Imaging of periodontal disease in patients with ischemic stroke

Objectives: Links between periodontal diseases and systemic diseases have been well documented by epidemiological studies. Cardiovascular diseases are one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in the European countries, including Romania. One focus of interest is atherosclerosis, the underlying event of cardiovascular diseases due to its serious health impact. The aim of this study was to analyze a possible association between ischemic stroke and periodontitis by marginal bone loss assessment on panoramic radiography (PR), Dental CT or CBCT.Material and methods: 103 patients, 28 to 50 years old, with recent history of ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack diagnosed by specialist doctors (neurologists) were selected. Several parameters were evaluated in first five days in the dental office according to the health questionnaire and the recommended blood tests (cholesterol, triglycerides, complete hemoleucogram, C-reactive protein etc.). The same examiner and also two radiologist assessed the odontal and periodontal status of each patient on the PR, Dental CT or CBCT. We analyzed irredeemable teeth, periapical lesions, interradicular lesions, 4-5mm bone loss from the enamel-cement junction (ECJ) and >6mm bone loss from the enamel-cement junction (ECJ).Results: The study group analyzed by PR, Dental CT or CBCT presented high percents of irredeemable teeth (12%), teeth with periapical lesions (>3 mm; 3%), interradicular lesions (10%), 4-5 mm proximal bone loss (11%) and >6 mm bone loss (19%) associated with different localization of ischemic stroke.Conclusions: The present study confirms the existence of correlations between endodontic infections, periodontal infections demonstrated by panoramic radiography, CT/CBCT and ischemic stroke

VOLTAMMETRIC CHARACTERIZATION OF THE IRON BEHAVIOUR FROM STEELS IN DIFFERENT ELECTROLYTIC MEDIA

The dissolution of the iron from steel was observed by drawing the cyclic voltammetry (CV) for the systems consisting of the solution resulted when the alloy sample was immersed in HNO3, H2SO4, and HCl, aqueous solutions on platinum disk electrode (PtDE). The presence of some redox processes can be observed only in HNO3 which confirms the complexity of the mechanism of Fe dissolution in this acid. On the other hand, there were manufactured electrodes of steel samples taken into experiment achieving the corrosion characteristics in the media mentioned above

VOLTAMMETRIC BEHAVIOR OF SOME STEELS IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS OF HNO3

The corrosion process of some steels immersed in HNO3 solutions of different concentrations by means of voltammetric measurements was investigated. For different values of the corrosion potential, or of the contact time: solid steel-aggressive medium, several equations of the type: I = f (E) were proposed, only for linear domains of the voltammograms

SURGICAL AND CBCT CORRELATION IN ACQUIRED CHOLESTEATOMA IN THE NORTH-EAST REGION OF ROMANIA

Aim of the study The aim of the study is to showcase the surgical and cone-beam computer-tomography (CBCT) aspects in patients with acquired cholesteatoma. Material and methods We retrospectively study 61 patients CBCT diagnosed with acquired cholesteatoma from January 2020 – December 2022. Results Our study showed that from 60 patients: 48 cholesteatomas were formed due to chronic middle ear infection, 7 from trauma and 5 had prior surgical manipulations. The pathology affected females more (54,1% of the lot) and was treated with closed technic. Cholesteatoma had a predilection for the right ear (45%) but in 13,3% of cases had bilateral involvement and in more than half of the cases (53,3%) involved both the atical and the atrium. 35 patients had complications such as ossicular lesions (osteolisis) to the incus (58,3%), to the incus and malleus (21,7%) or to all three (incus, malleus and stapes) (15%). A small percentage had extension into the facial canal (5,9%) or in sigmoid dural sinus (1,5%). Conclusions CBCT alongside surgical diagnostics significantly deepened our comprehension of the cholesteatoma’s extension into the structures of the middle ear

