3,299 research outputs found
Disgust as embodied moral judgment.
How, and for whom, does disgust influence moral judgment? In four experiments participants made moral judgments while experiencing extraneous feelings of disgust. Disgust was induced in Experiment 1 by exposure to a bad smell, in Experiment 2 by working in a disgusting room, in Experiment 3 by recalling a physically disgusting experience, and in Experiment 4 through a video induction. In each case, the results showed that disgust can increase the severity of moral judgments relative to controls. Experiment 4 found that disgust had a different effect on moral judgment than did sadness. In addition, Experiments 2-4 showed that the role of disgust in severity of moral judgments depends on participants' sensitivity to their own bodily sensations. Taken together, these data indicate the importance-and specificity-of gut feelings in moral judgments
Investing in Mobility: Freight Transport in the Hudson Region
Proposes a framework for assessing alternative investments in freight rail, highway, and transit capacity that would increase the ability to improve mobility and air quality in the New York metropolitan area
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Landy and Goodwin (2015) Confirmed Most of Our Findings Then Drew the Wrong Conclusions.
Understanding Perceptions of Problematic Facebook Use: When People Experience Negative Life Impact and a Lack of Control
While many people use social network sites to connect with friends and
family, some feel that their use is problematic, seriously affecting their
sleep, work, or life. Pairing a survey of 20,000 Facebook users measuring
perceptions of problematic use with behavioral and demographic data, we
examined Facebook activities associated with problematic use as well as the
kinds of people most likely to experience it. People who feel their use is
problematic are more likely to be younger, male, and going through a major life
event such as a breakup. They spend more time on the platform, particularly at
night, and spend proportionally more time looking at profiles and less time
browsing their News Feeds. They also message their friends more frequently.
While they are more likely to respond to notifications, they are also more
likely to deactivate their accounts, perhaps in an effort to better manage
their time. Further, they are more likely to have seen content about social
media or phone addiction. Notably, people reporting problematic use rate the
site as more valuable to them, highlighting the complex relationship between
technology use and well-being. A better understanding of problematic Facebook
use can inform the design of context-appropriate and supportive tools to help
people become more in control.Comment: CHI 201
Undoing a weak quantum measurement of a solid-state qubit
We propose an experiment which demonstrates the undoing of a weak continuous
measurement of a solid-state qubit, so that any unknown initial state is fully
restored. The undoing procedure has only a finite probability of success
because of the non-unitary nature of quantum measurement, though it is
accompanied by a clear experimental indication of whether or not the undoing
has been successful. The probability of success decreases with increasing
strength of the measurement, reaching zero for a traditional projective
measurement. Measurement undoing (``quantum un-demolition'') may be interpreted
as a kind of a quantum eraser, in which the information obtained from the first
measurement is erased by the second measurement, which is an essential part of
the undoing procedure. The experiment can be realized using quantum dot
(charge) or superconducting (phase) qubits.Comment: 5 page
Uncollapsing the wavefunction by undoing quantum measurements
We review and expand on recent advances in theory and experiments concerning
the problem of wavefunction uncollapse: Given an unknown state that has been
disturbed by a generalized measurement, restore the state to its initial
configuration. We describe how this is probabilistically possible with a
subsequent measurement that involves erasing the information extracted about
the state in the first measurement. The general theory of abstract measurements
is discussed, focusing on quantum information aspects of the problem, in
addition to investigating a variety of specific physical situations and
explicit measurement strategies. Several systems are considered in detail: the
quantum double dot charge qubit measured by a quantum point contact (with and
without Hamiltonian dynamics), the superconducting phase qubit monitored by a
SQUID detector, and an arbitrary number of entangled charge qubits.
