Feiras, limiares e fronteiras: entre regulamentações biopolíticas e astúcias cotidianas

Acompanhando o cotidiano de uma feira, este trabalho busca discutir os efeitos dos atuais processos de higienização e ordenamento do espaço urbano de Boa Vista, capital do estado de Roraima. Para isso, segue pistas teórico-metodológicas oriundas da Filosofia da diferença, do pós-estruturalismo e das ciências humanas e sociais. Assim orientados, realizaram-se observações assistemáticas participantes, de inspiração cartográfica e etnográfica, ao longo de 15 meses, na Feira do Produtor Rural. Primeiro, observações esporádicas, conhecendo e deambulando pelo campo. Depois, semanalmente, centrando a atenção nas rotinas e atividades de alguns feirantes em específico. Desse percurso de pesquisa, enuncia-se a atualidade de dispositivos biopolíticos de regulamentação da vida, dos corpos e das rotinas de feirantes e frequentadores, ao tempo em que, nos interstícios e limiares dessas práticas, apontam-se práticas de resistência e astúcias cotidianamente colocadas em funcionamento na feira. Experiências-limites que, acredita-se, ensejam outros modos de viver e experimentar a cidade

Alloxan-induced diabetes delays repair in a rat model of closed tibial fracture

A closed fracture was performed on the left tibia of 3-month-old Wistar rats weighing 250 to 350 g that were either healthy (N = 24) or made diabetic with alloxan (N = 24) to investigate the effect of alloxan-induced diabetes on the course of bone fracture healing. Histomorphometric analysis of the fracture site was performed at 7, 14, 25, and 35 days. After 7 days, diabetic rats had significantly less cartilage (P = 0.045) and greater fibrous connective (P = 0.006) tissue formation at the fracture site compared to controls. In contrast, marked callus formation was seen in diabetic rats with significant osteogenesis (P = 0.011, P = 0.010, P = 0.010, respectively, for 14, 25, and 35 days) and chondrogenesis (P = 0.028, P = 0.033, P = 0.019) compared to controls. Radiographic analysis revealed a displaced fracture with poor bone fragment alignment and delayed consolidation at these times in the diabetic group. The levels of alkaline phosphatase were significantly higher in diabetic rats at 25 days (P = 0.009). These results suggest that the initial excessive formation of fibrous connective tissue associated with delay in chondrogenesis and osteogenesis may not provide suitable stability of the fractured site, contributing to the inappropriate alignment of fragments and an increase in the volume of callus in later stages of repair. The resulting displaced fracture in diabetic rats requires long periods for remodeling and complete bone consolidation

Arylimidamides have potential for chemoprophylaxis against blood-transmitted Chagas disease

Chagas disease (CD) affects over 6 million people worldwide and can be transmitted iatrogenically. Crystal violet (CV) was previously used for pathogen reduction but has harmful side-effects. In the present study, three arylimidamides (AIAs) and CV were used to sterilize mice blood samples experimentally contaminated with bloodstream trypomastigotes (BT) of Trypanosoma cruzi, at non hemolytic doses. All AIAs were not toxic to mouse blood cells until the highest tested concentration (96 µM). The previous treatment of BT with the AIAs impaired the infection establishment of cardiac cell cultures. In vivo assays showed that pre-incubation of mouse blood samples with the AIAs and CV (96 µM) significantly suppressed the parasitemia peak, but only the AIA DB1831 gave ≥90% animal survival, while vehicle treated samples reached 0%. Our findings support further studies regarding the potential use of AIAs for blood bank purposes

Long‐term outcomes and molecular analysis of a large cohort of patients with 46,XY disorder of sex development due to partial gonadal dysgenesis

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/145419/1/cen13717_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/145419/2/cen13717.pd

Metagenomic analysis of a tropical composting operation at the São Paulo Zoo Park reveals diversity of biomass degradation functions and organisms.