IN VITRO EVALUATION OF HUMAN TEETH COLOR DIFFERENCES GIVEN BY FOOD DYE TYPE

Dental enamel is an essential structure of teeth, protecting the dentin and the dental nerve sensitive to external stimuli. Certain foods eaten can adversely affect tooth enamel, including food dyes used in colored foods and beverages. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of staining (immersion in blueberry, orange, pomegranate juice, carmoisine, tartrazine, and brilliant blue solution) and discoloration (immersion in strawberry and apple juice) on tooth enamel. Also, the impact of time and the pH of the solutions on the staining and discoloration of the tooth enamel will be investigated. Material and methods: Twenty-four human teeth were extracted for orthodontic reasons. Results: The study indicates that prolonged and frequent exposure to food dyes can cause staining or discoloration of tooth enamel, especially when used in high concentrations. The statistical analysis indicates that natural dyes are absorbed faster and color more intensely than synthetic ones, but at the same time, there is a much easier discoloration than synthetic ones, which may be due to the acidic pH. Conclusions: Food dyes can have a negative impact on tooth enamel, causing discoloration, damage, and other changes in its appearance and integrity

THE USE OF CONE BEAM COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IN THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF MEDICATION-RELATED OSTEONECROSIS OF THE JAW

In the diagnosis of osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ), imaging may have an important role in determining the extent of the disease, diagnosing early stages of osteonecrosis, identifying a potential association between metastasis of the jaw and ONJ lesions, excluding other diseases or complications of the jaws, such as fractures, and evaluating the jaw before surgical orofacial procedures. Since the appearance of ONJ at imaging is variable and very often nonspecific, imaging findings should always be related to the clinical context. The panoramic radiography is the most often used imaging technique in cases of ONJ, whereas CBCT is an adequate tool in evaluating bone involvement, in addition to offering the advantage that destructive processes can be seen at high resolution

MORPHOMETRIC AND VOLUMETRIC CBCT ANALYSIS OF THE ORBITS IN PATIENTS FROM NORTH-EASTERN PART OF ROMANIA

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) as a tool for measuring morphometric and volumetric measurements of the orbit. Patients and methods: Morphometric and volumetric values of 100 orbits (50 subjects, 21 men/29 women) were measured using CBCT. Their mean and standard deviation were measured and analyzed. The measurement were realized using two imaging diagnosis softwares: Romexis and Radiant. Results: CBCT could accurately measure the various morphometric and volumetric parameters of the orbit. The results obtained from the measurement of parameters on CBCT in specific sections at both orbits are: the mean cranio-caudal diameter of the orbit was 38.2 mm, the mean transverse diameter of the orbit was 34.22 mm, the average of the antero-posterior diameter of the orbit was 47.41 mm, the average orbital volume was 83.55 cm3. The maximum and mean value of the left antero-posterior diameter in the axial plane was higher when measured with the RadiAnt program, while the minimum value showed a higher result when measured with Romexis. Conclusion: CBCT is an important viable tool for morphometric and volumetric measurements of the orbit and other craniofacial structures. It can also assess age and gender variability. The low cost, high accuracy, low radiation, and ease of use can help in reproducibility among the different living populations

Computer Tomography Assessment Of Alveolar Ridge Modifications In Elderly Patients

This study aims to assessing how useful are the dental CT scans in the investigation of mandible alveolar ridge modification for diagnosis purposes and whether the jawbone density is correlated or not with the number of teeth lost. Materials and method: We analyzed 15 CT scans, made with the dental-CT software, belonging to some patients who wanted dental implants or dental treatments and to a control group formed by 10 patients who had undertaken an emergency cranial CT scan for severe head trauma, and a jawbone reconstruction using the Dental CT software. There have been performed symmetrical jawbone measurements on both the left and right sides. Results: The collected data show major differences regarding the mandible alveolar ridge height depending on the sex and age of the patient. The following have been noticed: symmetrical changes to the cortical bone density on the right-left side of the menton hole, to the cortical bone thickness around the menton hole, to the mandible cortical bone density at gonion, to the cortical bone thickness at the gonion. Conclusion: The hereby study confirms the efficiency of the dental computed tomography in the analysis of the mandible alveolar ridge and the density of mandible bone

