational dialogue; (2) the organization and operational difficulties of institutions involved in the fight against climate change; (3) the need for enhanced partnership between the institutions; (4) the need for adequate financial support; (5) the current status of dialogue between researchers and policymakers in Mali; (6) constraints on operational dialogue between researchers and policymakers in Mali; (7) opportunities for operational dialogue between researchers and policymakers in Mali; and (8) the need for a communication forum for researchers and policymakers in Mali. Consideration and analysis of these messages should lead to actionable recommendations to improve interinstitutional dialogue and well-informed decision-making. Any resulting policy decisions could certainly help to promote climate-smart agriculture and improve the resilience of farms in Mali. French version: http://hdl.handle.net/10568/5137

Combined use of long-lasting insecticidal nets and Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis larviciding, a promising integrated approach against malaria transmission in northern Côte d'Ivoire

Background: The recent reduction in malaria burden in Côte d’Ivoire is largely attributable to the use of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs). However, this progress is threatened by insecticide resistance and behavioral changes in Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) populations and residual malaria transmission, and complementary tools are required. Thus, this study aimed to assess the efficacy of the combined use of LLINs and Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti), in comparison with LLINs. Methods: This study was conducted in the health district of Korhogo, northern Côte d'Ivoire, within two study arms (LLIN + Bti arm and LLIN-only arm) from March 2019 to February 2020. In the LLIN + Bti arm, Anopheles larval habitats were treated every fortnight with Bti in addition to the use of LLINs. Mosquito larvae and adults were sampled and identified morphologically to genus and species using standard methods. The members of the An. gambiae complex were determined using a polymerase chain reaction technique. Plasmodium infection in An. gambiae s.l. and malaria incidence in local people was also assessed. Results: Overall, Anopheles spp. larval density was lower in the LLIN + Bti arm 0.61 [95% CI 0.41–0.81] larva/dip (l/dip) compared with the LLIN-only arm 3.97 [95% CI 3.56–4.38] l/dip (RR = 6.50; 95% CI 5.81–7.29; P < 0.001). The overall biting rate of An. gambiae s.l. was 0.59 [95% CI 0.43–0.75] biting/person/night in the LLIN + Bti arm against 2.97 [95% CI 2.02–3.93] biting/person/night in LLIN-only arm (P < 0.001). Anopheles gambiae s.l. was predominantly identified as An. gambiae sensu stricto (s.s.) (95.1%, n = 293), followed by Anopheles coluzzii (4.9%; n = 15). The human-blood index was 80.5% (n = 389) in study area. EIR was 1.36 infected bites/person/year (ib/p/y) in the LLIN + Bti arm against 47.71 ib/p/y in the LLIN-only arm. Malaria incidence dramatically declined from 291.8‰ (n = 765) to 111.4‰ (n = 292) in LLIN + Bti arm (P < 0.001). Conclusions: The combined use of LLINs with Bti significantly reduced the incidence of malaria. The LLINs and Bti duo could be a promising integrated approach for effective vector control of An. gambiae for elimination of malaria