Enhancement of bone consolidation using high-frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields (HF-PEMFs): An experimental study on rats

In vitro studies showed that high-frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields (HF-PEMFs) increase the activity/expression of early and late osteogenic markers and enhance bone mineralization. The main aim of this study was to investigate the in vivo effects of HF-PEMFs on fracture healing using a rat model. A femur fracture was established by surgery in 20 male Wistar rats. Titanium nails were implanted to reduce and stabilize the fracture. After surgery, 20 rats were equally divided into untreated control and treated group (from the first postoperative day HF-PEMFs at 400 pulses/sec [pps] were applied for 10 minutes/day, for two weeks). Quantitative and qualitative assessment of bone formation was made at two and eight weeks following surgery and included morphological and histological analysis, serological analysis by ELISA, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), and three-point bending test. At two weeks in HF-PEMF group, soft callus was at a more advanced fibrocartilaginous stage and the bone volume/total tissue volume (BV/TV) ratio in the callus area was significantly higher compared to control group (p = 0.047). Serum concentration of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin (OC) was significantly higher in HF-PEMF group (ALP p = 0.026, OC p = 0.006) as well as the mechanical strength of femurs (p = 0.03). At eight weeks, femurs from HF-PEMF group had a completely formed woven bone with dense trabeculae, active bone marrow, and had a significantly higher BV/TV ratio compared to control (p = 0.01). HF-PEMFs applied from the first postoperative day, 10 minutes/day for two weeks, enhance bone consolidation in rats, especially in the early phase of fracture healing

THE IMPORTANCE OF ARTICULAR MOBILITY TESTING DURING TMJ CLINICAL EXAMINATION TECHNIQUE

Introduction The examination of the temporomandibular joint represents a primary phase in the clinical evaluation of any patient, weighing extremely heavy especially when diagnosing the dysfunctional syndrome. There are 3 directions of examination, but the last one in almost unknown, used neither, although is so important for complex oral rehabilitation. Goal So, we want to describe this method, to make aware all practitioners of its importance. During objective examination of TMJ, we must to do inspection, palpation, auscultation and also to explore the vertical mobility (open-close movements) or the horizontal mobility (propulsory, retropulsory, laterality, latero-pulsory movements). Knowing normal values of measured amplitudes, we can recognize TMJ pathology. Conclusion: Clinical examination of TMJ must be done correctly and following all steps, in this manner the practitioner will be able to detect all evident or less evident signs and to formulate the most precise diagnosis

CENTRIC RELATION BETWEEN CHIMERA AND REALITY- A NARRATIVE REVIEW

Introduction: The multitude of definitions for the centric relation (CR) has sparked extensive scientific debates, marking significant milestones in the evolution of concepts in these fields. The discourse surrounding CR has remained contentious for over a century, and there is still a persistent divergence of perspectives. Aim: This narrative review aims to unravel the evolutionary trajectory of CR definitions, seeking to untangle the existing confusion prevalent within specialized literature. Moreover, it endeavors to provide guiding principles within this contentious domain, offering valuable insights to practitioners, students, educators, and researchers. Discussion: Dentistry has not arrived at a consensus definition and concept of CR. Even in the era of evidence-based dentistry, CR still leaves room for controversy. Conclusion: The evolution of the CR concept and its definition, progressing from the exact specification of the maxillomandibular relationship, temporomandibular joint elements, and hinge axis and to its partial “abandonment” due to the individuality and particularities of the patients, should be contextualized within the functional and adaptable nature of the stomatognathic system

THE INFLUENCE OF ORAL REHABILITATION ON MINIMIZING RISKS, ENHANCING PROGNOSIS AND THERAPEUTIC OUTCOME IN CARDIOVASCULAR PATIENTS

Introduction. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide with a high socioeconomic burden. Increasing evidence supports a convincing connection with increased cardiovascular risk of periodontal diseases (PD), a group of widespread, debilitating, and costly dysbiotic relapsing remitting inflammatory diseases of the tissues supporting the teeth. This scoping review aimed to gain an insight into the oral health status, behaviour, knowledge, and risk among cardiovascular patients, as well as to explore challenges and to make a recommendation concerning oral health and cardiovascular patients