Composting operations are a rich source for prospection of biomass degradation enzymes. We have analyzed the microbiomes of two composting samples collected in a facility inside the Sao Paulo Zoo Park, in Brazil. All organic waste produced in the park is processed in this facility, at a rate of four tons/day. Total DNA was extracted and sequenced with Roche/454 technology, generating about 3 million reads per sample. To our knowledge this work is the first report of a composting whole-microbial community using high-throughput sequencing and analysis. The phylogenetic profiles of the two microbiomes analyzed are quite different, with a clear dominance of members of the Lactobacillus genus in one of them. We found a general agreement of the distribution of functional categories in the Zoo compost metagenomes compared with seven selected public metagenomes of biomass deconstruction environments, indicating the potential for different bacterial communities to provide alternative mechanisms for the same functional purposes. Our results indicate that biomass degradation in this composting process, including deconstruction of recalcitrant lignocellulose, is fully performed by bacterial enzymes, most likely by members of the Clostridiales and Actinomycetales orders.FAPESP 2009/52030-5RCNPqCAPE

Environmental Shaping of Sponge Associated Archaeal Communities

Archaea are ubiquitous symbionts of marine sponges but their ecological roles and the influence of environmental factors on these associations are still poorly understood.We compared the diversity and composition of archaea associated with seawater and with the sponges Hymeniacidon heliophila, Paraleucilla magna and Petromica citrina in two distinct environments: Guanabara Bay, a highly impacted estuary in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and the nearby Cagarras Archipelago. For this we used metagenomic analyses of 16S rRNA and ammonia monooxygenase (amoA) gene libraries. Hymeniacidon heliophila was more abundant inside the bay, while P. magna was more abundant outside and P. citrina was only recorded at the Cagarras Archipelago. Principal Component Analysis plots (PCA) generated using pairwise unweighted UniFrac distances showed that the archaeal community structure of inner bay seawater and sponges was different from that of coastal Cagarras Archipelago. Rarefaction analyses showed that inner bay archaeaoplankton were more diverse than those from the Cagarras Archipelago. Only members of Crenarchaeota were found in sponge libraries, while in seawater both Crenarchaeota and Euryarchaeota were observed. Although most amoA archaeal genes detected in this study seem to be novel, some clones were affiliated to known ammonia oxidizers such as Nitrosopumilus maritimus and Cenarchaeum symbiosum.The composition and diversity of archaeal communities associated with pollution-tolerant sponge species can change in a range of few kilometers, probably influenced by eutrophication. The presence of archaeal amoA genes in Porifera suggests that Archaea are involved in the nitrogen cycle within the sponge holobiont, possibly increasing its resistance to anthropogenic impacts. The higher diversity of Crenarchaeota in the polluted area suggests that some marine sponges are able to change the composition of their associated archaeal communities, thereby improving their fitness in impacted environments

Óleo essencial de alecrim no controle de doenças e na indução de resistência em videira

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar as características químicas do óleo essencial de alecrim e o seu efeito na produtividade, no controle da mancha da folha e do míldio, e na indução de resistência em videira 'Isabel'. O experimento foi realizado em vinhedo comercial, em dois ciclos consecutivos. Os tratamentos consistiram das doses do óleo essencial: 0, 500, 1.000, 2.000 e 4.000 µL L-1, além dos tratamentos Tween 80%, calda bordalesa, acibenzolar-S-metil e mancozebe. Foram avaliados a severidade da mancha da folha e do míldio, a atividade das enzimas quitinase e catalase, a massa e o número de cachos e as características químicas das uvas. Houve efeito quadrático das doses do óleo essencial de alecrim, para severidade da mancha da folha e do míldio da videira, nos dois ciclos, com resultados semelhantes aos dos tratamentos com calda bordalesa, acibenzolar-S-metil e mancozeb. Também houve aumento no número e na massa dos cachos, bem como na produtividade. O óleo essencial não interferiu nas características químicas das uvas. Observaram-se aumento na atividade da enzima quitinase e redução na atividade da catalase nas folhas. O óleo essencial nas doses de 500, 1.000 e 2.000 μL L-1 é uma alternativa para o controle de doenças da videira 'Isabel'