Association between Cone-Beam Computed Tomography and Histological and Immunohistochemical Features in Periapical Lesions Correlated with Thickened Maxillary Sinus Mucosa

Background and Objectives: Odontogenic sinusitis is a frequently underestimated pathology with fewer symptoms in patients with periapical lesions, periodontal disease, or iatrogenic foreign bodies in the maxillary sinus. The aim of our study was to determine the correlation between maxillary sinusitis and periapical lesions using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging and histological and immunohistochemical investigations. Materials and Methods: A total of 1450 initial patients diagnosed with maxillary sinusitis in the Ear-Nose-Throat (ENT) Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa” Iasi, Romania, were treated with anti-inflammatory drugs. Of these, 629 still had unresolved symptomatology and were later referred to the Dental Medicine departments for further investigations. Only 50 subjects with periapical lesions in the premolar/molar maxillary area were included in the present study. All the periapical lesions were observed on CBCT and classified using the Periapical Status Index (PSI) and the mean maxillary sinus mucosa thicknesses (MSMT). The enrolled patients underwent surgical procedures with the excision of periapical lesions. The excised samples were submitted to the histological and immunohistochemical investigations. Results: The 50 patients presented periapical lesions of their maxillary teeth in 328 dental units. There was a higher prevalence of periapical lesions in men than in women (chi-square test). We observed a significant difference between the mean MSMT of individuals with periapical lesions compared to those without (p < 0.01). Mean MSMT was 1.23 mm for teeth without periapical lesions and 3.95 mm for teeth with periapical lesions. The histopathological study identified 50% cases with periapical granulomas, 10% cases with periapical granulomas with cystic potential, and 40% cases as periapical cysts. Immunohistochemical stainings showed that CD4+ helper and CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes, along with CD20+ B lymphocytes and CD68+ macrophages, were diffusely distributed in all periapical cysts and in some periapical granulomas, but CD79α+ plasma cells characterized especially periapical granulomas. Conclusions: The current study observed a significant correlation between CBCT maxillary mucosa thickness and type of periapical lesion. Chronic inflammatory lympho-histiocytic infiltrate predominates in periapical lesions, supporting the idea that lesion progression is determined by a humoral-type (CD20+ and CD79α+ B lymphocytes) but also by a cellular-type (CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte population) immune mechanism

Pattern of Primary Resistance of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> to Clarithromycin among Pediatric Patients from North-Eastern Romania

Background: Helicobacter pylori antibiotic resistance has increased worldwide and affects the effectiveness of current therapies. The recommended first-line empiric treatment should be tailored to the local clarithromycin resistance rate. This study aimed to determine the pediatric patient profile and rate of clarithromycin resistance for patients diagnosed with Helicobacter pylori by gastric biopsy. Methods: We studied 84 positive gastric samples for Helicobacter pylori. Positive results were confirmed by a rapid urease test and histopathological examination, with the type of gastritis established according to the Sydney System. Gastric biopsy samples were stored in RNA saver. Clarithromycin resistance was determined by a real-time polymerase chain reaction-based molecular assay after RNA-DNA extraction. Results: Of the 84 biopsy samples analyzed, 35 (41.6%) were resistant to clarithromycin. Clarithromycin resistance was found mainly in girls (80%) with a mean age of 15 years (range 6–17 years). The history of prior exposure to clarithromycin was 91.6%. The concordance between the histopathological examination and the PCR test was 100%. Conclusions: One in 2.4 children infected with Helicobacter pylori had a strain resistant to clarithromycin. This resistant strain may be a reason for treatment failure in Romanian children, yet this is uninvestigated. The high rate of bacterial resistance to this antibiotic among children indicates the need for susceptibility testing before therapy