Furthermore, uncollapse strategies for the quantum dot electron spin qubit, and
the optical polarization qubit are also reviewed. For each of these systems the
physics of the continuous measurement process, the strategy required to ideally
uncollapse the wavefunction, as well as the statistical features associated
with the measurement is discussed. We also summarize the recent experimental
realization of two of these systems, the phase qubit and the polarization
qubit.Comment: 19 pages, 4 figure
Stereotype threat and test performance: A primer for school psychologists
Abstract Ethical guidelines require school psychologists to ensure that their assessment practices are nondiscriminatory, but typical discussions on this topic neglect the possible discriminatory effects of cultural stereotypes on assessment results. Recent research on stereotype threat shows that students' knowledge of stereotype-based negative expectations about their test performance can depress their actual test performance. This paper discusses the range of conditions that promote stereotype threat and identifies important moderators and mediators of the phenomenon. Several practical suggestions are offered for school psychologists to consider when interviewing students, interpreting assessment results, and developing programs to increase schoolwide achievement
Lithium in strong magnetic fields
The electronic structure of the lithium atom in a strong magnetic field 0 <=
gamma <= 10 is investigated. Our computational approach is a full configuration
interaction method based on a set of anisotropic Gaussian orbitals that is
nonlinearly optimized for each field strength. Accurate results for the total
energies and one-electron ionization energies for the ground and several
excited states for each of the symmetries ^20^+, ^2(-1)^+, ^4(-1)^+, ^4(-1)^-,
^2(-2)^+, ^4(-2)^+, are presented. The behaviour of these energies
as a function of the field strength is discussed and classified. Transition
wave lengths for linear and circular polarized transitions are presented as
well.Comment: 12 pages, 13 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.
Inhomogeneous Galactic Chemical Evolution: Modelling Ultra-Faint Dwarf Galaxies of the Large Magellanic Cloud
Ultra-faint dwarf galaxies are among the oldest and most metal-poor galaxies
in the cosmos, observed to contain no gas and a high dark matter mass fraction.
Understanding the chemical abundance dispersion in such extreme environments
could shed light on the very first generations of stars. We present a novel
inhomogeneous chemical evolution model, {\tt i-GEtool}, that we apply to two
ultra-faint dwarf galaxies, Carina II and Reticulum II, both satellites of the
Large Magellanic Cloud. Our model is based on the Monte Carlo sampling of the
initial mass function as star formation proceeds in different gas cells of the
galaxy volume. We account for the chemical enrichment of Supernova bubbles as
they spread in the interstellar medium, causing dispersion in the elemental
abundances. We recreate the abundance patterns of - and
odd- elements, predicting two sequences in [C/Fe] and [N/Fe] at all
metallicities. Our models underestimate [C/Fe] and [Ti/Fe] because of the large
uncertainty in the adopted stellar nucleosynthesis yields. We discuss that the
observed C and N abundances had likely been affected by internal mixing
processes, which changed the initial surface abundances in the red giants. Our
Supernova feedback scheme is responsible for driving galactic outflows, which
quench the star formation activity at early times. We predict an average
outflow mass-loading factor , which extrapolates towards very
low galaxy stellar masses the trend observed at high masses. Finally, by
combining our model with the MIST isochrone database, we compare our synthetic
colour-magnitude diagrams to observations.Comment: 19 Pages, 12 Figures, 1 Table, Accepted to MNRA
Inflammatory cytokines induce MAdCAM-1 in murine hepatic endothelial cells and mediate alpha-4 beta-7 integrin dependent lymphocyte endothelial adhesion In Vitro
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>MAdCAM-1 plays a central role in T-lymphocyte homing to the gut, but its role in chronic liver inflammation remains unknown. Therefore, this study measured MAdCAM-1 expression, regulation, and function in cultured murine hepatic endothelial cells.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Cultures of hepatic endothelial cells (HEC) were prepared from mice expressing a temperature-sensitive SV40 large T antigen (<it>H-2K</it><sup><it>b</it></sup>-<it>tsA58</it>) under the control of an IFN-γ promoter. Time and dose dependent expression of MAdCAM-1 in response to TNF-α, IL-1β and IFN-γ was studied by immunoblotting. Lymphocyte adhesion was studied using α<sub>4</sub>β<sub>7</sub>integrin expressing lymphocytes (TK-1) +/- anti-MAdCAM-1 mAb.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>TNF-α induced MAdCAM-1 dose-and time-dependently with maximum expression at 20 ng/ml and at 48 hours. IL-1β also induced MAdCAM-1 to a lesser extent compared to TNF-α; IFN-γ did not induce MAdCAM-1. TNF-α significantly increased lymphocyte-endothelial adhesion (<it>P </it>< 0.01), which was reversed by anti-MAdCAM-1 antibody. MAdCAM-1 expression was also reduced by N-acetylcysteine and by two NO donors (SperNO, DETANO) suggesting that hepatic endothelial MAdCAM-1 is oxidant and NO regulated.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>MAdCAM-1 is a major determinant of leukocyte recruitment in chronic inflammation and is expressed by HEC in response to IL-1β and TNF-α. This system may provide a useful model for studying inflammatory mechanisms in liver disease and help determine if controlled MAdCAM-1 expression might influence inflammation in liver disease.</p
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